The effect of competition from different weed species on the growth of Betula pendula seedlings

Canadian Journal of Forest Research

Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2006, Pages 1900-1912

  Willoughby, Ian ^a   Clay, David V ^b   Dixon, Fiona L ^b   Morgan, Geoff W ^a  

^a FOREST RESEARCH   (United Kingdom)

^b Avon Vegetation Research Limited   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; HERBICIDES; PLANTS (BOTANY); REFORESTATION;

INHIBITORY EFFECTS; SPARSE WEED GROWTHS; TREE GROWTH; WEED DENSITY;

WEED CONTROL;

BIODIVERSITY; COMPETITION (ECOLOGY); GROWTH RATE; HERBICIDE; IDENTIFICATION KEY; PLANT; REGENERATION; WEED;

BIODIVERSITY; HERBICIDES; PLANTING; PLANTS; REFORESTATION; WEED CONTROL;

BETULA PENDULA; CIRSIUM; CIRSIUM VULGARE; EPILOBIUM; EPILOBIUM CILIATUM; HOLCUS; HOLCUS LANATUS; LOLIUM PERENNE; PERSICARIA; POA; POA ANNUA; RUMEX; RUMEX OBTUSIFOLIUS;

EID: 33749315553     PISSN: 00455067     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/X06-075     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Adams, P.R., Beadle, C.L., Mendham, N.J., and Smethurst, P.J. 2003. The impact of timing and duration of grass control on growth of a young Eucalyptus globulus Labill. plantation. New For. 26: 147-165.
2. Atkinson, M.D. 1992. Betula pendula Roth (B. verrucosa Ehrh.) and B. pubescens Ehrh. Biological flora of the British Isles. J. Ecol. 80: 837-870.
3. Balandier, P., Collet, C., Miller, J.H., Reynolds, P.E., and Zedaker, S.M. 2006. Designing forest vegetation management strategies based on the mechanisms and dynamics of crop tree competition by neighbouring vegetation. Forestry, 79(1): 3-27.
4. Bell, F.W., Ter-Mikaelian, M.T., and Wagner, R.G. 2000. Relative competitiveness of nine early-succession boreal forest species associated with planted jack pine and black spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 30: 790-800.
5. Blair, A.M., Cussans, J.W., and Lutman, P.J.W. 1999. A biological framework for developing a weed management support system for weed control in winter wheat: weed competition and time of weed control. In Proceedings of the 1999 Brighton Conference - Weeds, Brighton, UK, 15-18 November 1999. BCPC, Alton, Hampshire, UK. pp. 753-760.
6. Burton, P.J. 1993. Some limitations inherent to static indices of plant competition. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 2141-2152.
7. Clay, D.V., and Dixon, F.L. 1997. Effect of ground-cover vegetation on the growth of poplar and willow short-rotation coppice. Biomass and Energy Crops. Asp. Appl. Biol. 49: pp. 53-60.
8. Coll, L., Balandier, P., and Picon-Cochard, C. 2004. Morphological and physiological responses of beech (Fagus sylvatica) seedlings to grass-induced below ground competition. Tree Physiol. 24(1): 45-54.
9. Davies, R.J. 1985. The importance of weed control and the use of tree shelters for establishing broadleaved trees on grass-dominated sites in England. Forestry, 58: 167-180.
10. Davies, R.J. 1987. Trees and weeds. For. Comm. Handb. 2.
11. Davis, M.A., Wrage, K.J., and Reich, P.B. 1998. Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demand. J. Ecol. 86: 652-661.
12. Froud-Williams, R.J. 2002. Weed competition. In Weed management handbook. 9th ed. Edited by R.E.L. Naylor. Blackwell Science, Oxford. pp. 16-38.
13. Genstat. 1993. Genstat 5 reference manual, release 3 edition. Genstat 5 Committee, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
14. Goldberg, D.E. 1996. Simplifying the study of competition at the individual plant level: consequences of distinguishing between competitive effect and response for forest vegetation management. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 26: 19-38.
15. Harmer, R. 1996. Growth of seedling tree root-systems in competition with grasses. Asp. Appl. Biol. 44: 47-54.
16. Harmer, R., and Robertson, M. 2003. Seedling root growth of six broadleaved tree species grown in competition with grass under irrigated nursery conditions. Ann. For. Sci. 60: 601-608.
17. Hytönen, J., and Jylhä, P. 2005. Effects of competing vegetation and post planting weed control on the mortality, growth and vole damages to Betula pendula planted on former agricultural land. Silva Fenn. 39(3): 365-380.
18. Ingle, S., Blair, A.M., and Cussans, J.W. 1997. The use of weed density to predict winter wheat yield. Optimising cereal inputs: its scientific basis. Asp. Appl. Biol. 50 393-400.
19. Jinks, R.L., and Kerr, G. 1999. Establishment and early growth of different plant types of Corsican pine (Pinus nigra var. maritima) on four sites in Thetford Forest. Forestry, 72(4): 293-304.
20. Mackney, D., Hodgson, J.M., Hollis, J.M., and Staines, S.J. 1983. Legend for the 1:250 000 soil map of England and Wales. Soil Survey of England and Wales, Rothamsted, Harpenden.
21. MAFF. 1986. The analysis of agricultural materials. Reference Book No. 427. HMSO, London.
22. MAFF. 1994. Fertiliser recommendations for agricultural and horticultural crops. Reference Book No. 209. HMSO, London.
23. Mason, W.L., Hooker, J.E., Merilees, D.W., Nelson, D.G., Palmer, H., and Simpson, J. 1993. The impact of a range of establishment practices on tree growth and survival in new farm woodlands in Scotland. In Proceedings Crop Protection in Northern Britain, Dundee, UK, 23-25 March 1993. pp. 307-312.
24. Milthorpe, F.L., and Moorby, J. 1979. An introduction to crop physiology. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
25. Mortimer, A.M. 1990. The biology of weeds. In Weed control handbook: principles. Edited by R.J. Hance and K. Holly. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 23-35.
26. Pyatt, G., Ray, D., and Fletcher, J. 2001. An ecological site classification for forestry in Great Britain. For. Comm. Bull. 124.
27. Richardson, B., Vanner, A., Ray, J., Davenhill, N., and Coker, G. 1996. Mechanisms of Pinus radiata growth suppression by some common forest weed species. N.Z. J. For. Sci. 26: 421-437.
28. Richardson, B., Kimberley, M.O., Ray, J.W., and Coker, G.W. 1999. Indices of interspecific plant competition for Pinus radiata in the central north island of New Zealand. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 898-905.
29. South, D.B., Mitchell, R.J., Zutter, B.R., Balneaves, J.M., Barber, B.L., Nelson, D.G., and Zwolinski, J.B. 1993. Integration of nursery practices and vegetation management: economic and biological potential for improving regeneration. Can. J. For. Res. 23: 2083-2092.
30. Wagner, R.G. 2000. Competition and critical-period thresholds for vegetation management decisions in young conifer stands. For. Chron. 76: 961-968.
31. Wagner, R.G., and Radosevich, S.R. 1998. Neighbourhood approach for quantifying interspecific competition in coastal Oregon forests. Ecol. Appl. 8(3): 779-794.
32. Willoughby, I. 1999. Future alternatives to the use of herbicides in British forestry. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 866-874.
33. Willoughby, I., and Clay, D. 1996. Herbicides for farm woodland and short rotation coppice. For. Comm. Field Book 14.
34. Willoughby, I., and Dewar, J. 1995. The use of herbicides in the forest. For. Comm. Field Book 8.
35. Willoughby, I., and McDonald, H.G. 1999. Vegetation management in farm forestry: a comparison of alternative methods of interrow management. Forestry, 72(2): 109-121.
36. Willoughby, I., Evans, H., Gibbs, J., Pepper, H., Gregory, S., Dewar, J., Nisbet, T., Pratt, J., McKay, H., Siddons, R., Mayle, B., Heritage, S., Ferris, R., and Trout, R. 2004. Reducing pesticide use in forestry. Forestry Commission Practice Guide 15. Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, UK.
37. Wilson, B.J., and Wright, K.J. 1990. Predicting the growth and competitive effect of annual weeds in wheat. Weed Res. 30: 201-211.
38. Zimdahl, R.L. 1999. Fundamentals of weed science. Academic Press, San Diego. pp. 150-151.