Atmospheres, chemical compositions, and evolutionary histories of very metal-poor red horizontal-branch stars in the galactic field and in NGC 7078 (M15)

Astronomical Journal

Volumn 132, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 85-110

  Preston, George W ^a   Sneden, Christopher ^a,b   Thompson, Ian B ^a   Shectman, Stephen A ^a   Burley, Gregory S ^a  

^a CARNEGIE OBSERVATORIES   (United States)

^b The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

Author keywords

Branch; Stars: abundances; Stars: evolution; Stars: horizontal

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749640320     PISSN: 00046256     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/504425     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Alcaino, G., Liller, W., Alvarado, F., & Wenderoth, E. 1991, AJ, 102, 159
2. Alonso, A., Arribas, S., & Martinez-Roger, C. 1999, A&AS, 140, 261
3. _. 2001, A&A, 376, 1039
4. Asplund, M. 2005, ARA&A, 43, 481
5. Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., & Sauvai, A. J. 2005, in ASP Conf. Ser. 336, Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. T. G. Bames III & F. N. Bash (San Francisco: ASP), 25
6. Beers, T. C., & Christlieb, N. 2005, ARA&A, 43, 531
7. Beers, T. C., Preston, G. W., & Shectman, S. A. 1992, AJ, 103, 1987 (BPS92)
8. Behr, B. B. 2003a, ApJS, 149, 67
9. _. 2003b, ApJS, 149, 101
10. Behr, B. B., Cohen, J. G., & McCarthy, J. K. 2000, ApJ, 531, L37
11. Bernstein, R., Shectman, S. A., Gunnels, S. M., Mochnacki, S., & Athey, A. E. 2003, Proc. SPIE, 4841, 1694
12. Bizzarri, A., Huber, M. C. E., Noels, A., Grevesse, N., Bergeson, S. D., Tsekeris, P., & Lawler, J. E. 1993, A&A, 273, 707
13. Buonanno, R., Caloi, V., Castellani, V., Corsi, C. E., Ferraro, I., & Piccolo, F. 1988, A&AS, 74, 353
14. Buonanno, R., Corsi, C. E., & Fusi Pecci, F. 1985, A&A, 145, 97
15. Burstein, D., & Heiles, C. 1982, AJ, 87, 1165
16. Buzzoni, A., Pecci, F. F., Buonanno, R., & Corsi, C. E. 1983, A&A, 128, 94
17. Carney, B. W., Latham, D. W., Laird, J. B., & Aguilar, L. A. 1994, AJ, 107, 2240
18. Cassisi, S., Castellani, M., Caputo, F., & Castellani, V. 2004, A&A, 426, 641
19. Cassisi, S., Salaris, M., & Irwin, A. W. 2003, ApJ, 588, 862
20. Castellani, V., Chieffi, A., & Pulone, L. 1991, ApJS, 76, 911
21. Castelli, F., Gratton, R. G., & Kurucz, R. L. 1997, A&A, 318, 841
22. Cayrel, R., et al. 2004, A&A, 416, 1117
23. Christlieb, N., Wisotzki, L., & Grasshoff, G. 2002, A&A, 391, 397
24. Clementini, G., Carretta, E., Gratton, R., Merighi, R., Mould, J. R., & McCarthy, J. K. 1995, AJ, 110, 2319
25. Cohen, J. G., Persson, S. E., & Frogel, J. A. 1978, ApJ, 222, 165
26. Cohen, J. G., et al. 2004, ApJ, 612, 1107
27. Corwin, T. M., Carney, B. W., & Nifong, B. G. 1999, AJ, 118, 2875
28. Cowan, J. J., et al. 2002, ApJ, 572, 861
29. Demarque, P., Woo, J.-H., Kim, Y.-C., & Yi, S. K. 2004, ApJS, 155, 667
30. Demarque, P., Zinn, R., Lee, Y.-W., & Yi, S. 2000, AJ, 119, 1398
31. Depagne, E., et al. 2002, A&A, 390, 187
32. Di Criscienzo, M., Marconi, M., & Caputo, F. 2004, ApJ, 612, 1092
33. Faulkner, J. 1966, ApJ, 144, 978
34. Fitzpatrick, M. J., & Sneden, C. 1987, BAAS, 19, 1129
35. Fuhr, J. A., Martin, G. A., & Wiese, W. L. 1988, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, Suppl. 4
36. Gratton, R. G., Carretta, E., & Castelli, F. 1996, A&A, 314, 191
37. Gratton, R., Sneden, C., & Carretta, E. 2004, ARA&A, 42, 385
38. Gustafsson, B., Bell, R. A., Eriksson, K., & Nordlund, A. 1975, A&A, 42, 407
39. Harris, W. E. 1996, AJ, 112, 1487
40. Harris, W. E., et al. 1997, AJ, 114, 1030
41. Hill, V., et al. 2002, A&A, 387, 560
42. Iben, I. 1968, Nature, 220, 143
43. Ivans, I. I., Simmerer, J., Sneden, C., Lawler, J. E., Cowan, J. J., Gallino, R., & Bisterzo, S. 2006, ApJ, in press
44. Johnson, J. A., & Bolte, M. 2002, ApJ, 579, 616
45. Kelson, D. D. 2003, PASP, 115, 688
46. King, J. R., Stephens, A., Boesgaard, A. M., & Deliyannis, C. 1998, AJ, 115, 666
47. Kinman, T. D., Suntzeff, N. B., & Kraft, R. P. 1994, AJ, 108, 1722
48. Kraft, R. P., & Ivans, I. I. 2003, PASP, 115, 143
49. Kurucz, R. 1993, Kurucz CD-ROM 13, ATLAS9 Stellar Atmosphere Programs and 2 km/s Grid (Cambridge: SAO)
50. _. 1998, in LAU Symp. 189, Fundamental Stellar Properties: The Interaction between Observation and Theory, ed. T. R. Bedding, A. J. Booth, & J. Davis (Dordrecht: Kluwer), 217
51. Lambert, D. L., Heath, J. E., Lemke, M., & Drake, J. 1996, ApJS, 103, 183
52. Lawler, J. E., Bonvallet, G., & Sneden, C. 2001a, ApJ, 556, 452
53. Lawler, J. E., & Dakin, J. T. 1989, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 6, 1457
54. Lawler, J. E., Wickliffe, M. E., den Hartog, E. A., & Sneden, C. 2001b, ApJ, 563, 1075
55. Lee, J.-W., Carney, B., & Habgood, M. 2005, AJ, 129, 251
56. Lee, Y.-W., Demarque, P., & Zinn, R. 1990, ApJ, 350, 155
57. Lodders, K. 2003, ApJ, 591, 1220
58. Marconi, M., Caputo, F., Di Criscienzo, M., & Castellani, M. 2003, ApJ, 596, 299
59. Martin, G. A., Fuhr, J. A., & Wiese, W. L. 1988, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, Suppl. 3
60. McWilliam, A., Preston, G. W., Sneden, C., & Searle, L. 1995a, AJ, 109, 2757
61. McWilliam, A., Preston, G. W., Sneden, C., & Shectman, S. 1995b, AJ, 109, 2736
62. Michaud, G. 1982, ApJ, 258, 349
63. Nemec, J. M. 2004, AJ, 127, 2185
64. Morris, J. E., Ryan, S. G., & Beers, T. C. 1997, ApJ, 489, L169
65. O'Brian, T. R., Wickliffe, M. E., Lawler, J. E., Whaling, J. W., & Brault, W. 1991, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 8, 1185
66. Peterson, R. C., Dorman, B., & Rood, R. T. 2001, ApJ, 559, 372
67. Peterson, R. C., Seitzer, P., & Cudworth, K. M. 1989, ApJ, 347, 251
68. Pilachowski, C. A., Sneden, C., & Kraft, R. P. 1996, AJ, 111, 1689
69. Piotto, G., et al. 2006, A&A, in press
70. Preston, G. 1961, ApJ, 133, 29
71. _. 1997, AJ, 113, 1860
72. _. 2000, PASP, 112, 141
73. Preston, G. W., Shectman, S. A., & Beers, T. C. 1991, ApJS, 76, 1001
74. Ramírez, I., & Meléndez, J. 2005, ApJ, 626, 465
75. Rood, R. T. 1973, ApJ, 184, 815
76. Ryan, S. G., & Norris, J. E. 1991, AJ, 101, 1865
77. Ryan, S. G., Morris, J. E., & Beers, T. C. 1996, ApJ. 471, 254
78. Sandage, A. 1990, ApJ, 350, 603
79. _. 1993, AJ, 106, 703
80. _. 2004, AJ, 128, 858
81. Sandage, A., & Wallerstein, G. 1960, ApJ, 131, 598
82. Sarajedini, A., & Milone, A. A. E. 1995, AJ, 109, 269
83. Silbermann, N. A., & Smith, H. A. 1995, AJ, 110, 704
84. Simmerer, J., Sneden, C., Cowan, J. J., Collier, J., Woolf, V. M., & Lawler, J. E. 2004, ApJ, 617, 1091
85. Smith, G., & Raggett, D. S. J. 1981, J. Phys. B, 14, 4015
86. Sneden, C. 1973, ApJ, 184, 839
87. Sneden, C., Johnson, J., Kraft, R. P., Smith, G. H., Cowan, J. J., & Bolte, M. S. 2000a, ApJ, 536, L85
88. Sneden, C., Kraft, R. P., Prosser, C. F., & Langer, G. E. 1991, AJ, 102, 2001
89. Sneden, C., Kraft, R. P., Shetrone, M. D., Smith, G. H., Langer, G. E., & Prosser, C. F. 1997, AJ, 114, 1964
90. Sneden, C., Pilachowski, C. A., & Kraft, R. P. 2000b, AJ, 120, 1351
91. Sneden, C., Preston, G. W., & Cowan, J. J. 2003a, ApJ, 592, 504
92. Sneden, C., et al. 2003b, ApJ, 591, 936
93. Straniero, O., Chieffi, A., & Salaris, M. 1991, in Nuclear Astrophysics, ed. W. Hillebrandt & E. Müller (Garching: ESO), 135
94. Thévenin, F., & Idiart, T. P. 1999, ApJ, 521, 753
95. Tornambé, A. 1987, in ESO Workshop on Stellar Evolution and Dynamics of the Outer Halo of the Galaxy, ed. M. Azzopardi & F. Matteucci (Garching: ESO), 307
96. Trams, N. R., Waters, L. B. F. M., & Waelkens, C. 1993, in ASP Conf. Ser. 45, Luminous High-Latitude Stars, ed. D. D. Sasselov (San Francisco: ASP), 103
97. VandenBerg, D. A. 1992, ApJ, 391, 685
98. VandenBerg, D. A., & Clem, J. L. 2003, AJ, 126, 778
99. VandenBerg, D. A., Swenson, F. J., Rogers, F. J., Iglesias, C. A., & Alexander, D. R. 2000, ApJ, 532, 430
100. van den Bergh, S. 1967, AJ, 72, 70
101. Walker, A. R. 1994, AJ, 108, 555
102. Westin, J., Sneden, C., Gustafsson, B., & Cowan, J. J. 2000, ApJ, 530, 783
103. Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., & Miles, B. M. 1969, Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. 2: Sodium through Calcium (Washington: US Dept. Commerce)
104. Wilhelm, R., Beers, T. C., & Gray, R. O. 1999, AJ, 117, 2308
105. Zinn, R., & Barnes, S. 1996, AJ, 112, 1054