Physics of transduction in ionic liquid-swollen nafion membranes

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 6170, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Bennett, Matthew ^a   Leo, Donald ^a  

^a Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University   (United States)

Author keywords

Artificial muscle; Electroactive polymer; Ionic liquid; Ionic polymer transducer; Nafion

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS; IONIC LIQUIDS; IONIC POLYMER TRANSDUCERS; NAFION™;

CHARGE TRANSFER; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMERIC MEMBRANES; STRAIN; X RAY SCATTERING;

IONIZATION OF GASES;

EID: 33749560849     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.658480     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (43)

1. W. Kuhn, "Reversible dehung und Kontraktion bei anderung der ionisation eines netzwerks polyvalenter fadenmolekulionen," Experientia 5, pp. 318-319, 1948.
2. W. Kuhn, B. Hargitay, A. Katchalsky. and H. Eisenberg, "Reversible dialation and contraction by changing the state of high-polymer acid networks," Nature 165, pp. 514-516, 1950.
3. A. Katchalsky, "Rapid swelling and deswelling of reversible gels of polymeric acids by ionization," Experientia 5, pp. 318-319, 1948.
4. K. Sadeghipour, R. Salomon, and S. Neogi, "Development of a novel electrochemically active membrane and 'smart' material based vibration sensor/damper," Smart Materials and Structures 1, pp. 172-179, 1992.
5. K. Oguro, Y. Kawami, and H. Takenaka, "Bending of an ion-conducting polymer film-electrode composite by an electric stimulus at low volage." Journal of Micromachine Society 5, pp. 27-30, 1992.
6. D. J. Segalman, W. R. Witkowski, D. B. Adolf, and M. Shahinpoor, "Theory and application of electrically controlled polymeric gels," Smart Materials and Structures 1, pp. 95-100, 1992.
7. K. Mallavarapu and D. J. Leo, "Feedback control of the bending response of ionic polymer actuators," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 12, pp. 143-155, 2001.
8. C. S. Kothera and D. J. Leo. "Bandwidth characterization in the micropositioning of ionic polymer actuators," Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 16, pp. 3-13, 2005.
9. M. Shahinpoor, Y. Bar-Cohen, J. Simpson, and J. Smith, "Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) as biomimetic sensors, actuators and artificial muscles - a review," Smart Materials and Structures 7(6), pp. R15-R30, 1998.
10. M. Mojarrad and M. Shahinpoor, "Ion-exchange-metal composite sensor films," in Smart Materials and Structures, 3042, pp. 52-60, SPIE, 1997.
11. A. Keshavarzi, M. Shahinpoor, K. J. Kim, and J. Lantz, "Blood pressure, pulse rate, and rhythm measurement using ionic polymer-metal composites sensors," in EAP Actuators and Devices, 3669, pp. 369-376, SPIE, 1999.
12. K. Newbury and D. J. Leo, "Mechanical work and electromechanical coupling in ionic polymer bender actuators," in Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Conference and Exposition, ASME, 2001. paper AD-23705.
13. K. Newbury and D. J. Leo, "Chemoelectric and electromechanical modeling of ionic polymer materials," in 12th International Conference on Adaptive Structures and Technologies, 2001. 220-231.
14. Y. Bar-Cohen, S. Leary, M. Shahinpoor, J. Harrison, and J. Smith, "Flexible low-mass devices and mechanisms actuated by electroactive polymers," in EAP Actuators and Devices, 3669, pp. 51-56. SPIE, 1999.
15. Y. Bar-Cohen, S. Leary, M. Shahinpoor, J. O. Harrison, and J. Smith, "Electro-active polymer (EAP) actuators for planetary applications," in EAP Actuators and Devices, 3669, pp. 57-63, SPIE, 1999.
16. J. W. Franklin, "Electromechanical modeling of encapsulated ionic polymer transducers," Master's thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003.
17. M. Bennett and D. Leo, "Ionic liquids as stable solvents for ionic polymer transducers," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 115, pp. 79-90, 2004.
18. P. Bonhôte, A. Paula Dias, N. Papageorgiou, K. Kalyanasundaram, and M. Grätzel, "Hydrophobic, highly conductive ambient-temperature molten salts," Inorganic Chemistry 35, pp. 1168-1178, 1996.
19. E. I. Cooper and E. J. O'Sullivan, "New,stable, ambient-temperature molten salts," in Proceedings of the Eighth Interational Symposium on Molten Salts, pp. 386-396, The Electrochemical Society, 1992.
20. P. Millet, F. Andolfatto, and R. Durand, "Preparation of solid polymer electrolyte composites: Investigation of the ion-exchange process, " Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 25. pp. 227-232, 1995.
21. P. Millet, F. Andolfatto, and R. Durand, "Preparation of solid polymer electrolyte composites: Investigation of the precipitation process," Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 25, pp. 233-239, 1995.
22. T. Rashid and M. Shahinpoor, "Force optimization of ionic polymermic platinum composite artificial muscles by means of orthogonal array manufacturing method," in EAP Actuators and Devices, 3669, pp. 289-298, SPIE, 1999.
23. M. Bennett, Electromechanical Transduction in Ionic Liquid-Swollen Nafion Membranes. PhD thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005.
24. D. J. Leo, K. Farinholt, and T. Wallmersperger, "Computational models of ionic transport and electromechanical transduction in ionomeric polymer transducers," in EAP Actuators and Devices, SPIE, 2005. paper 5759-24.
25. S. Nemat-Nasser, "Micromechanics of actuation of ionic polymer-metal composites," Journal of Applied Physics 92(5), pp. 2899-2915, 2002.
26. M. Shahinpoor and K. Kim, "Ionic polymer-metal composites: III. modeling and simulation as biomimetic sensors, actuators, transducers, and artificial muscles," Smart Materials and Structures 13, pp. 1362-1388, 2004.
27. B. J. Akle, D. J. Leo, M. A. Hickner, and J. E. McGrath, "Correlation of capacitance and actuation in ionomeric polymer transducers," Journal of Materials Science 40, pp. 1-10, 2005.
28. B. J. Akle, M. D. Bennett, and D. J. Leo, "High-strain ionomeric-ionic liquid electroactive actuators," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 126, pp. 173-181, 2005.
29. T. Gierke, G. Munn, and F. Wilson, Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes, ch. 10, pp. 195-216. American Chemical Society, 1982.
30. P. James, J. Elliott, T. McMaster, J. Newton, A. Elliott, S. Hanna, and M. Miles, "Hydration of nafion studied by afm and x-ray scattering," Journal of Materials Science 35, pp. 5111-5119, 2000.
31. M. Bennett and D. Leo, "Morphological and electromechanical characterization of ionic liquid / nafion polymer composites," in EAP Actuators and Devices, SPIE, 2005. paper 5759-76.
32. M. Falk, Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes, ch. 8, pp. 139-170. American Chemical Society, 1982.
33. C. Heitner-Wirguin, "Infra-red spectra of perfluorinated cation-exchanged membranes," Polymer 20, pp. 371-374, 1979.
34. S. Lowry and K. Mauritz, "An investigation of ionic hydration effects in perfluorosulfonate ionomers by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy," Journal of the American Chemical Society 102, pp. 4665-4667, 1980.
35. R. Shannon, "Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides," Acta Crystal-lographica A32, pp. 751-767, 1976.
36. V. Koch, C. Nanjundiah, and R. Carlin, "Hydrophobic ionic liquids." U.S. Patent 5,827,602, 1998.
37. Y.-M. Sun, I. Favre, L. Schild, and E. Moczydlowski, "On the structural basis for size-selective permeation of organic cations through the voltage-gated sodium channel," Journal of General Physiology 110, pp. 693-715, 1997.
38. R. Komoroski and K. Mauritz, Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes, ch. 7, pp. 113-138. American Chemical Society, 1982.
39. R. Komoroski and K. Mauritz, "A sodium-23 nucelar magnetic resonance study of ionic mobility and contact ion pairing in a perfluorosulfonate ionomer," Journal of the American Chemical Society 100, pp. 7487-7489, 1978.
40. R. G. Kidd, NMR of Newly Accesible Nuclei, volume 1, ch. 5, pp. 103-131. Academic Press, 1983.
41. Y. Bar-Cohen and S. Leary, "Electro-active polymer (EAP) characterization methods," in EAP Actuators and Devices, 3987, pp. 12-16, SPIE, 2000.
42. K. Newbury, Characterization, Modeling, and Control of Ionic Polymer Transducers. PhD thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002.
43. T. A. Zawodzinski, M. Neeman, L. Sillerud, and S. Cottesfeld, "Determination of water diffusion coefficients in perfluorosulfonate ionomeric membranes," Journal of Physical Chemistry 95, pp. 6040-6044, 1991.