Lightning safety and large stadiums

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

Volumn 87, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1187-1194

  Gratz, Joel ^a   Noble, Erik ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b CIRES ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; EDUCATION; STADIUMS; STRATEGIC PLANNING;

CROWD MANAGEMENT; LIGHTNING SAFETY;

LIGHTNING;

EID: 33749375866     PISSN: 00030007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-87-9-1187     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Bennett, B. L., R. L. Holle, and R. E. Lopez, Eds., 1997: Lightning safety. 99 NCAA Sports Medicine Handbook, 11th ed. National Collegiate Athletic Association, 12-14.
2. Bohannon, J., 2005: Directing the herd: Crowds and the science of evacuation. Science, 310, 219-221.
3. Fruin, J. J., 1984: Crowd dynamics and auditorium management. Auditorium News, International Association of Auditorium Managers. [Available online at www.iaam.org/CVMS/IAAMCrowdDyn.doc.]
4. Hodanish, S., R. L. Holle, and D. T. Lindsey, 2004: A small updraft producing a fatal lightning flash. Wea. Forecasting., 19, 627-632.
5. Holle, R. L., R. E. Lopez, and C. Zimmermann, 1999: Updated recommendations for lightning safety - 1998. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2035-2041.
6. Krider, P. E., and K. E. Kehoe, 2004: On the chances of being struck by cloud-to-ground lightning. 17th Conf. on Probability and Statistics in the Atmospheric Sciences, Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., CD-ROM, 606.
7. Milzman, D. P., L. Moskowitz, and M. Hardel, 1999: Lightning strikes at a mass gathering. Southern Med. J., 92, 708-710.
8. Moore, C. B., W. Rison, G. D. Aulich, and J. Mathis, 2000: Lightning rod improvement studies. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 593-609.
9. Moore, C. B., G. D. Aulich, and W. Rison, 2003: The case for using blunt-tipper lightning rods as strike receptors. J. Appl. Meteor., 42, 984-993.
10. NFPA, cited 2004: NFPA 780: Standard for the installation of lightning protection systems. 148 pp. [Available online at www.nfpa.org.]
11. Uman, M. A., and V. A. Rakov, 2002: A critical review of nonconventional approaches to lightning protection. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1809-1820.
12. Zimmermann, C., M. A. Cooper, and R. L. Holle, 2002: Lightning safety guidelines. Ann. Emergency Med., 39, 660-664.