Introduction: An atlas of the urban icons project

Urban History

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 5-19

  Ethington, Philip J ^a   Schwartz, Vanessa R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33749397226     PISSN: 09639268     EISSN: 14698706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S096392680600349X     Document Type: Editorial

References (62)

1. One can hardly read a newspaper or watch television today without learning about 'the top ten icons of the century' or note the celebrations of the 'birthday of an icon'. See, for example, New York Times, 26 May 2005, special section on the 75th anniversary of the Chrysler Building.
2. Philip J. Ethington, The Public City: The Political Construction of Urban Life in San Francisco, 1850-1900 (Cambridge and New York, 1994)
3. Philip J. Ethington, 'Los Angeles and the problem of urban historical knowledge', American Historical Review, 105, 5 (Dec. 2000), http://Historycooperative.org. Direct link: http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/ LAS/history/historylab/LAPUHK/index.html
4. Vanessa R. Schwartz, Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in Fin-de-Siècle Paris (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London, 1998)
5. Vanessa R. Schwartz, 'Walter Benjamin for historians', American Historical Review, 106, 5 (2001), 1721-43.
6. See Pierre Nora (ed.), Realms of Memory, 3 vols., trans. Arthur Goldhammer, ed. Lawrence D. Kritzman (New York, 1997)
7. John Gillis (ed.), Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity (Princeton, 1996)
8. Maud Lavin, Clean New World: Culture, Politics and Graphic Design (Cambridge, MA, 2001).
9. See Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (New York, 1976)
10. Lewis Murnford, The Culture of Cities (New York, 1938)
11. Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City (Cambridge, MA, 1960)
12. and Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities (New York, 1961).
13. Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-Siècle Vienna (New York, 1981).
14. See David H. Pinkney, Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of Paris (Princeton, 1958)
15. George R. Collins and Chistiane Crasemann Collins, Camillo Sitte and the Birth of Modern City Planning (New York, 1965)
16. H. J. Dyos, David Cannadine and David A. Reeder (eds.), Exploring the Urban Past: Essays in Urban History (Cambridge and New York, 1982).
17. Lester B. Rowntree and Margaret W. Conkey, 'Symbolism and the cultural landscape', Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 70, 4 (Dec. 1980), 459-74.
18. See Lynch, The Image of the City
19. Giuliana Bruno, Streetwalking on a Ruined Map: Cultural Theory and the City Films of Elvira Notari (Princeton, 1993)
20. Robert Venturi, Denise Scott Brown and Steven Izenour, Learning from Las Vegas: The Forgotten Symbolism of Architectural Form (Cambridge, MA, 1977)
21. Anne Friedberg, Window Shopping: Cinema and the Postmodern (Berkeley, 1993)
22. and David M. Henkin, City Reading: Written Words and Public Spaces in Antebellum New York (New York, 1998).
23. See Yi-Fu Tuan, Place and Space: The Perspective of Experience (Minneapolis, 1977)
24. Yi-Fu Tuan, Topophila: A Study of Environmental Perception. Attitudes and Values (Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974)
25. Denis Cosgrove, The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation. Design, and Use of Past Environments (Cambridge and New York, 1988).
26. Giuliana Bruno, Atlas of Emotion: Journeys in Art, Architecture, and Film (London, 2002).
27. See, for example, Gillis (ed), Commemorations
28. Kirk Savage, Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves: Race, War and Monument (Princeton, 1999)
29. Alan Trachtenberg, Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol (Chicago, 1979).
30. J.B. Harley and David Woodward, The History of Cartography (Chicago, 1987)
31. David Woodward, Five Centuries of Map Printing (Chicago, 1975)
32. David Woodward and G. Malcom Lewis, Cartography in the Traditional African, American, Artic, Australian, and Pacific Societies (Chicago, 1998)
33. Marcia Yonemoto, Mapping Early Modern Japan: Space, Place and Culture in the Tokugawa Period, 1603-1848 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 2003)
34. Valerie Kivelson, 'Cartography, autocracy and state powerlessness: The uses of maps in early modern Russia', Imago Mundi, 51 (1999), 83-105
35. David Buisseret, Envisioning the City: Six Studies in Urban Cartography (Chicago, 1998)
36. James Elliot, The City in Maps: Urban Mapping to 1900 (London, 1987).
37. See, for example, Jeffrey Wasserstrom, Global Shanghai, 1850-2000 (Routledge, forthcoming)
38. and Edward Dimendberg on Los Angeles and Joachim Schlör on Berlin in this issue.
39. See Max Page, The Creative Destruction of Manhattan, 1900-1940 (Chicago, 1999)
40. and T.J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and his Followers (New York, 1984).
41. Wolfgang Schivelbusch, The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the Nineteenth Century (Berkeley, 1986)
42. Bruno, Atlas of Emotion.
43. Anthony W. Lee, Picturing Chinatown: Art and Orientalism in San Francisco (Berkeley, 2001)
44. Shawn Michelle Smith, Photography on the Color Line: W. E. B. Du Bois, Race and Visual Culture (Durham, NC, 2004)
45. Giorgio Bertellini, 'Black hands and white hearts: Italian immigrants' racial dissonance in early twentieth-century American cinema', Urban History, 31, 3 (2004), 375-99.
46. 'icon, n', Oxford English Dictionary Online (10 May 2005).
47. Quoted in ibid.
48. See Hans Belting, Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image before the Era of Art (Chicago, 1994).
49. Charles Saunders Peirce, Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. I-VI ed. Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss, vols. VII-VIII ed. Arthur W. Burks (Cambridge, MA, 1931), I. III. III 195.
50. Quoted in 'icon, n', Oxford English Dictionary Online (10 May 2005).
51. Keith Moxey, 'Panofsky's concept of "iconology" and the problem of interpretation in the history of art', New Literary History, 17, 2 (Winter 1986), 266.
52. Erwin Panofsky, Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance (New York, 1962), 3.
53. The first chapter of Panofsky's Studies in Iconology (3-31), a thorough and systematic explication of the method, distinguishes various levels and dimensions of form ('style', 'motif') and meaning ('symbolical values'), but never mentions the word 'icon'. Panofsky does not even cite Peirce, which supports our contention that iconology and semiology form two distinct traditions.
54. See William K. Wimsatt, Verbal Icon: Studies in the Meaning of Poetry (Lexington, KY, 1954). He writes: 'the term icon is used to-day by semeiotic [sic] writers to refer to a verbal sign which somehow shares the properties of, or resembles, the objects which it denotes'.
55. Quoted in 'icon, n', Oxford English Dictionary Online (10 May 2005).
56. The concept of the corpus mysticum is explicated in Ernst H. Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: Mediaeval Political Theology (Princeton, 1997; originally 1957).
57. It is certainly suggestive, however, that the visual commodification of Piazza San Marco was powerfully advanced by Canaletto's prolifically produced and pre-photographic Venetian oil paintings of the eighteenth century (executed with the camera obscura), so successfully marketed among the London bourgeoisie. If Wilson's analysis is correct, then the circulation of these urban icons is a phenomenon of more recent vintage, perhaps a function of photography and the postcard, but the research is yet to be performed.
58. Bruno, Atlas of Emotion.
59. See Gerry and Chris Phil Kearns (eds.), Selling Places: The City as Cultural Capital, Past and Present (New York, 1993)
60. Greg Ringer (ed.), Destinations: Cultural Landscapes of Tourism (London and New York, 1998)
61. Orvar Löfgren, On Holiday: A History of Vacationing (Berkeley, 1999).
62. See James Twitchell, Branded Nation (New York, 2004).