Air force space command a transformation case study

Air and Space Power Journal

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2006, Pages

  Stumborg, Michael F ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33749323348     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. John P. Kotter, Leading Change (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1996), 33-158.
2. Gen Lance W. Lord, "Space Superiority," High Frontier 1, no. 3 (Winter 2005): 5, http://www. peterson.af.mil/hqafspc/news/images/ JournalWinter05.pdf.
3. Rick W. Sturdevant, "The Satellite-From Definite Possibility to Absolute Necessity: Five Decades of Technological Change," in Golden Legacy, Boundless Future: Essays on the United States Air Force and the Rise of Aerospace Power, ed. Rebecca H. Cameron and Barbara Wittig (Washington, DC: Air Force History and Museums Program, 2000), 323; and Lt Gen Michael A. Hamel, commander, Space and Missile Systems Center, Air Force Space Command, interview by the author, 13 September 2005.
4. This same promise manifested itself later, during Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom in the mountains of Afghanistan and the urban centers of Iraq, respectively. Jacob Kipp, senior analyst, Foreign Military Studies Office, US Army Training and Doctrine Command, made the point that the Soviets viewed space as a part of a theater of military operations (TVD). As such, their objective of space superiority was integral to an overall objective of air superiority in the TVD. Col Lawrence E. Stellmon, A Comparison of the U.S. and Soviet Space Programs: The Forgotten Dimension, National Defense University Library Special Collections Report 87-2 C.I (Washington, DC: National Defense University, 1987), 23.
5. Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett, eds., Military Innovation in the Interwar Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996). The six elements are not listed explicitly, as are the eight elements of Kotter's study. Instead, they reappear repeatedly in similar forms throughout the 10 essays of this collection. Barry Watts and Williamson Murray ask a question similar to that of this case study when they propose the hypothesis that "we are now in the early stages of a period in which advances in precision weaponry, sensing and surveillance, computational and information-processing capabilities, and related systems will trigger substantial changes in future wars."
6. "Military Innovation in Peacetime," in Military Innovation, 405. The similarity lies in the fact that each of these transformational capabilities is heavily dependent on space.
7. Williamson Murray, "Innovation: Past and Future," in Military Innovation, 311.
8. Williamson Murray, "Innovation: Past and Future," in Military Innovation, Ibid., 325.
9. Williamson Murray, "Innovation: Past and Future," in Military Innovation, Ibid., 326.
10. Geoffrey Till, "Adopting the Aircraft Carrier: The British, American, and Japanese Case Studies," in Military Innovation, 211.
11. Geoffrey Till, "Adopting the Aircraft Carrier: The British, American, and Japanese Case Studies," in Military Innovation, Ibid., 210.
12. Stephen Peter Rosen, Winning the Next War: Innovation and the Modern Military, reprint ed. (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994), 251.
13. Williamson Murray, "Strategic Bombing: The British, American, and German Experiences," in Military Innovation, 104.
14. Rosen, Winning the Next War, 87-90.
15. Murray, "Innovation: Past and Future," 317.
16. Murray, "Innovation: Past and Future," Ibid., 314.
17. See Report of the Commission to Assess United States National Security Space Management and Organization (Washington, DC: The Commission, 11 January 2001), http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/ space20010111.pdf.
18. In response to a recommendation by the Space Commission, the commander of AFSPC was no longer triple-hatted; neither were the commanders of North American Aerospace Defense Command and US Space Command.
19. Air Force Space Command Strategic Master Plan FY06 and Beyond (Peterson AFB, CO: Headquarters AFSPC/XPXP, 1 October 2003), 3, http://www.peterson.af. mil/hqafspc/library/ AFSPCPAOffice/Final%2006%20SMP-Signedlvl.pdf.
20. Theodor von Karman, "Where We Stand: First Report to General of the Army H. H. Arnold on Long Range Research Problems of the Air Forces with a Review of German Plans and Developments" (Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Materiel Command History Office, 22 August 1945), 12.
21. Sturdevant, "Satellite," 315.
22. John L. McLucas to Ray Bisplinghoff, chairman, Scientific Advisory Board, United States Air Force, letter, 13 August 1980; and Lt Gen Thomas S. Moorman Jr., Blue Ribbon Panel of the Air Force in Space in the 21st Century (Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, February 1993), 9-27.
23. Gen Lance W. Lord, "Commanding the Future: The Transformation of Air Force Space Command," Air and Space Power Journal 18, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 13, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/ airchronicles/apj/apj04/sum04/sum04. pdf.
24. House, Congressional Testimony of General Lance W. Lord, Commander, Air Force Space Command, before the House Armed Services Strategic Forces Subcommittee, 109th Cong., Istsess., 12 July 2005;
25. and Col Jeffrey Yuen, "Warfighting Needs and Uses for Responsive Space in the USPACOM Theater," High Frontier 1, no. 4 (n.d.): 22.
26. Gen Lance W. Lord, "Developing Space Professionals," High Frontier 1, no. 1 (Summer 2004): 7.
27. Senate, Congressional Testimony of General Lance W. Lord, Commander, Air Force Space Command, before the Senate Armed Services Strategic Forces Subcommittee, 109th Cong., 1st sess., 16 March 2005.
28. Gen Lance W. Lord (speech, National Defense Industrial Association, Space Policy and Architecture Symposium, 20 July 2004).
29. James C. Collins and Jerry I. Porras, "Building Your Company's Vision," Harvard Business Review, September-October 1996, 65.
30. Lord, "Commanding the Future," 9-15;
31. and Hon. Peter B. Teets, "National Security Space in the Twenty-first Century," Air and Space Power Journal 18, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 4-8.
32. Gen Lance W. Lord, interview by the author, 21 November 2005.
33. See, for example, Air and Space Power Journal 18, no. 2 (Summer 2004);
34. and Hon. Peter B. Teets, "Developing Space Power: Building on the Airpower Legacy," Air and Space Power Journal 17, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 11-15.
35. Gen Lance W. Lord, "The Impact of Space on Security: Stability in International Affairs," Vital Speeches of the Day, 15 March 2004, 325-30.
36. Air Force Space Command, http://www.peterson.af.mil/hqafspc/library/ speeches/speeches.asp?.
37. Von Karman, "Where We Stand," 88.
38. Gen Lance W. Lord, "The Face of Space" (speech, Air Power Council, Fort Worth, TX, 27 July 2005).
39. House, Congressional Testimony.
40. Senate, Congressional Testimony.
41. Ibid.
42. Gen Lance W. Lord, "Space: The Lynchpin to Joint Operations" (speech, Air Force Defense Strategy and Transformation Breakfast Seminar, Capitol Hill Club, Washington, DC, 9 March 2005).
43. Maj Gen Douglas Fraser, director of air and space operations, AFSPC, interview by the author, 28 August 2005.
44. Combining these two elements may seem an oversimplification, but the contention is that bureaucratic acceptance is a direct reflection of the new method's acceptance within the organizational culture.
45. Gen Lance W. Lord, "We Walked with a Legend: General Bernard A. Schriever, 1910-2005," High Frontier 1, no. 4 (n.d.): 54.
46. McLucas to Bisplinghoff, letter.
47. Von Karman, "Where We Stand," 26.
48. Moorman, Blue Ribbon Panel, recommendations 1, 5,12, and 15a.
49. Gen Lance W. Lord, "Welcome to High Frontier!" High Frontier 1, no. 1 (Summer 2004): 3-4.
50. Lt Col Joseph E. Brouillard, "SOPSC Educates Space Warriors," High Frontier 1, no. 1 (Summer 2004): 22-23.
51. Taking a leaf from Fred Kaplan's The Wizards of Armageddon (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991), an examination of the process and people who created the US vision of warfare using nuclear weapons, one sees that the Wizards thrust area intended to apply equal energy to war fighting in space.