The "remasculinization" of Germany in the 1950s: Introduction

Signs

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 100-106

  Moeller, Robert G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749649862     PISSN: 00979740     EISSN: 15456943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/495319     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 1991).
2. See, e.g., Jürgen Förster, "Das Unternehmen 'Barbarossa' als Eroberungs- und Vernichtungskrieg," in Der Angriff auf die Sowjetunion, ed. Horst Boog et al. (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1991), 498-538;
3. Omer Bartov, Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992);
4. and Hannes Heer and Klaus Naumann, eds., Vernichtungskrieg: Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, 1941-1944 (Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 1995).
5. German military participation in wartime atrocities remains a controversial subject in contemporary Germany. See, e.g., Alan Cowell, "The Past Erupts in Munich as War Guilt Is Put on Display," New York Times (March 3, 1997).
6. Atina Grossmann, "A Question of Silence: The Rape of German Women by Occupation Soldiers," in West Germany under Construction: Politics, Society, and Culture in the Adenauer Era, ed. Robert G. Moeller (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997), 33-52;
7. Norman Naimark, The Russians in Germany: A History of the Soviet Zone of Occupation, 1945-1949 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 69-140;
8. Heike Sander and Barbara Johr, eds., BeFreir und Befreite: Krieg, Vergewaltigungen, Kinder (Munich: Antje Kunstmann, 1992).
9. Dorothea Groener-Geyer to Parliamentary Council, January 2, 1949, Bundesarchiv (Koblenz) Z5/111. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from the German are my own.
10. Heide Fehrenbach, Cinema in Democratizing Germany: Reconstructing National Identity after Hitler (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 95.
11. Elisabeth Selbert, the Social Democratic party's chief advocate of women's equal rights, quoted in Robert G. Moeller, Protecting Motherhood: Women and the Family in the Politics of Postwar West Germany (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), 51.
12. Moeller, Protecting Motherhood;
13. Donna Harsch, "Public Continuity and Private Change? Women's Consciousness and Activity in Frankfurt, 1945-1955," Journal of Social History 27 (1993): 29-59;
14. Elizabeth Heineman, "Complete Families, Half Families, No Families at All: Female-Headed Households and the Reconstruction of the Family in the Early Federal Republic," Central European History 29 (1996): 29-60;
15. Maria Höhn, "Frau im Haus und Girl im Spiegel: Discourse on Women in the Interregnum Period of 1945-1949," Central European History 26 (1993): 57-90.
16. Quoted in Ute Gerhard, "Die staatlich institutionalisierte 'Lösung' der Frauentage: Zur Geschichte der Geschlechterverhältnisse in der DDR," in Sozialgeschichte der DDR, ed. Hartmut Kaelble, Jürgen Kocka, and Hartmut Zwahr (Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1994), 388-89.
17. Among recent works in addition to those cited above see, e.g., Annette Kuhn, "Power and Powerlessness: Women after 1945, or the Continuity of the Ideology of Femininity," German History 7 (1989): 34-46;
18. Klaus-Jörg Ruhl, Verordnete Unterordnung: Berufstätige Frauen zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und konservativer Ideologie (Munich: C. H. Beck, 1994);
19. Merith Niehuss, "Kontinuität und Wandel der Familie in der 50er Jahren," in Modernisierung im Wiederaufbau: Die westdeutsche Gesellschaft der 50er Jahre, ed. Axel Schildt and Arnold Sywottek (Bonn: J. H. W. Dietz Nachf., 1993), 316-34;
20. Katherine Pence, "The 'Fräuleins' meet the 'Amis': Americanization of German Women in the Reconstruction of the West German State," Michigan Feminist Studies 7 (1992-93): 83-108;
21. Elizabeth Heineman, "The Hour of the Woman: Memories of Germany's 'Crisis Years' and West German National Identity," American Historical Review 101 (1996): 354-95,
22. and What Difference Does a Husband Make? Women Standing Alone and the Changing Meaning of Marital Status in Germany, 1933-61 (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, in press);
23. and Erica Carter, How German Is She? Postwar West German Reconstruction and the Consuming Woman (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997);
24. and on the East German side, Ina Merkel, ... und Du, Frau an der Werkbank: Die DDR in den 50er Jahren (Berlin: Elefanten Press, 1990),
25. and "Leitbilder und Lebensweisen von Frauen in der DDR," in Kaelble, Kocka, Zwahr, eds., 359-82;
26. Gunnila-Friederike Budde, ed., Frauen arbeiten: Weibliche Erwerbstätigkeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland nach 1945 (Göttingen: Vandenhocck & Ruprecht, 1997);
27. Donna Harsch, "Society, the State, and Abortion in East Germany, 1950-1972," American Historical Review 102 (1997): 53-84.
28. Pathbreaking in its presentation of a German-German comparative approach is Uta G. Poiger, "Rock 'n' Roll, Female Sexuality, and the Cold War Battle over German Identities," in Moeller, ed., 373-410,
29. and American Culture, German Identities: Cold War Battles over Gender, Race, and Nation (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, in press).
30. Susan Jeffords, The Remasculinization of America: Gender and the Vietnam War (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989).
31. Extremely important for setting an agenda for the postwar German case is the work of Fehrenbach; and Poiger, "Rebels with a Cause? American Popular Culture, the 1956 Youth Riots, and New Conceptions of Masculinity in East and West Germany," in The American Impact on Postwar Germany, ed. Reiner Pommerin (Providence, R.I.: Berghahn Books, 1995), 93-124.
32. See Elisabeth Domansky, "Militarization and Reproduction in World War I Germany," in Society, Culture, and the State in Germany, 1870-1930, ed. Geoff Eley (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1996), 427-63.