Anglicanism and nationalism in Australia, 1901-1962

Journal of Religious History

Volumn 23, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 215-233

  Fletcher, Brian H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749179933     PISSN: 00224227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9809.00083     Document Type: Review

References (175)

1. See, for example, I. Breward, A History of the Australian Churches (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1993);
2. H. M. Carey, Believing in Australia, A Cultural History of Religions (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1996);
3. H. Jackson, Churches and People in Australia and Afevv Zealand, 1860-1930 (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1987);
4. R. C. Thompson, Religion in Australia: A History (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1994).
5. See also, B. Kaye, A Church Without Walls: Being Anglican in Australia (Melbourne: Harper Collins, 1995):
6. B. Kaye, Australian Identity and the Anglican Church, Australian College of Theology Occasional Papers, no. 1;
7. C. Holden, Ritualist on a Tricycle: Church, Nationalism and Society in Western Australia, 1880-1920 (Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press, 1997);
8. D. Hilliard, "Anglicanism," R. Ely, "Anglican" and "Anglo-Australian," "Australian Religious Culture," Cultural History 7 (1998): 65-82;
9. R. Frappell, "The Anglican Ministry to the Unsettled Rural Districts of Australia c.1890-1940" (PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 1991).
10. For writings on the church in England see especially, D. Jenkins, The British, Their Identity and Their Religion (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968);
11. K. Robbins, Nineteenth-Century Britain: Integration and Diversity (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988);
12. K. Robbins, Religion and National Identity, Studies in Church History, No. 18 (Oxford: Blackwell for the Ecclesastical History Society, London, 1982);
13. L. Colley, Britons, Forging the Nation, 1707-1837 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
14. Diocese of Sydney Yearbooks, 1901-54, Commonwealth Year Book, 1960.
15. "Churchgoing in Australia," Current Affairs Bulletin (June 1958);
16. H. Mol, Religion in Australia, A Sociological Investigation (Melbourne: Thomas Nelson, 1971);
17. W. W. Phillips, "The Social Composition of the Religious Denominations in late Nineteenth-Century Australia," Church Heritage 88 (1985).
18. "The Church of England I would say," observed Bishop Moyes, "is rather largely the church of the middle class." Lambeth Conference Papers, 7-11 July 1958. Lambeth Palace Library MS LC, fol. 278.
19. J. Davis, Australian Anglicans and their Constitution (Canberra: Acorn Press, 1993).
20. K. J. Clements, "The Episcopacy of Ernest Burgmann," St Mark's Review 50 (1967): 7.
21. On the Lambeth experience see especially A. M. G. Stephenson, Anglicanism and the Lambeth Conferences (London: SPCK, 1978).
22. Hilliard to Fisher, 21 March 1956, Fisher Papers, Vol. 165, Lambeth Palace Library, fol. 106;
23. J. West, Innings of Grace: A life of Bishop W. G. Hilliard (Rozelle: Standard Publishing House, 1987), 135-7.
24. J. S. Moyes, In Journeyings Often (Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1949), 50.
25. Clements, "Ernest Henry Burgmann," 7.
26. D. Hilliard, "The Ties That Used to Bind: A Fresh Look at the History of Australian Anglicanism," Pacifica 11 (1998): 272-3;
27. D. Hilliard, "Anglicanism," 69-71.
28. Quoted in J. Kent, William Temple, Church, State and Society in Britain, 1880-1950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 35.
29. E. Burgmann, "The Church and the World Crisis," Church Standard, 15 October 1948.
30. F. de Witt Batty, Newcastle Diocesan Yearbook, 1945, 94.
31. Bishop R. S. Hay, Address to Tasmanian Synod, Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1923, 32.
32. "The Anglo-Saxon Destiny," Church of England Messenger, 29 November 1918;
33. Church Standard, 21 April 1916.
34. Australian Churchman, 20 July 1901.
35. Adelaide Diocesan Yearbook, 1933, 96.
36. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1923, 32.
37. Soulhern Churchman, 1 November 1951.
38. Bishop A. N. Thomas, Adelaide Diocesan Yearbook, 1916, 124.
39. Empire Day Address of Primate, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 1910.
40. Quoted in K. Rayner, "The History of the Church of England in Queensland" (PhD thesis, University of Queensland, 1962), 426.
41. Royal Colonial Institute Yearbook, 1912, 1914, T. R. Reese, The History of the Royal Commonwealth Society, 1868-1968 (London: Oxford University Press, 1968).
42. The History of the Victoria League for Commonwealth Friendship in Australia, 1901-1986, compiled by the National Committee Western Australia, 1986-8: The Victoria League in N.S.W. Newcastle Branch: A History, 1922-1982 (Newcastle, 1988);
43. Southern Churchman, 1 July 1926.
44. L. Foster, High Hopes: The Men and Motives of the Australian Round Table (Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1986).
45. A. P. Kidd, "The Brisbane Episcopate of St Clair Donaldson, 1904-1921" (PhD thesis, University of Queensland, 1996), 192-219;
46. Foster, 23-4.
47. F. B. Boyce, Fourscore Years and Seven (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1934), 112-24.
48. See also the documents relating to Boyce in F. Temple, Official Letters 1899, Temple Papers, vol. 20, Lambeth Palace Library, fols. 267-87.
49. Minute Books, British Empire Union in Australia Records, Mitchell Library MS 1532, 1 and 2.
50. Boyce, 121-2.
51. Australian Churchman, 2 May 1908.
52. F. B. Boyce, Should There be a Federal Synod for the Anglican Church? (Sydney: W. Andrews, 1920);
53. Church Standard, 28 May, 29 July, 22 August, 10 December 1920.
54. Speech of Bishop H. H. Montgomery, Pan Anglican Congress, 1908, Section F, Lambeth Palace Library, fol. 217.
55. M. French, "'One People, One Destiny'- a Question of Loyalty: The Origin of Empire Day in New South Wales, 1900-1905," Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 61 (1975): 236-48;
56. M. French, "The Ambiguity of Empire Day in New South Wales, 1901-21: Imperial Consensus or National Division?" Australian Journal of Politics and History, 24 (1978): 61-74;
57. J. Arnold et al., eds., Out of Empire: The British Dominion of Australia (Melbourne: Mandarin Press, 1993);
58. F. S. Boyce, Empire Day (Sydney: W. Blanchard, 1905).
59. Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 1910.
60. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1922, 40.
61. W. G. Hilliard, Speech at Annual Dinner Royal Empire Society New South Wales Branch, 25 May 1931, copy in Mitchell Library, Sydney.
62. Empire Day Address by Bishop Radford of Goulburn (Sydney: British Empire League Women's Branch, 1907).
63. Sydney Morning Herald, 22 May 1920.
64. See also address of Archbishop Wright, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 1910;
65. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1931, 42.
66. Sydney Morning Herald, 23 May 1921.
67. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1952, 51.
68. D. A. Garnsey, "E. H. Burgmarui: A Great Australian," St Mark's Review 50 (1967): 17.
69. Church of England Messenger, 31 January 1936.
70. E. H. Burgmann, Notes on the Coronation of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Goulburn: Johnston and Davis, 1952).
71. Church of England Messenger, 22 January 1954.
72. "Majesty," Church of England Messenger, 11 June 1920;
73. "King's Silver Jubilee," Drover, 1 May 1935;
74. editorial on George VI, Church Standard, 15 February 1952;
75. Le Fanu on Death of George V, Church of England Messenger, 3 January 1936.
76. Church Standard, 4 December 1936.
77. Burgmann, Notes on the Coronation;
78. Burgmann, "Constitutional Kingship," Church Standard, 14 March 1952;
79. Burgmann, "British Kingship," Anglican Review (February 1950): 3-4.
80. Church of England Messenger, 1 August 1949.
81. G. White, "Some Problems of Northern Australia," Victorian Geographical Journal 25 (1907): 62; Rayner, 416.
82. Newcastle Diocesan Churchman, 2 March 1935, article by Canon Garland.
83. Church Standard, 18 June, 2 July 1926;
84. Newcastle Diocesan Yearbook, 1926, 77-83.
85. "There is no race prejudice in Australia," stated Canon Garland, Newcastle Diocesan Churchman, 2 February 1925.
86. Church of England Messenger, 4 January 1935.
87. Report of General Synod 1905, 73.
88. J, S. Moyes, Australia: The Church and the Future (Sydney: Robert Dey, 1942), 74
89. Southern Churchman, 1 May 1948.
90. Brisbane Diocesan Yearbook, 1949, 99;
91. Rayner, 551-2.
92. C. Stokes, ed., "White Australia": Time for a Change? (Sydney: New South Wales Association for Immigration Reform, 1962), 9-14.
93. Church of England Messenger, 28 April 1961.
94. For the general background see M. Roe, Australia, Britain and Migration, 1915-1940 (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1995).
95. For Empire Settlement see Fisher Papers vol. 27, fols. 311-29;
96. vol. 140, fols. 340-7, Lambeth Palace Library;
97. P. A. Micklem, "Sermon St James." Church Standard, 19 March 1926;
98. Northern Queensland Diocesan Yearbook, 1904-5, 24.
99. The Willochran, 1 January 1945; also 1 April 1945.
100. Church of England Messenger, 15 February 1957.
101. Address of Moyes, Lambeth Conference, Conference Proceedings, 7-11 July 1958, Pt 1, fol. 281, L.C. 192, Lambeth Palace Library.
102. See also Anglican, 17 April 1953.
103. Anglican, 4 October 1957.
104. Rayner, 528.
105. See, for example, the series on "The Principle of Nationality in the Anglican Communion," Church Standard. 20. 27 August. 3. 10. 17, 24 September 1915.
106. Batty to Burgmann, 30 November 1937, Correspondence, Bishops' Records, Newcastle University Archives, AB6600 in A6759.
107. Moyes, in Stokes, Time for a Change, 13.
108. Wand, "Place of Nationalism in Religion," Church Standard, 8 November 1940.
109. Church Standard, 2 August 1937.
110. "Address to Synod," Armidale Diocesan Yearbook, 1921, 10.
111. See also the similar claim by Bishop Stephen of Newcastle, Newcastle Diocesan Yearbook, 79-80.
112. St Clair Donaldson, Address to Lambeth Conference, "Christianity and International Relations," Minutes, vol. 1, 5-7 July 1920, LC 105, Lambeth Palace Library.
113. Pan Anglican Congress, 1908, Section F, The Anglican Communion, Lambeth Palace Library.
114. Southern Churchman, 1 June 1934.
115. See the observations of Bishop Moyes, Church Standard, 27 October 1944.
116. North Queensland Diocesan Yearbook, 1931, 16.
117. Melbourne Diocesan Yearbook, 1912, 10;
118. T. B. McCall, Life and Letters of J. S, Hart (Sydney: Church of England Information Trust, 1963), 118.
119. F. Alexander, ed., Four Bishops and their See (Nedlands: University of Western Australia Press, 1957), 101.
120. Newcastle Diocesan Yearbook, 1954, 90;
121. "A Great Bishop Retires," Anglican, 11 July 1958.
122. Goulhurn Diocesan Yearbook, 1937, 1 ff
123. See also Burgmann's Address, "The Making of a Nation," Southern Churchman, 1 June 1934;
124. P. Hempenstall, The Meddlesome Priest: A Life of Ernest Burgmann (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1993), 256-60.
125. Batty to Burgmann, 30 November 1937, Correspondence, Bishops' Records, Newcastle University Archives, AB6600 in Box A6759;
126. B. H. Fletcher, Church Leadership in an Age of Crisis: Francis de Witt Batty, Bishop of Newcastle, 1931-1958, Morpeth Lecture, 1996 (Sydney, 1997).
127. Church Standard, 20 March 1936.
128. Moyes, Australia;
129. E. H. Burgmann, The Education of An Australian (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1944)
130. E. H. Burgmann, Whither Australia? (Morpeth: St John's College Press, 1932).
131. Henderson, "The Australian Temperament as a Problem for the Church," Church Standard, 28 October, 11, 16 November 1921, 13, 27 January, 17 February, 10 March, 28 April 1924;
132. "Anglicanism in Australian Life," Church Standard, 9, 16, 23 June 1950:
133. Khaki and Cassock (Melbourne: Melville & Mullen, 1919);
134. "Australia From the Inside," Anglican Review (January 1948): 24-6;
135. R. Trumble, Kenneth Thome Henderson, Broadcaster of the Word (Richmond: Spectrum Publications, 1988).
136. "Address to North Queensland Synod," Church Standard, 14 July 1922.
137. P. A. Micklem, Principles of Church Organisation (London: SPCK, 1921), 134.
138. "A Charge to Goulburn Synod," Southern Churchman, 1 December 1937.
139. Kidd, "St Clair Donaldson", chap. 13: "Address to Synod." Brisbane Diocesan Yearbook, 1906, 35-6.
140. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1927, 40.
141. Micklem, Church Organisation, 140.
142. Adelaide Diocesan Yearbook, 1921, 87.
143. Church Standard, 20 August 1923.
144. Goulburn Diocesan Yearbook, 1909. 28: 1914, 15;
145. Church of England Messenger, 24 March, 19 May 1927, 28 October 1932;
146. Church Standard, 23 October 1914, 6 May 1927;
147. Melbourne Diocesan Yearbook, 1928, 170;
148. Perth Diocesan Yearbook, 1927;
149. H. J. Gibney. Canberra, 1913-1953 (Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1988), 116-17.
150. Burgmann, "Canterbury and Canberra," Anglican Review (January 1948): 28;
151. Church Standard, 22 September 1950;
152. Southern Churchman, 1 August, 1 November 1951. 1 April, 1 May 1955, 1 June 1956.
153. Church Standard, 15 November 1940;
154. Goulburn Diocesan Yearbook, 1912, 29.
155. Holden, Ritualist on a Tricycle, 154-7;
156. Tasmanian Diocesan Yearbook, 1901;
157. Church Commonwealth, 6 September 1900.
158. Report of General Synod, 1900, 15-16; 1910, 37.
159. Adelaide Diocesan Yearbook, 1912, 124; 1921, 87; 1926. 101;
160. Church Chronicle (Brisbane), 2 July 1923.
161. Church Standard, 8 October 1915;
162. E. H. Burgmann, "An Australian Catholic Church," Anglican Review 6 (May 1954).
163. See also the letter by D. P. Evans-Jones, Church Standard, 20, 27 August 1926.
164. Lambeth Conference, 8 July 1920, LC 146, fols. 72-3, 199, Lambeth Palace Library.
165. Report of General Synod, 1910, 30, 37.
166. Melbourne Diocesan Yearbook, 1919, 7;
167. Southern Churchman, 1 August 1919.
168. Church Standard. 30 November 1945, 23, 30 August, 30 September 1946;
169. See also Bishop Green, "Clergy for Australia," Australian Church Congress, 1902, 220;
170. Bishop Cranswick in Church of England Messenger, 27 May 1921.
171. See especially R. Frappell, "The Anglican Ministry to the Unsettled Rural Districts of Australia." 341 ff. Interestingly, the Bathurst diocesan newspaper bore the title of the Drover.
172. Church Standard, 9 November 1928.
173. "An Australian Catholic Church," Anglican Review 4 (May 1954);
174. R. Stuart Watts, "Theological Thought in Australia," Theology 39 (October 1939).
175. See also the editorial by Alan Walker in St Mark's Review (May 1972): 1-4.