Scaling and root planing and chlorhexidine mouthrinses in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Journal of Clinical Periodontology

Volumn 33, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 819-828

  Faveri, Marcelo ^a   Gursky, Lauren Christine ^a   Feres, Magda ^a   Shibli, Jamil Awad ^a   Salvador, Sergio Luiz ^b   De Figueiredo, Luciene Cristina ^a  

^a GUARULHOS UNIVERSITY   (Brazil)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

BANA test; Chlorhexidine; Dental plaque; Periodontal disease; Scaling and root planing

Indexed keywords

CHLORHEXIDINE; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; MOUTHWASH; N BENZOYLARGININE 2 NAPHTHYLAMIDE; PLACEBO; TOPICAL ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; GINGIVA BLEEDING; HUMAN; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; MICROBIOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; MOUTH HYGIENE; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTITIS; PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SINGLE BLIND PROCEDURE; TOOTH PLAQUE;

ADULT; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, LOCAL; BACTERIA; BENZOYLARGININE-2-NAPHTHYLAMIDE; CHLORHEXIDINE; CHRONIC DISEASE; DENTAL PLAQUE; DENTAL SCALING; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; GINGIVAL HEMORRHAGE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOUTHWASHES; PERIODONTAL ATTACHMENT LOSS; PERIODONTAL POCKET; PERIODONTITIS; PLACEBOS; ROOT PLANING; SINGLE-BLIND METHOD;

EID: 33749431376     PISSN: 03036979     EISSN: 1600051X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00994.x     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Addy, M. & Moran, J. (1983) Comparison of plaque accumulation after topical application and mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine gluconate. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 10, 69-71.
2. Albandar, J. M., Germo, P. & Preus, H. R. (1994) Chlorhexidine use after two decades of over-the-counter availability. Journal of Periodontology 65, 109-112.
3. Araujo, M. W., Hovey, K. M., Benedek, J. R., Grossi, S. G., Dorn, J., Wactawski-Wende, J., Genco, R. J. & Trevisan, M. (2003) Reproducibility of probing depth measurement using a constant-force electronic probe: analysis of inter and intraexaminer variability. Journal of Periodontology 74, 1736-1740.
4. Axelsson, P. & Lindhe, J. (1981) The significance of maintenance care in the treatment of periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 8, 281-294.
5. Badersten, A., Nilveus, R. & Egelberg, J. (1981) Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. I. Moderately advanced periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 8, 57-72.
6. Badersten, A., Nilvéus, R. & Egelberg, J. (1984) Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy II. Severely advanced periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 11, 63-76.
7. Badersten, A., Nilvéus, R. & Egelberg, J. (1987) Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (VIII). Probing attachment changes related to clinical characteristics. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 14, 425-432.
8. Barkvoll, P., Rolla, G. & Svendsen, K. (1989) Interaction between chlorhexidine digluconate and sodium lauryl sulfate in vivo. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 16, 593-595.
9. Beltrami, M., Bickel, M. & Baehni, P. C. (1987) The effect of supragingival plaque control on the composition of the subgingival microflora in human periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 14, 161-164.
10. Bollen, C. M., Vandekerckhove, B. N., Papaioannou, W., Van Eldere, J. & Quirynen, M. (1996) Full- versus partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of periodontal infections. A pilot study: long-term microbiological observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 23, 960-970.
11. Briner, W. W., Grossman, E., Buckner, R. Y., Rebitski, G. F., Sox, T. E., Setser, R. E. & Ebert, M. L. (1986) Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse on plaque bacteria. Journal of Periodontal Research 17, 44-52.
12. Cao, C. F., Aeppli, D. M., Liljemark, W. F., Bloomquist, C. G., Bandt, C. L. & Wolff, L. F. (1990) Comparison of plaque microflora between Chinese and Caucasian population groups. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 17, 115-118.
13. Carvalho, L. H., D'Ávila, G. B., Leão, A., Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S. & Feres, M. (2004) Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. I. Clinical results. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 31, 1070-1076.
14. Carvalho, L. H., D'Ávila, G. B., Leão, A., Haffajee, A. D., Socransky, S. S. & Feres, M. (2005) Scaling and root planing, systemic metronidazole and professional plaque removal in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in a Brazilian population. II. Microbiological results. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 32, 406-411.
15. Christie, P., Claffey, N. & Renvert, S. (1998) The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine in the absence of a structured mechanical regimen of oral hygiene following the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 25, 15-23.
16. Claffey, N., Loos, B., Gantes, B., Martin, M., Heins, P. & Egelberg, J. (1988) The relative effects of therapy and periodontal disease on loss of probing attachment after root debridement. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 15, 163-169.
17. Cobb, C. M. (2002) Clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy: an evidence-based perspective of scaling and root planing. Journal of Clinical Periodonrology 29 (Suppl. 2), 6-16.
18. Colombo, A. P., Haffajee, A. D., Dewhirst, F. E., Paster, B. J., Smith, C. M., Cugini, M. A. & Socransky, S. S. (1998) Clinical and microbiological features of refractory periodontitis subjects. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 25, 169-180.
19. Colombo, A. P., Teles, R. P., Torres, M. C., Rosalem, W., Mendes, M. C., Souto, R. M. & Uzeda, M. (2005) Effects of non-surgical mechanical therapy on the subgingival microbiota of Brazilians with untreated chronic periodontitis: 9-month results. Journal of Periodontology 76, 778-784.
20. Cugini, M. A., Haffajee, A. D., Smith, C., Kent, R. L. Jr. & Socransky, S. S. (2000) The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal disease: 12-month results. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, 30-36.
21. Dahlen, G., Manji, F., Baelum, V. & Fejerskov, O. (1989) Black-pigmented Bacteroides species and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque of adult Kenyans. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 16, 305-310.
22. Eaton, K. A., Rimini, F. M., Zak, E., Brookman, D. J., Hopkins, L. M. A. & Cannell, P. J. (1997) The effects of a 0,12% chlorhexidine-digluconate- containing mouthrinse versus a placebo on plaque and gingival inflammation over a 3-month period. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 24, 189-197.
23. Ernst, C. P., Prockl, K. & Willershausen, B. (1998) The effectiveness and side-effects of 0.1% and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinses: a clinical study. Quintessence International 29, 443-448.
24. Feres, M., Haffajee, A. D., Allard, K., Som, S. & Socransky, SS. (2001) Change in subgingival microbial profiles in adult periodontitis subjects receiving either systemically-administered amoxicillin or metronidazole. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 28, 597-609.
25. Feres, M., Haffajee, A. D., Gonçalves, C., Allard, K., Som, S., Smith, C., Goodson, M. & Socransky, S. S. (1999) Systemic doxycycline administration in the treatment of periodontal infections (I). Effect on the subgingival microbiota. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 26, 775-783.
26. Gjermo, P. (1989) Chlorhexidine and related compounds. Journal of Dental Research 68, 1602-1608.
27. Greenstein, G. (1992) Periodontal response to mechanical non-surgical therapy: a review. Journal of Periodontology 63, 118-130.
28. Grisi, D. C., Salvador, S. L., Figueiredo, L. C., Souza, S. L., Novaes, A. B. & Grisi, M. F. (2002) Effect of a controlled-release chlorhexidine chip on clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal syndrome. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 29, 875-881.
29. Haffajee, A. D., Arguello, E. I., Ximenez-Fyvie, L. A. & Socransky, S. S. (2003) Controlling the plaque biofilm. International Dental Journal 53, 191-199.
30. Haffajee, A. D., Cugini, M. A., Dibart, S., Smith, C., Kent, R. L. Jr. & Socransky, S. S. (1997) The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 24, 324-334.
31. Hill, R. W., Ramfjord, S. P., Morrison, E. C., Appleberry, E. A., Caffesse, R. G., Kerry, G. J. & Nissle, R. R. (1981) Four types of periodontal treatment compared over two years. Journal of Periodontology 52, 655-662.
32. Kaldahl, W. B., Kalkwarf, K. L. & Patil, K. D. (1993) A review of longitudinal studies that compared periodontal therapies. Journal of Periodontology 64, 243-253.
33. Kaldahl, W. B., Kalkwarf, K. L., Patil, K. D., Dyer, J. K. & Bates, R. E. Jr. (1988) Evaluation of four modalities of periodontal therapy. Mean probing depth, probing attachment level and recession changes. Journal of Periodontology 59, 783-793.
34. Lang, N. P. & Brecx, M. C. (1986) Chlorhexidine digluconate an agent for chemical plaque control and prevention of gingival inflamation. Journal of Periodontal Research 21, 74-89.
35. Levy, R. M., Giannobile, W. V., Feres, M., Haffajee, A. D., Smith, C. & Socransky, S. S. (2002) The effect of apically repositioned flap surgery on clinical parameters and the composition of the subgingival microbiota: 12-month data. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 22, 209-219.
36. Lindhe, J. & Liljenberg, B. (1984) Treatment of localized juvenile periodontitis. Results after 5 years. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 11, 399-410.
37. Lindhe, J., Liljenberg, B. & Adielsson, B. (1983) Effect of long-term tetracycline therapy on human periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 10, 590-601.
38. Lindhe, J. & Nyman, S. (1975) The effect of plaque control and surgical pocket elimination on the establishment and maintenance of periodontal health. A longitudinal study of periodontal therapy in cases of advanced disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2, 67-79.
39. Lindhe, J., Westfelt, E., Nyman, S., Socransky, S. S., Heijl, L. & Bratthall, G. (1982) Healing following surgical/non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease. A clinical study. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 9, 115-128.
40. Loesche, W. J. (1979) Clinical and microbiological aspects of chemotherapeutic agents used according to the specific plaque hypothesis. Journal of Dental Research 58, 2404-2412.
41. Loesche, W. J., Bretz, W. A., Kerchensteiner, D., Stoll, J., Socransky, S. S., Hujoel, P. & Lopatin, D. E. (1990) Development of a diagnostic test for anaerobic periodontal infections based on plaque hydrolysis of benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamide. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 28, 1551-1559.
42. Loesche, W. J., Giordano, J. R., Soehren, S. & Kaciroti, N. (2005) The nonsurgical treatment of patients with periodontal disease: results after 6.4 years. General Dentistry 53, 298-306.
43. Loesche, W. J., Grossman, N. & Giordano, J. (1993) Metronidazole in periodontitis (IV). The effect of patient compliance on treatment parameters. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 20, 96-104.
44. Magnusson, I., Lindhe, J., Yoneyama, T. & Liljenberg, B. (1984) Recolonization of a subgingival microbiota following scaling in deep pockets. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 11, 193-207.
45. Marsh, P. D. (1992) Microbiological aspects of the chemical control of plaque and gingivitis. Journal of Dental Research 71, 1431-1438.
46. Mascarenhas, P., Gapski, R., Al-Shammari, K., Hill, R., Soehren, S., Fenno, J. C., Giannobile, WV. & Wang, H. L. (2005) Clinical response of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in smokers. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 76, 426-436.
47. McNabb, H., Mombelli, A. & Lang, N. P. (1992) Supragingival cleaning 3 times a week. The microbiological effects in moderately deep pockets. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 5, 348-356.
48. Morrison, E. C., Ramfjord, S. P. & Hill, R. W. (1980) Short-term effects of initial, nonsurgical periodontal treatment (hygienic phase). Journal of Clinical Periodontology 14, 199-211.
49. Nyman, S., Lindhe, J. & Rosling, B. (1977) Periodontal surgery in plaque-infected dentitions. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 4, 240-249.
50. Nyman, S., Rosling, B. & Lindhe, J. (1975) Effect of professional tooth cleaning on healing after periodontal surgery. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2, 80-86.
51. Pedrazzoli, V., Kilian, M., Karring, T. & Kirkegaard, E. (1991) Effect of surgical and nonsurgical periodontal treatment on periodontal status and subgingival microbiota. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 18, 598-604.
52. Pihlstrom, B. L., McHugh, R. B., Oliphant, T. H. & Ortiz-Campos, C. (1983) Comparison of surgical and nonsurgical treatment of periodontal disease. A review of current studies and additional results after 61/2 years. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 10, 524-541.
53. Pihlstrom, B. L., Ortiz-Campos, C. & McHugh, R. B. (1981) A randomized four-years study of periodontal therapy. Journal of Periodontology 52, 227-242.
54. Quirynen, M., Bollen, C. M., Vandekerckhove, B. N., Dekeyser, C., Papaioannou, W. & Eyssen, H. (1995) Full- vs. partial-mouth disinfection in the treatment of periodontal infections: short-term clinical and microbiological observations. Journal of Dental Research 8, 1459-1467.
55. Quirynen, M., Mongardini, C., De Soete, M., Pauwels, M., Coucke, W. & Van Eldere, J. (2000) The role of chlorhexidine in the one-stage full-mouth disinfection treatment of patients with advanced adult periodontitis - long term clinical and microbiological observations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, 578-589.
56. Ramfjord, S. P., Caffesse, R. G., Morrison, E. C., Hill, R. W., Kerry, G. J., Appleberry, E. A., Nissle, R. R. & Stults, D. L. (1987) 4 modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 14, 445-452.
57. Rosling, B., Nyman, S. & Lindhe, J. (1976) The effect of systematic plaque control on bone regeneration in infrabony pockets. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 3, 38-53.
58. Sekino, S., Ramberg, P., Uzel, N. G., Socransky, S.S & Lindhe, J. (2003) Effect of various chlorhexidine regimens on salivary bacteria and de novo plaque formation. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 30, 919-925.
59. Slots, J. (1979) Subgingival microflora and periodontal disease. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 6, 351-382.
60. Socransky, S. S., Haffajee, A. D., Cugini, M. A., Smith, C. & Kent, R. L. Jr. (1998) Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 25, 134-144.
61. Ximenez-Fyvie, L. A., Haffajee, A. D. & Socransky, S. S. (2000b) Microbial composition of supra- and subgingival plaque in subjects with adult periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, 722-732.
62. Ximénez-Fyvie, L. A., Haffajee, A. D., Som, S., Thompson, M., Torresyap, G. & Socransky, S. S. (2000a) The effect of repeated supragingival plaque removal on the composition of the supra- and subgingival microbiota. Journal of Clinical Periodontology 27, 637-647.