Effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring's cognitive ability: Empirical evidence for complete confounding in the US national longitudinal survey of youth

Pediatrics

Volumn 118, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 943-950

  Batty, G David ^a,b   Der, Geoff ^a   Deary, Ian J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cohort study; IQ; Pregnancy; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CIGARETTE SMOKING; COGNITION; COMPREHENSION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATION; EMPIRICISM; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MATERNAL SMOKING; MATHEMATICS; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGENY; READING; RECOGNITION; ADOLESCENT; COGNITIVE DEFECT; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTELLIGENCE; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; COGNITION DISORDERS; CONFOUNDING FACTORS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INTELLIGENCE; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PREGNANCY; PRENATAL EXPOSURE DELAYED EFFECTS; SMOKING; UNITED STATES;

EID: 33749070195     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 02105721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-0168     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Davie R, Butler N, Goldstein H. From Birth to Seven. London, United Kingdom: Longmans; 1972
2. Rantakallio P. A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1983;72:747-753
3. Butler NR. Goldstein H. Smoking in pregnancy and subsequent child development. Br Med J. 1973;4(5892):573-575
4. Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 13- to 16-year-olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2003;25:427-436
5. Baghurst PA, Tong SL, Woodward A, McMichael AJ. Effects of maternal smoking upon neuropsychological development in early childhood: importance of taking account of social and environmental factors. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1992;6:403-415
6. Lawlor DA, Najman JM, Batty GD, O'Callaghan MJ, Williams GM, Bor W. Early life predictors of childhood intelligence: findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2006;20:148-162
7. McGee R, Stanton WR. Smoking in pregnancy and child development to age 9 years. J Paediatr Child Health. 1994;30:263-268
8. Fergusson DM, Lloyd M. Smoking during pregnancy and its effects on child cognitive ability from the ages of 8 to 12 years. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1991;5:189-200
9. Olds DL, Henderson CR Jr, Tatelbaum R. Intellectual impairment in children of women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy [published correction appears in Pediatrics. 1994;93:973]. Pediatrics. 1994;93:221-227
10. Mortensen EL, Michaelsen KF, Sanders SA, Reinisch JM. A dose-response relationship between maternal smoking during late pregnancy and adult intelligence in male offspring. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2005;19:4-11
11. Naeye RL, Peters EC. Mental development of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1984;64:601-607
12. Dunn HG, McBurney AK, Sandraingram, Hunter CM. Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the child's subsequent development: II. Neurological and intellectual maturation to the age of 6 1/2 years. Can J Public Health. 1977;68:43-50
13. Kubicka L, Matejcek Z, Dytrych Z, Roth Z. IQ and personality traits assessed in childhood as predictors of drinking and smoking behaviour in middle-aged adults: a 24-year follow-up study. Addiction. 2001;96:1615-1628
14. Martin LT, Fitzmaurice GM, Kindlon DJ, Buka SL. Cognitive performance in childhood and early adult illness: a prospective cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2004;58:674-679
15. Taylor MD, Hart CL, Davey Smith G, et al. Childhood mental ability and smoking cessation in adulthood: prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003;57:464-465
16. Plomin R, DeFries JC, McClearn GE, McGuffin P. Behavioral Genetics. New York, NY: Worth; 2005
17. Breslau N, Paneth N, Lucia VC, Paneth-Pollak R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring IQ. Int J Epidemiol. 2005;34:1047-1053
18. Center for Human Resource Research. NLSY79 Users Guide. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2004
19. Center for Human Resource Research. NLSY79 Child and Young Adult Data Users Guide. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University; 2002
20. Patrick DL, Cheadle A, Thompson DC, Diehr P, Koepsell T, Kinne S. The validity of self-reported smoking: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 1994;84:1086-1093
21. Tomeo CA, Rich-Edwards JW, Michels KB, et al. Reproducibility and validity of maternal recall of pregnancy-related events. Epidemiology. 1999;10:774-777
22. Dunn L, Markwardt F. Peabody Individual Achievement Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Services; 1989
23. White TH. Correlations among the WISC-R, PIAT, and DAM. Psychol Sch. 1979;16:497-501
24. National Longitudinal Surveys: NLSY79 User's Guide. Washington, DC: US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; 1999
25. Caldwell B, Bradley R. Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment. Little Rock, AR: University of Arkansas; 1984
26. Diggle P, Liang K, Zeger S. Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press; 1994
27. Goldstein H. Multilevel Statistical Models. London, United Kingdom: Arnold; 1999
28. Surgeon General. Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service. Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 1964. Public Health Service Publication No. 1103. Available at: www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_1964/sgr64.htm. Accessed March 16, 2006
29. Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1998;20:293-306
30. Deary IJ, Whalley LJ, Lemmon H, Crawford JR, Starr JM. The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: follow-up of the 1932 Scottish mental survey. Intelligence. 2000;28:49-55