메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 381-391

Investigating activated sludge flocs using microanalytical techniques: Demonstration of environmental scanning electron microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry for wastewater applications

Author keywords

Activated sludge; Characterization; Environmental scanning electron microscopy; Imaging; Microanalysis; Principal component analysis; Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS; IMAGING TECHNIQUES; MICROANALYSIS; POLYSACCHARIDES; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PROTEINS;

EID: 33749182830     PISSN: 10614303     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2175/106143005X90092     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (6)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 1642564111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nitrogen functional groups in soil humic acids
    • Abe, T.; Watanabe, A. (2004) X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nitrogen Functional Groups in Soil Humic Acids. Soil Sci., 169, 35.
    • (2004) Soil Sci. , vol.169 , pp. 35
    • Abe, T.1    Watanabe, A.2
  • 2
    • 0002381955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 2: Material science applications
    • Adriaens, A.; vanVaeck, L.; Adams, F. (1999) Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 2: Material Science Applications. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 18, 48.
    • (1999) Mass Spectrom. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 48
    • Adriaens, A.1    VanVaeck, L.2    Adams, F.3
  • 3
    • 0031455291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated sludge floc structure during aerobic digestion
    • Barbusinski, K.; Koscielniak, H. (1997) Activated Sludge Floc Structure During Aerobic Digestion. Water Sci. Technol., 36, 107.
    • (1997) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 107
    • Barbusinski, K.1    Koscielniak, H.2
  • 4
    • 0021477745 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of polymer surfaces by SIMS 4. A study of some acrylic homo- and co-polymers
    • Briggs, D.; Hearn, M. J.; Ratner, B. D. (1984) Analysis of Polymer Surfaces by SIMS 4. A Study of Some Acrylic Homo- and Co-Polymers. Surface Interface Anal., 6, 192.
    • (1984) Surface Interface Anal. , vol.6 , pp. 192
    • Briggs, D.1    Hearn, M.J.2    Ratner, B.D.3
  • 5
    • 0033012170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and comparison of a membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated-sludge system in the treatment of wastewater containing high-molecular-weight compounds
    • Çiçek, N.; Franco, J. P.; Suidan, M. T.; Urbain, V.; Manem, J. (1999) Characterization and Comparison of a Membrane Bioreactor and a Conventional Activated-Sludge System in the Treatment of Wastewater Containing High-Molecular-Weight Compounds. Water Environ. Res., 71, 64.
    • (1999) Water Environ. Res. , vol.71 , pp. 64
    • Çiçek, N.1    Franco, J.P.2    Suidan, M.T.3    Urbain, V.4    Manem, J.5
  • 6
    • 33947711876 scopus 로고
    • Foundations of environmental scanning electron microscopy
    • Danilatos, G. D. (1988) Foundations of Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy. Adv Elect. Elec. Phys., 71, 109.
    • (1988) Adv Elect. Elec. Phys. , vol.71 , pp. 109
    • Danilatos, G.D.1
  • 8
    • 0034579089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of wastewater organic pollution during activated sludge treatment: Nature of residual organic matter
    • Dignac, M.-F.; Ginestet, P.; Rybacki, D.; Bruchet, A.; Urbain, V.; Scribe, P. (2000) Fate of Wastewater Organic Pollution during Activated Sludge Treatment: Nature of Residual Organic Matter. Water Res., 34, 4185.
    • (2000) Water Res. , vol.34 , pp. 4185
    • Dignac, M.-F.1    Ginestet, P.2    Rybacki, D.3    Bruchet, A.4    Urbain, V.5    Scribe, P.6
  • 9
    • 0029966166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial floc stabilization and preparation for structural analysis by correlative microscopy
    • Droppo, I. G.; Flannigan, D. T.; Leppard, G. G.; Liss, S. N. (1996) Microbial Floc Stabilization and Preparation for Structural Analysis by Correlative Microscopy. Water Sci. Technol., 34, 155.
    • (1996) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.34 , pp. 155
    • Droppo, I.G.1    Flannigan, D.T.2    Leppard, G.G.3    Liss, S.N.4
  • 10
    • 0035212107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio on the composition of microbial extracellular polymers in activated sludge
    • Durmaz, B.; Sanin, F. D. (2001) Effect of Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio on the Composition of Microbial Extracellular Polymers in Activated Sludge. Water Sci. Technol., 44, 221.
    • (2001) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 221
    • Durmaz, B.1    Sanin, F.D.2
  • 11
    • 0038317881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the microbial community structure in two activated sludge systems for the advanced treatment of domestic effluents
    • Eschenhagen, M.; Schuppler, M.; Roske, I. (2003) Molecular Characterization of the Microbial Community Structure in Two Activated Sludge Systems for the Advanced Treatment of Domestic Effluents. Water Res., 37, 3224.
    • (2003) Water Res. , vol.37 , pp. 3224
    • Eschenhagen, M.1    Schuppler, M.2    Roske, I.3
  • 12
    • 0030217982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin
    • Frølund, B.; Palmgren, R.; Keiding, K.; Nielsen, P. H. (1996) Extraction of Extracellular Polymers from Activated Sludge Using a Cation Exchange Resin. Water Res., 30, 1749.
    • (1996) Water Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1749
    • Frølund, B.1    Palmgren, R.2    Keiding, K.3    Nielsen, P.H.4
  • 14
    • 0021963864 scopus 로고
    • A further examination into the composition of activated sludge surfaces in relation to their settlement characteristics
    • Goodwin, J. A. S.; Forster, C. F. (1985) A Further Examination into the Composition of Activated Sludge Surfaces in Relation to their Settlement Characteristics. Water Res., 19, 527.
    • (1985) Water Res. , vol.19 , pp. 527
    • Goodwin, J.A.S.1    Forster, C.F.2
  • 16
    • 0027321874 scopus 로고
    • Griffith III, E. M.; Danilatos, G. D. (Eds)
    • Griffith III, E. M.; Danilatos, G. D. (Eds) (1993) Microscopy Research and Technique, 25, 353.
    • (1993) Microscopy Research and Technique , vol.25 , pp. 353
  • 17
    • 0033046134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sorption capacity of long-time aerated activated sludge demonstrated with 2,6-dimethylphenol
    • Gulyas, H.; Heldt, U.; Sekoulov, I. (1999) The Sorption Capacity of Long-Time Aerated Activated Sludge Demonstrated with 2,6-Dimethylphenol. Water Sci. Technol., 39, 138.
    • (1999) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.39 , pp. 138
    • Gulyas, H.1    Heldt, U.2    Sekoulov, I.3
  • 18
    • 0000312241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High resolution surface analysis by ToF-SIMS
    • Hagenhoff, B. (2000) High Resolution Surface Analysis by ToF-SIMS, Mikrochimica Acta., 132, 259.
    • (2000) Mikrochimica Acta. , vol.132 , pp. 259
    • Hagenhoff, B.1
  • 19
    • 0026617428 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of wastewater for modeling of activated sludge processes
    • Henze, M. (1992) Characterization of Wastewater for Modeling of Activated Sludge Processes. Water Sci. Technol., 25, 1.
    • (1992) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.25 , pp. 1
    • Henze, M.1
  • 20
    • 0030934659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of cations on the settling and dewatering of activated sludges: Laboratory results
    • Higgins, M.; Novak, J. T. (1997) The Effect of Cations on the Settling and Dewatering of Activated Sludges: Laboratory Results. Water Environ. Res., 69, 215.
    • (1997) Water Environ. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 215
    • Higgins, M.1    Novak, J.T.2
  • 21
    • 16544376992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case study I: Application of the divalent cation bridging theory to improve biofloc properties and industrial activated sludge system performance-direct addition of divalent cation
    • Higgins, M. J.; Tom, L. A.; Sobeck, D. C. (2004) Case Study I: Application of the Divalent Cation Bridging Theory to Improve Biofloc Properties and Industrial Activated Sludge System Performance-Direct Addition of Divalent Cation. Water Environ. Res., 76, 344.
    • (2004) Water Environ. Res. , vol.76 , pp. 344
    • Higgins, M.J.1    Tom, L.A.2    Sobeck, D.C.3
  • 23
    • 0027675797 scopus 로고
    • Removal of organic micropollutants in laboratory activated sludge reactors under various operating conditions: Sorption
    • Jacobsen, B. N.; Syholm, N.; Pedersen, B. M.; Poulsen, O.; Ostfeldt, P. (1993) Removal of Organic Micropollutants in Laboratory Activated Sludge Reactors Under Various Operating Conditions: Sorption. Water Res., 27, 1505.
    • (1993) Water Res. , vol.27 , pp. 1505
    • Jacobsen, B.N.1    Syholm, N.2    Pedersen, B.M.3    Poulsen, O.4    Ostfeldt, P.5
  • 25
    • 0026709894 scopus 로고
    • Towards a comprehensive model of activated sludge bulking and foaming
    • Jenkins, D. (1992) Towards a Comprehensive Model of Activated Sludge Bulking and Foaming. Water Sci. Technol., 25, 215.
    • (1992) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.25 , pp. 215
    • Jenkins, D.1
  • 28
    • 0035255595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability
    • Liao, B. Q.; Allen, D. G.; Droppo, I. G.; Leppard, G. G.; Liss, S. N. (2001) Surface Properties of Sludge and their Role in Bioflocculation and Settleability. Water Res., 35, 339.
    • (2001) Water Res. , vol.35 , pp. 339
    • Liao, B.Q.1    Allen, D.G.2    Droppo, I.G.3    Leppard, G.G.4    Liss, S.N.5
  • 31
    • 0028366599 scopus 로고
    • A sludge biotic index (SBI) for the evaluation of the biological performance of activated-sludge plants based on the microfauna analysis
    • Madoni, P. (1994) A Sludge Biotic Index (SBI) for the Evaluation of the Biological Performance of Activated-Sludge Plants based on the Microfauna Analysis. Water Res., 28, 67.
    • (1994) Water Res. , vol.28 , pp. 67
    • Madoni, P.1
  • 32
    • 0027917389 scopus 로고
    • Static secondary ion mass spectrometry of adsorbed proteins
    • Mantus, D. S.; Ratner, B. D.; Carlson, B. A.; Moulder, J. F. (1993) Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Adsorbed Proteins. Anal. Chem., 65, 1431.
    • (1993) Anal. Chem. , vol.65 , pp. 1431
    • Mantus, D.S.1    Ratner, B.D.2    Carlson, B.A.3    Moulder, J.F.4
  • 33
    • 0035662736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confocal and light microscope examination of protozoa and other microorganisms in the bIofilms from a rotating biological contactor wastewater treatment
    • Martin-Cereceda, M.; Alvarez, A. M.; Serrrano, S.; Guinea, A. (2001) Confocal and Light Microscope Examination of Protozoa and Other Microorganisms in the BIofilms from a Rotating Biological Contactor Wastewater Treatment Plant. Acta Protozool., 40, 263.
    • (2001) Acta Protozool. , vol.40 , pp. 263
    • Martin-Cereceda, M.1    Alvarez, A.M.2    Serrrano, S.3    Guinea, A.4
  • 34
    • 33749315269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, Personal communication
    • Murthy, S. (2004) Washington, D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, Personal communication.
    • (2004)
    • Murthy, S.1
  • 35
    • 0011977428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newbury, D. E.; Griffith, E.; (Eds)
    • Newbury, D. E.; Griffith, E.; (Eds) (1996) Scanning, 18, 465.
    • (1996) Scanning , vol.18 , pp. 465
  • 36
    • 0031396641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newbury, D. E.; Griffith, E.; (Eds)
    • Newbury, D. E.; Griffith, E.; (Eds) (1997) Scanning, 19, 70.
    • (1997) Scanning , vol.19 , pp. 70
  • 37
    • 0032007566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disintegration of activated sludge flocs in presence of sulfide
    • Nielsen, P. H.; Keiding, K. (1998) Disintegration of Activated Sludge Flocs in Presence of Sulfide. Water Res., 32, 313.
    • (1998) Water Res. , vol.32 , pp. 313
    • Nielsen, P.H.1    Keiding, K.2
  • 38
    • 0036692804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ToF-SIMS mapping of dialkylphthalate and bisphenol-A adsorbed on small particles
    • Ono, N.; Sakamoto, T.; Owari, M.; Nihei, Y. (2002) ToF-SIMS Mapping of Dialkylphthalate and Bisphenol-A Adsorbed on Small Particles. Surface Interface Anal., 34, 302.
    • (2002) Surface Interface Anal. , vol.34 , pp. 302
    • Ono, N.1    Sakamoto, T.2    Owari, M.3    Nihei, Y.4
  • 39
    • 0035011941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SEM-EDS for determining the phosphorus content in activated sludge EPS
    • Oosthuizen, D. J.; Cloete, T. E. (2001) SEM-EDS for Determining the Phosphorus Content in Activated Sludge EPS. Water Sci. Technol., 43, 105.
    • (2001) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 105
    • Oosthuizen, D.J.1    Cloete, T.E.2
  • 40
    • 0001534437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging with Mass Spectrometry
    • Pacholski, M. L.; Winograd, N. (1999) Imaging with Mass Spectrometry. Chem. Rev., 99, 2977.
    • (1999) Chem. Rev. , vol.99 , pp. 2977
    • Pacholski, M.L.1    Winograd, N.2
  • 41
    • 84904246868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of floc structure and predicting sludge digestibility using different cation-associated EPS extraction methods
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, October 2-6; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia
    • Park, C.; Abu-Orf, M.; Novak, J. (2004) Analysis of Floc Structure and Predicting Sludge Digestibility Using Different Cation-Associated EPS Extraction Methods. Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 77th Annual Technicall Exposition and Conference [CD-ROM], New Orleans, Louisiana, October 2-6; Water Environment Federation: Alexandria, Virginia.
    • (2004) Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 77th Annual Technicall Exposition and Conference [CD-ROM]
    • Park, C.1    Abu-Orf, M.2    Novak, J.3
  • 42
    • 0030088412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iron reduction in activated sludge measured with different extraction techniques
    • Rasmussen, H.; Nielsen, P. H. (1996) Iron Reduction in Activated Sludge Measured with Different Extraction Techniques. Water Res., 30, 551.
    • (1996) Water Res. , vol.30 , pp. 551
    • Rasmussen, H.1    Nielsen, P.H.2
  • 44
    • 0030200038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic sludge: A physical/chemical model in understanding bioflocculation
    • Sanin, F. D.; Vesilind, P. A. (1996) Synthetic Sludge: A Physical/Chemical Model in Understanding Bioflocculation. Water Environ. Res., 68, 927.
    • (1996) Water Environ. Res. , vol.68 , pp. 927
    • Sanin, F.D.1    Vesilind, P.A.2
  • 45
    • 0017930141 scopus 로고
    • A unified theory of filamentous activated sludge bulking
    • Sezgin, M.; Jenkins, D.; Parker, D. (1978) A Unified Theory of Filamentous Activated Sludge Bulking. J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed., 50, 362.
    • (1978) J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed. , vol.50 , pp. 362
    • Sezgin, M.1    Jenkins, D.2    Parker, D.3
  • 46
    • 0037293211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrochemical removal of fluoride ions from industrial wastewater
    • Shen, F.; Chen, X.; Gao, P.; Chen, G. (2003) Electrochemical Removal of Fluoride Ions from Industrial Wastewater. Chem. Engr. Sci., 58, 987.
    • (2003) Chem. Engr. Sci. , vol.58 , pp. 987
    • Shen, F.1    Chen, X.2    Gao, P.3    Chen, G.4
  • 47
    • 0004992534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental SEM and X-Ray microanalysis of biological materials
    • Sigee, D. C. (1998) Environmental SEM and X-Ray Microanalysis of Biological Materials. Mikrochim. Acta, 15 (Suppl.), 283.
    • (1998) Mikrochim. Acta , vol.15 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 283
    • Sigee, D.C.1
  • 48
    • 0031790271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology, in-situ characterization with rDNA targeted probes and respiratory quinone profiles of enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge
    • Sudiana, I. M.; Mino, T.; Satoh, H.; Matsuo, T. (1998) Morphology, In-Situ Characterization with rDNA Targeted Probes and Respiratory Quinone Profiles of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Sludge. Water Sci. Technol., 38, 69.
    • (1998) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 69
    • Sudiana, I.M.1    Mino, T.2    Satoh, H.3    Matsuo, T.4
  • 49
    • 0034868421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulating biological samples for environmental scanning electron microscopy observation
    • Tai, S. S. W.; Tang, X. M. (2001) Manipulating Biological Samples for Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation. Scanning, 23, 267.
    • (2001) Scanning , vol.23 , pp. 267
    • Tai, S.S.W.1    Tang, X.M.2
  • 50
    • 0012099079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SurfaceSpectra Limited: Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Tyler, B. I. (2001). In ToF-SIMS Image Analysis. SurfaceSpectra Limited: Manchester, United Kingdom, p. 475-493.
    • (2001) In ToF-SIMS Image Analysis , pp. 475-493
    • Tyler, B.I.1
  • 51
    • 0027596185 scopus 로고
    • Bioflocculation in activated sludge: An analytical approach
    • Urbain, V.; Block, J. C.; Manem, J. (1993) Bioflocculation in Activated Sludge: An Analytical Approach. Water Res., 27, 829.
    • (1993) Water Res. , vol.27 , pp. 829
    • Urbain, V.1    Block, J.C.2    Manem, J.3
  • 52
    • 0037098882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic nitrogen in geomacromolecules: Insights on speciation and transformation with K-Edge XANES spectroscopy
    • Vairavamurthy, A.; Wang, S. (2002) Organic Nitrogen in Geomacromolecules: Insights on Speciation and Transformation with K-Edge XANES Spectroscopy. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3050.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 3050
    • Vairavamurthy, A.1    Wang, S.2
  • 53
    • 0030111634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete degradation of xenobiotic surfactants by consortia of aerobic microorganisms
    • VanGinkel, C. G. (1996) Complete Degradation of Xenobiotic Surfactants by Consortia of Aerobic Microorganisms. Biodegradation, 7, 151.
    • (1996) Biodegradation , vol.7 , pp. 151
    • Vanginkel, C.G.1
  • 54
    • 0009813642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Static Secondary ion mass spectrometry: (S-SIMS) Part 1. Methadology and structural interpretation
    • van Vaeck, L.; Adraens, A.; Gijbels, R. (1999) Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry: (S-SIMS) Part 1. Methadology and Structural Interpretation. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 18, 1.
    • (1999) Mass Spectrom. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 1
    • Vaeck, L.1    Adraens, A.2    Gijbels, R.3
  • 55
    • 5144229668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximizing information obtained from secondary ion mass spectra of organic thin films using multivariate analysis
    • Wagner, M. S.; Graham, D. J.; Ratner, B. D.; Castner, D. G. (2004) Maximizing Information Obtained from Secondary Ion Mass Spectra of Organic Thin Films using Multivariate Analysis. Surface Sci., 570, 78.
    • (2004) Surface Sci. , vol.570 , pp. 78
    • Wagner, M.S.1    Graham, D.J.2    Ratner, B.D.3    Castner, D.G.4
  • 56
    • 0041693843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Denoising and multivariate analysis of time-of-flight SIMS images
    • Wickes, B. T.; Kim, Y.; Castner, D. G. (2003) Denoising and Multivariate Analysis of Time-of-Flight SIMS Images. Surface Interface Anal., 35, 640.
    • (2003) Surface Interface Anal. , vol.35 , pp. 640
    • Wickes, B.T.1    Kim, Y.2    Castner, D.G.3
  • 57
    • 0034811594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental data and model simulations of beam spread in the environmental scanning electron microscope
    • Wight, S. A. (2001) Experimental Data and Model Simulations of Beam Spread in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope. Scanning, 23, 320.
    • (2001) Scanning , vol.23 , pp. 320
    • Wight, S.A.1
  • 58
    • 0034493678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of electron beam scattering in the environmental scanning electron microscope using phosphor imaging plates
    • Wight, S. A.; Zeissler, C. J. (2000) Direct Measurement of Electron Beam Scattering in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope Using Phosphor Imaging Plates. Scanning, 22, 167.
    • (2000) Scanning , vol.22 , pp. 167
    • Wight, S.A.1    Zeissler, C.J.2
  • 59
    • 0030950026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floc size distribution and bacterial activities in membrane separation activated sludge processes for small-scale wastewater treatment/reclamation
    • Zhang, B.; Yamamoto, K.; Ohgaki, S.; Kamiko, N. (1997) Floc Size Distribution and Bacterial Activities in Membrane Separation Activated Sludge Processes for Small-Scale Wastewater Treatment/Reclamation. Water Sci. Technol., 35, 37.
    • (1997) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.35 , pp. 37
    • Zhang, B.1    Yamamoto, K.2    Ohgaki, S.3    Kamiko, N.4
  • 60
    • 0031804060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of polysaccharides and proteins in biofilm extracellular polymers
    • Zhang, X.; Bishop, P. L.; Kupferle, M. J. (1998) Measurement of Polysaccharides and Proteins in Biofilm Extracellular Polymers. Water Sci. Technol., 37, 345.
    • (1998) Water Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 345
    • Zhang, X.1    Bishop, P.L.2    Kupferle, M.J.3
  • 61
    • 0031035092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bacterial cell surface structures and hydrophobicity of attachment to activated sludge flocs
    • Zita, A.; Hermansson, M. (1997) Effects of Bacterial Cell Surface Structures and Hydrophobicity of Attachment to Activated Sludge Flocs. App. Environ. Microbiol., 63, 1168.
    • (1997) App. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.63 , pp. 1168
    • Zita, A.1    Hermansson, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.