The American contribution to the urban sociology of race relations in Britain from the 1940s to the early 1970s

Urban History

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 253-273

  Clapson, Mark ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTMINSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

RACE; URBAN HISTORY; URBAN SOCIETY;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 33749361466     PISSN: 09639268     EISSN: 14698706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0963926806003804     Document Type: Article

References (98)

1. John Rex, The Ghetto and the Underclass (Aldershot, 1988), 57-8.
2. Patrick Cosgrave, The Lives of Enoch Powell (London, 1990), 241.
3. Ibid., 241.
4. Roy Jenkins, 'Address by the Home Secretary to the Institute', Race, 8, 3 (1967), 215-21.
5. St Clair Drake, 'The "colour problem" in England: A study of social definitions', Sociological Review (new series), 3, 2 (1955), 198-207.
6. St Clair Drake and Horace R. Cayton, Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (Chicago, 1993; first published in 1945.) The book was dedicated to Professor Robert E. Park, 'American scholar and friend of the Negro people.'
7. Mark Clapson, Suburban Century: Social Change and Urban Growth in England and the USA (Oxford, 2003), 88.
8. Michael Banton, Racial and Ethnic Competition (Cambridge, 1983), 60.
9. Nick Abercrombie et al., The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology (Harmondsworth, 1988), 31, 47 259.
10. Michael Banton, The Idea of Race (London, 1977), 101-11.
11. Peter H. Mann, An Approach to Urban Sociology (London, 1965), 73.
12. H.W. Zorbaugh, The Gold Coast and the Slum (Chicago, 1929).
13. Mann, An Approach, 75.
14. K.L. Little, Negroes in Britain: A Study of Race Relations in English Society (London, 1947), 16.
15. Ibid., 17.
16. Ibid., 17-19.
17. Ibid., 60-2.
18. Ibid., 50, 54-5.
19. Ibid., 44.
20. Anthony A. Richmond, Colour Prejudice in Britain: A Study of West Indian Workers in Liverpool, 1941-1951 (London, 1954), v.
21. Ibid., 18.
22. Ibid., 121, 146.
23. Ibid., 154.
24. Ibid., 146-50.
25. Sydney Collins, Coloured Minorities in Britain: Studies in British Race Relations Based on African, West Indian and Asiatic Immigrants (London, 1957), 15, 43-4.
26. Sydney Collins, 'The British-born coloured', Sociological Review (new series), 3, 1 (1955), 77-92.
27. Michael Banton, The Coloured Quarter: Negro Immigrants in an English City (London, 1955), 238-43.
28. H.B. Maddox, 'The assimilation of Negroes in a dockland area in Britain', Sociological Review (new series), 8, 1 (1960), 5.
29. Ibid., 5.
30. Ford Foundation, New York, Grant Number 05800043 (hereafter FF/NY/GN: L05800043 and title details): CUS: letter from David V. Glass to Francis X. Sutton, 25 May 1955.
31. LFF/NY/GN: 05800043: CUS: letter from Kingsley Davis to Francis X. Sutton, 19 Dec. 1955.
32. Ibid., correspondence between CUS and Ford Foundation, 1955-57.
33. Leonard Silk and Mark Silk, The American Establishment (New York, 1980), 137-40.
34. Ibid., 138-40.
35. CFF/NY/GN: 05800043: CUS: correspondence from Kingsley Davis to Francis X. Sutton, 25 Jan. 1956.
36. Ibid., Francis X. Sutton, memo to files: Meeting with the Urban Studies Group at the London School of Economics, 19 Sep. 1956; Sutton, memo to files; telephone conversation with Ed Shils, 8 Oct. 1956.
37. FF/NY/GN: 005500234: Institute of Community Studies: Application to the Ford Foundation by the Institute of Community Studies, London, England, 11 Feb. 1955, 7-8
38. Peter Willmott, 'The Institute of Community Studies', in Martin Bulmer (ed.), Essays on the History of British Sociological Research (Cambridge, 1985), 146.
39. MFF/NY/GN: 05800043: CUS: memo froA Ylvisaker to Stanley Gordon: attached application from Committee for Urban Studies, United Kingdom, 17 Apr. 1957.
40. Ibid., correspondence from Ylvisaker to Glass, 30 Nov. 1961.
41. Mike Phillips and Trevor Phillips, Windrush: The Irresistible Rise of Multi-Racial Britain (London, 1998), 170-80, 182-8.
42. For example, Anon., 'Racial fighting breaks out in London; police squads scatter 400 strugglers', Arkansas Gazette, 1 Sep. 1958
43. Anon., 'Britain ready to crack down on race riots', Arkansas Gazette, 4 Sep. 1958. These titles are held at the Library of Congress, Washington DC.
44. Ruth Glass, 'The new Negro in the United States', Listener, 11 Dec. 1958, 981-2.
45. Ibid., 981.
46. Anon., 'Teacher, sociologist, housewife and mother', Times, 6 Oct. 1960.
47. Ruth Glass assisted by Harold Pollins, Newcomers: The West Indians in London (London, 1960), 47-9.
48. Pearl Jephcott, A Troubled Area (London, 1964)
49. Sheila Patterson, Dark Strangers: A Study of West Indians in London (Harmondsworth, 1963).
50. FF/NY/GN: 05800043: CUS: The West Indians in London: Press, Radio and Television Reception, passim.
51. Ibid., CUS Annual Reports from 1961, plus other materials forwarded to the Ford Foundation; other press cuttings.
52. Ibid., Newcomers: The West Indians in London: Press, Radio and Television Reception, passim.
53. Ibid.
54. Ibid.
55. Sir Milner Holland, Report of the Committee on Housing in Greater London (London, 1965), 2, 90, 94, 98, 109.
56. Eric Hobsbawm, 'A passionate sociologist', Guardian, 9 Mar. 1990. The obituary of Ruth Glass in the Times, 9 Mar. 1990, argued that 'Despite the range and depth of her interests, Ruth Glass's output, seen purely in terms of quantity, was not large, and the CUS at University College London, which she directed for many years, did not develop as its original supporters might have hoped.'
57. FF/NY/GN: 06000447: Institute of Race Relations: E.J.B. Rose, Application to the Ford Foundation for a Grant to the Institute of Race Relations of $50,000 Per Annum for Five Years (&c.), 15 Jun. 1964, 1.
58. Michael Banton, 'Sociology and race relations', Race, 1, 1 (1959), 3-14.
59. Lawrence Butler and Harriet Jones (eds.), Britain in the Twentieth Century: A Documentary Reader (Oxford, 1995), 208-9.
60. FF/NY/GN: 06000447: IRR: Rose, Application to the Ford Foundation, Annexure A.
61. FF/NY/GN: 06400113: Ditchley Foundation: Strengthening of American Participation in Anglo-American ACtivities, 3 Jan. 1964; correspondence between Howard R. Swearer to Harry V. Hodson, 18 Dec. 1968.
62. Ibid., 'Anglo-American conference on problems of minority integration', 1-4 Dec. 1967
63. Wyndham Thomas, New Towns: Report of a Conference at Ditchley Park, 15-18 Nov. 1968 (Ditchley, 1968).
64. FF/NY/GN: 06000447: IRR: Report to the Ford Foundation, mid-Sep. 1966, pp. 1-2.
65. Ibid., Ford Foundation, Institute of Race Relations: Extension of Program. 12/9-10/1965.
66. R.B. Davison, Black British: Immigrants to England (London, 1966); Race, passim, 1966 to 1970.
67. John Rex and Robert Moore, Race, Community and Conflict: A Study of Sparkbrook (London, 1979 edn), 7-8.
68. Rex, The Ghetto, 64.
69. National Archives, Kew: HO376/166: Institute of Race Relations: Publications.
70. Nathan Glazer, 'Race relations in Britain: An American perspective', Sociology, 6, 2 (1972), 98-9.
71. Rex, The Ghetto, 40.
72. Mark Bonham Carter, 'Measures against discrimination: The North American scene', Race, 9, 1 (1967), 1-26
73. Sir Edward Boyle, 'Race relations: The limits of voluntary action', Race, 9, 3 (1968), 296-8
74. Nicholas Deakin, 'Residential segregation in Britain: A comparative note', Race, 6, 1 (1964), 18-26.
75. See also Allen D. Grimshaw, 'Factors contributing to colour violence in the United States and Britain', Race, 3, 2 (1962), 3-19.
76. R. Kirwan, The Inner City in the United States (London, 1980), 6.
77. Clapson, Suburban Century, 85.
78. LFF/NY/GN: 06000447: IRR: letter from Jim Rose to Joseph E. Slater, 26 Oct. 1967.
79. Ibid.
80. see also Louis Kushnick, 'British anti-discrimination legislation', in Simon Abbott (ed), The Prevention of Racial Discrimination in Britain (London, 1971), 255.
81. FF/NY/GN: 06000447: IRR: John Henry Denton, Report to the Ford Foundation, May 1969, 1.
82. Ibid., 2-10.
83. John H. Denton, 'The effectiveness of state anti-discrimination laws in the United States', Race, 9, 1 (1968), 85-92
84. Ira Katznelson, 'The politics of racial buffering in Nottingham, 1954-1968', Race, 11, 4 (1970), 431-46. Katznelson was Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, New York
85. Richard Longaker, 'The Race Relations Act of 1965: An evaluation of the incitement provision', Race, 11, 2 (1969), 124-56. Longaker was Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Los Angeles.
86. George Grier and Eunice Grier, 'Obstacles to desegregation in America's urban areas', Race, 6, 1 (1964), 3-17.
87. FF/NY/GN: 06400113: Ditchley Foundation: 'Anglo-American conference on problems of minority integration', 1-4 Dec. 1967.
88. Central Housing Advisory Committee, Council Housing: Purposes, Procedures and Priorities (London, 1969)
89. see also Clapson, Suburban Century, 86-7.
90. David J. Smith, Racial Disadvantage in Britain: The PEP Report, (Harmondsworth, 1997), 330-1.
91. A. Sivanandan, Race and Resistance: The IRR Story (London, 1974).
92. The editorial working committee, 'Editorial', Race and Class, 16, 3 (1975), 231.
93. Jenny Bourne and A. Sivanandan, 'Cheerleaders and ombudsmen: The sociology of race relations in Britain', Race and Class, 21, 4 (1980), 331.
94. Donald Fisher, 'The role of philanthropic foundations in the reproduction and production of hegemony: Rockefeller Foundations and the Social Sciences', Sociology, 17, 2 (1983), 206-33
95. Martin Bulmer, 'Philanthropic foundations and the development of the social sciences in the early twentieth century: A reply to Donald Fisher', Sociology, 18, 4 (1984), 572-9
96. Giuliana Gemelli, 'Introduction', in Giuliana Gemelli (ed), American Foundations and Large-Scale Research: Construction and Transfer of Kwwledge (Bologna, 2001), ix-xiii.
97. Silk and Silk, American Establishment, 127.
98. Daniel T. Rodgers, Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age (Cambridge, MA, 1998).