Genetic diversity in steelhead before and after conservation hatchery operation in a coastal, boreal river

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society

Volumn 135, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 251-267

  Heggenes, Jan ^a,b   Beere, Mark ^c   Tamkee, Patrick ^b   Taylor, Eric B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OSLO   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c Fisheries Skeena Region   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIOASSAY; BROOD STOCK; FISH; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; GENETIC MARKER; GENETIC STRUCTURE; GENETIC VARIATION; HATCHERY; SPECIES CONSERVATION;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; KITIMAT RIVER; NORTH AMERICA;

ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS;

EID: 33749169172     PISSN: 00028487     EISSN: 15488659     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1577/T05-084.1     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Adkison, M. D. 1995. Population differentiation in Pacific salmon: local adaptation, genetic drift, or the environment? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52:2762-2777.
2. Anonymous. 2003. British Columbia steelhead harvest questionnaire, 1968-2003. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Fisheries Branch, Victoria.
3. Banks, M. A., M. S. Blouin, B. A. Baldwin, V. K. Rashbrook, H. A. Fitzgerald, S. M. Blakenship, and D. Hedgecock. 1999. Isolation and inheritance of novel microsatellites in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Journal of Heredity 90:281-288.
4. Beacham, T. D., S. Pollard, and K. D. Le. 1999. Population structure and stock identification of steelhead in southern British Columbia, Washington, and the Columbia river based on microsatellite DNA variation. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 128:1068-1084.
5. Beacham, T. D., S. Pollard, and K. D. Le. 2000. Microsatellite DNA population structure and stock identification of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Nass and Skeena rivers in Northern British Columbia. Marine Biotechnology 2:587-600.
6. Behnke, R. J. 1992. Native trout of Western North America. American Fisheries Society, Monograph 6, Bethesda, Maryland.
7. Blouin, M. 2003. Relative reproductive success of hatchery and wild steelhead in the Hood River. Final Report, Bonneville Power Administration Intergovernmental Contract 9245, Project 1988-053-12, and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Interagency Agreement 001-2007s, Portland.
8. Brannon, E. L., D. F. Amend, M. A. Cronin, J. E. Lannan, S. LaPatra, W. J. McNeil, R. E. Noble, C. E. Smith, A. J. Talbot, G. A. Wedenmeyer, and H. Westers. 2004. The controversy about salmon hatcheries. Fisheries 29(9):12-31.
9. Busby, P. J., T. C. Wainwright, G. J. Bryant, L. J. Lierheimer, R. S. Waples, F. W. Waknitz, and I. V. Lagomarsino. 1996. Status review of West Coast steelhead from Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and California. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-27.
10. Caughley, G., and A. Gunn. 1996. Conservation biology in theory and practice. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
11. Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and A. W. F. Edwards. 1967. Phylogenetic analysis: models and estimation procedures. Evolution 21:550-570.
12. Chilcote, M. W. 2003. Relationship between the natural productivity and the frequency of wild fish in mixed spawning populations of wild and hatchery steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:1057-1067.
13. Chilcote, M. W., S. A. Leider, and J. J. Loch. 1986. Differential reproductive success of hatchery and wild summer-run steelhead under natural conditions. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 115:726-735.
14. Chudyk, B., M. Whately, and M. Morris. 1977. Life history of Kitimat River steelhead trout from anglers' catches in 1976 and 1977. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Skeena Fisheries Report 11, Smithers, British Columbia.
15. Cornuet, J.-M., and G. Luikart. 1997. Description and power analysis of two tests for detecting recent bottlenecks. Genetics 144:2001-2014.
16. Englbrecht, C. C., U. Schliewen, and D. Tautz. 2002. The impact of stocking on the genetic integrity of Arctic char (Salvelinus) populations from the Alpine region. Molecular Ecology 11:1017-1027.
17. Felsenstein, J. 1993. Phylip (Phylogeny Inference Package), version 3.5c. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle.
18. Fleming, I. A., K. Hindar, I. B. Mjølnerød, B. Jonsson, T. Balstad, and A. Lamberg. 2000. Lifetime success and interactions of farm salmon invading a native population. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 267:1517-1523.
19. Ford, M. J. 2002. Selection in captivity during supportive breeding may reduce fitness in the wild. Conservation Biology 16:815-825.
20. Ford, M. J. 2004. Conservation units and preserving diversity. Pages 338-357 in A. P. Hendry and S. C. Stearns, editors. Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, New York.
21. Garant, D., J. J. Dodson, and L. Bernatchez. 2000. Ecological determinants and temporal stability of the within-river population structure in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Molecular Ecology 9:615-628.
22. Garcia-Marin, J. L., N. Sanz, and C. Pla. 1999. Erosion of the native genetic resources of brown trout in Spain. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 8:151-158.
23. Goudet, J. 1995. FSTAT, version 1.2: a computer program to calculate F-statistics. Journal of Heredity 86:485-486.
24. Goudet, J. 1999. PCA-GEN for Windows. Institute of Ecology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
25. Goudet, J. 2002. FSTAT, version 2.9.3 user manual. Available: http://www2.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html.
26. Hansen, N. M. 2002. Estimating the long-term effects of stocking domesticated trout into wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations: an approach using microsatellite DNA analysis of historical and contemporary samples. Molecular Ecology 11:1003-1015.
27. Hansen, M. M., D. E. Ruzzante, E. E. Nielsen, and K. L. E. Mensberg. 2000. Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA polymorphism reveals life-history-dependent interbreeding between hatchery and wild brown trout (Salmo trutta L.). Molecular Ecology 9:583-594.
28. Hartl, D. L., and A. G. Clark. 1989. Principles of population genetics. Sinauer Associated Press, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
29. Heath, D. D., S. Pollard, and C. M. Herbinger. 2001. Genetic structure and relationships among steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations in British Columbia. Hereditas 86:618-627.
30. Heath, D. D., C. Busch, J. Kelly, and D. Atagi. 2002. Temporal change in genetic structure and effective population size in steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Molecular Ecology 11:197-214.
31. Heggenes, J., M. C. Beere, P. Tamkee, and E. B. Taylor. 2004. Microsatellite diversity assessment of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population structure before and after hatchery operation in the Kitimat River, British Columbia. Habitat Trust Conservation Fund, Victoria, British Columbia.
32. Hendry, M. A., J. K. Wenburg, K. W. Myers, and A. P. Hendry. 2002. Genetic and phenotypic variation through the migratory season provides evidence for multiple populations of wild steelhead in the Dean River, British Columbia. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131:418-434.
33. Heywood, V. H. 1995. Global biodiversity assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
34. Hindar, K., N. Ryman, and F. Utter. 1991. Genetic effects of cultured fish on natural fish populations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48:945-957.
35. Knudsen, K. L., C. C. Muhlfeld, G. K. Sage, and R. F. Leary. 2002. Genetic structure of Columbia River redband trout populations in the Kootenai River drainage, Montana, revealed by microsatellite and allozyme loci. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 131:1093-1105.
36. Kostow, K. E. 2004. Differences in juvenile phenotypes and survival between hatchery stocks and a natural population provide evidence for modified selection due to captive breeding. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61:577-589.
37. Kostow, K. E., A. R. Marshal, and S. R. Phelps. 2003. Naturally spawning hatchery steelhead contribute to smolt production but experience low reproductive success. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 138:780-790.
38. Luikart, G., F. W. Allendorf, J.-M. Cornuet, and W. B. Sherwin. 1998. Distortion of allele frequency distributions provides a test of recent population bottlenecks. Journal of Heredity 89:238-247.
39. Lynch, M., and M. O'Hely. 2001. Captive breeding and the genetic fitness of natural populations. Conservation Genetics 2:363-378.
40. McLean, J. E., P. Bentzen, and T. P. Quinn. 2003. Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead trout through the adult stage. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60:433-440.
41. Miller, M. P. 1997. Tools for population genetic analysis (TFPGA) 1.3: a Windows program for the analysis of allozyme and molecular population genetic data. Distributed by the author.
42. Miller, L. M., T. Close, and R. Kapuscinski. 2004. Lower fitness of hatchery and hybrid rainbow trout compared to naturalized populations in Lake Superior tributaries. Molecular Ecology 13:3379-3388.
43. Morris, D. B., K. R. Richard, and J. M. Wright. 1996. Microsatellites from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their use for genetic study of salmonids. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:120-126.
44. Morris, M., and B. Eccles. 1977. A report on the distribution of spawning steelhead in the Kitimat River. Ministry of Water, Land and Air Protection, Skeena Fisheries Report 13, Smithers, British Columbia.
45. Myers, R. A., S. A. Levin, R. Lande, F. C. James, W. W. Murdoch, and R. T. Paine. 2004. Hatcheries and endangered salmon. Ecology 303:1980.
46. Nelson, R. J., and T. D. Beacham. 1999. Isolation and cross species amplification of microsatellite loci useful for study of Pacific salmon. Animal Genetics 30:228-229.
47. Nielsen, J. L., C. Gan, and W. K. Thomas. 1994. Differences in genetic diversity for mitochondrial DNA between hatchery and wild populations of Oncorhynchus. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51:290-297.
48. O'Reilly, P. T., L. C. Hamilton, S. K. McConnell, and J. M. Wright. 1996. Rapid analysis of genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by PCR multiplexing of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide microsatellites. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:2292-2298.
49. Pimentel, R. A. 1979. Morphometrics: the multivariate analysis of biological data. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa.
50. Poteaux, C., D. Beaudou, and P. Berrebi. 1998. Temporal variations of genetic introgression in stocked brown trout populations. Journal of Fish Biology 53:701-713.
51. Raymond, M., and F. Rousset. 1995. GENEPOP, version 1.2: population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenism. Journal of Heredity 86:248-249.
52. Reisenbichler, R. R. 2004. Uncertainty and research needs for supplementing wild populations of anadromous Pacific salmon. Pages 263-276 in M. J. Nickum, P. M. Mazik, J. G. Nickum, and D. D. MacKinlay, and V. Mudrak, editors. Propagated fish in resource management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 44, Bethesda, Maryland.
53. Reisenbichler, R. R., and S. P. Rubin. 1999. Genetic changes from artificial propagation of Pacific salmon affect the productivity and viability of supplemented populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56:459-466.
54. Reisenbichler, R. R., S. P. Rubin, L. Wetzel, and S. Phelps. 2004. Natural selection after release from hatchery leads to domestication in steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Pages 371-383 in K. L. Leber, H. L. Blankenship, and S. Kitada, editors. Stock enhancement and sea ranching: developments, pitfalls, and opportunities. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.
55. Rice, W. R. 1989. Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43:223-225.
56. Ryman, N., and L. Laikre. 1991. Effects of supportive breeding on the genetically effective population size. Conservation Biology 5:325-329.
57. Schneider, S., D. Roessli, and L. Excoffier. 2000. ARLEQUIN, version 2.000: a software for genetics data anlysis. Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
58. Scribner, K. T., J. R. Gust, and R. L. Fields. 1996. Isolation and characterization of novel salmon microsatellite loci: cross-species amplification and population genetic applications. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:833-841.
59. Slettan, A., I. Olsaker, and O. Lie. 1995. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, microsatellites at the SSOSL25, SSOSL85, SSOSL311, and SSOSL417 loci. Animal Genetics 26:281-284.
60. Smith, B. D., and B. R. Ward. 2000. Trends in adult wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) abundance for coastal regions of British Columbia support the variable marine survival hypothesis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:271-284.
61. Taylor, E. B., and P. Tamkee. 2003. Microsatellite DNA polymorphism in Alberta rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): molecular identification of indigenous populations. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Fish and Wildlife Division, Edson.
62. Utter, F. 1998. Genetic problems of hatchery-reared progeny released into the wild and how to deal with them. Bulletin of Marine Science 62:623-640.
63. Waples, R. 1990. Temporal changes of allele frequency in Pacific salmon populations: implications for mixed-stock fishery analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47:968-976.
64. Waples, R. 1998. Separating the wheat from the chaff: patterns of genetic differentiation in high gene flow species. Journal of Heredity 89:438-450.
65. Waples, R. 2004. Salmonid insights into effective population size. Pages 295-314 in A. P. Hendry and S. C. Stearns, editors. Evolution illuminated: salmon and their relatives. Oxford University Press, New York.
66. Ward, B. R. 2000. Declivity in steelhead trout recruitment at the Keogh River over the past decade. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57:298-306.
67. Weir, B. S., and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370.
68. Williams, R. N., D. K. Shiozawa, J. E. Carter, and R. F. Leary. 1996. Genetic detection of putative hybridization between native and introduced rainbow trout populations of the upper Snake River. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125:387-401.