A review of the reliability and validity of Likert-type scales for people with intellectual disability

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research

Volumn 50, Issue 11, 2006, Pages 813-827

  Hartley, S L ^a   Maclean Jr , W E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING   (United States)

Author keywords

Intellectual disability; Likert scale; Mental retardation; Review; Self report measures

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CONCURRENT VALIDITY; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; HUMAN; INTELLECTUAL IMPAIRMENT; INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT; INTERNAL CONSISTENCY; MEDLINE; PATIENT ATTITUDE; PHOTOGRAPHY; PSYCINFO; RATING SCALE; RELIABILITY; REVIEW; SELF REPORT; STIMULUS RESPONSE; SYSTEMATIC ERROR; TASK PERFORMANCE; TEST RETEST RELIABILITY; VARIANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATTITUDE; BEHAVIOR; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); HUMANS; MENTAL RETARDATION; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SELF DISCLOSURE;

EID: 33749070174     PISSN: 09642633     EISSN: 13652788     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00844.x     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Ailey S. H. (2000) Screening adolescents with mental retardation for depression. Journal of School Nursing 16, 6-11.
2. Antaki C. (1999) Interviewing persons with a learning disability: How setting lower standards may inflate well-being scores. Qualitative Health Research 9, 437-54.
3. Baker W. & Bramston P. (1997) Attributional and emotional determinants of aggression in people with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability 22, 169-86.
4. Beart S., Hardy G. & Buchan L. (2004) Changing selves: A grounded theory account of belonging to a self-advocacy group for people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 17, 91-101.
5. Beck A. T., Ward C. H., Mendalism M., Mock J. & Erbaugh J. (1961) An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 4, 561-71.
6. Beck D. C., Carlson G. A., Russell A. T. & Brownfield F. E. (1987) Use of depression rating instruments in developmentally and educationally delayed adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 26, 97-100.
7. Benavidez D. A. & Matson J. L. (1993) Assessment of depression in mentally retarded adolescents. Research in Developmental Disabilities 14, 179-88.
8. Benson B. A. & Ivins J. (1992) Anger, depression and self-concept in adults with mental retardation. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 36, 169-75.
9. Birleson P. (1981) The validity of depressive disorders and the development of a self-rating scale: A research report. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 22, 73-88.
10. Bonham G. S., Basehart J., Schalock R. L., Marchand C. B., Kirchner N. & Rumerap J. M. (2004) Consumer-based quality of life assessment: the Maryland Ask Me! Project. Mental Retardation 42, 338-57.
11. Bramston P. & Bostock J. (1994) Measuring stress in people with intellectual disabilities: The development of a new scale. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities 19, 149-57.
12. Bramston P. & Fogarty G. J. (2000) The assessment of emotional distress experienced by people with an intellectual disability: A study of different methodologies. Research in Developmental Disabilities 21, 487-500.
13. Bramston P. & Miochie C. (2001) Disability and stress: A study in perspectives. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability 26, 233-42.
14. Bramston P., Bostock J. & Tehon G. (1993) The measurement of stress in people with an intellectual disability: A pilot study. International Journal of Disability Development and Education 40, 95-104.
15. Bramston P., Fogarty G. & Cummins R. A. (1999) The nature of stressors reported by people with an intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 12, 1-10.
16. Bromley J., Emerson E. & Caine A. (1998) The development of a self-report measure to assess the location and intensity of pain in people with intellectual. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 42, 72-81.
17. Callahan R. J. (2001) Thought field therapy: Response to our critics and a scrutiny of some old ideas of social sciences. Journal of Clinical Psychology 57, 1251-60.
18. Chadsey-Rusch J., DeStefano L., O'Reilly M., Gonzalez P. & Collet-Klingenberg L. (1992) Assessing the loneliness of workers with mental retardation. Mental Retardation 30, 85-92.
19. Chang L. (1994) A psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity. Applied Psychological Measurement 18, 205-15.
20. Cox E. P. (1980) The optimal number of response alternatives for a scale: A review. Journal of Marketing Research 17, 407-22.
21. Cummins R. A., McCabe M. P., Romeo Y., Reid S. & Waters L. (1997) An initial evaluation of the comprehensive quality of life scale-intellectual disability. International Journal of Disability, Development, and Education 44, 7-19.
22. Dagnan D. & Ruddick L. (1995) The use of analogue scales and personal questionnaires for interviewing people with learning disabilities. Clinical Psychology Forum 13, 21-4.
23. Dagnan D. & Sandhu S. (1999) Social comparison, self-esteem, and depression in people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43, 372-7.
24. Emerson E. (2005) Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to assess the mental health needs of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 30, 14-23.
25. Finlay W. M. & Lyons E. (2002) Acquiescence in interviews with people who have mental retardation. Mental Retardation 40, 14-29.
26. Flamer S. (1983) Assessment of the multitrait-multimethod matrix validity of Likert scales via confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research 18, 275-308.
27. Fogarty G. J., Bramston P. & Cummins R. A. (1997) Validation of the Lifestress Inventory for people with a mild intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities 18, 435-56.
28. Glenn E., Bihm E. M. & Lammers W. J. (2003) Depression, anxiety, and relevant cognitions in persons with mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 33, 69-76.
29. Gullone E., Cummins R. A. & King N. J. (1995) Adaptive behaviour in children and adolescents with and without an intellectual disability: relationships with fear and anxiety. Behaviour Change 12, 227-37.
30. Hartley S. L. & MacLean W. E. (2005) Perceptions of stress and coping strategies among adults with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation 110, 285-90.
31. Heal L. W. & Chadsey-Rusch J. (1985) The Lifestyle Satisfaction Scale (LSS): Assessing individual's satisfaction with residence, community setting and associated services. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 6, 475-90.
32. Heal L. W. & Sigelman C. K. (1995) Response biases in interviews of individuals with limited mental ability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 39, 331-40.
33. Helm D. T. (2000) The measurement of happiness. American Journal on Mental Retardation 105, 326-35.
34. Helsel W. J. & Matson J. L. (1988) The relationship of depression to social skills and intellectual functioning in mentally retarded adults. Journal of Mental Deficiency Research 32, 411-18.
35. Hodge D. R. & Gillespie D. (2003) Phrase completions: An alternative to Likert scales. Social Work Research 27, 45-56.
36. Kazdin A. E., Matson J. L. & Senatore V. (1983) Assessment of depression in mentally retarded adults. American Journal of Psychiatry 140, 1040-3.
37. Kellett S., Beail N., Newman D. W. & Frankish P. (2003) Utility of the Brief Symptom Inventory in the assessment of psychological distress. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities 16, 127-34.
38. Kellett S., Beail N. & Newman D. W. (2005) Measuring interpersonal problems in people with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation 110, 136-44.
39. Kober R. & Eggleton I. R. (2002) Factor stability of the Schalock and Keith (1993) Quality of Life Questionnaire. Mental Retardation 40, 157-65.
40. Lindsay W. R., Michie A. M., Baty F. J. & Smith A. H. (1994) The consistency of reports about feelings and emotions from people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 38, 61-6.
41. Loper A. B. & Reeve R. E. (1983) Response bias on a locus of control measure by learning-disabled children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 11, 537-48.
42. Luftig R. L. (1988) Assessment of the perceived school loneliness and isolation of mentally retarded and nonretarded students. American Journal on Mental Retardation 92, 472-5.
43. Lundy G. H. (1970) Using analysis of variance with a dichotomous dependent variable. An empirical study. Journal of Educational Measurement 7, 263-9.
44. Lunsky Y. (2003) Depressive symptoms in intellectual disability: Does gender play a role ? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 47, 417-28.
45. Lunsky Y. & Benson B. A. (1997) Reliability of ratings of consumers with mental retardation and their staff on multiple measures of social support. American Journal on Mental Retardation 102, 280-4.
46. Lunsky Y. & Benson B. A. (2001) Association between perceived social support and strain, and positive and negative outcomes for adults with mild intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 45, 106-14.
47. Lunsky Y., Emery C. F. & Benson B. A. (2002) Staff and self-reports of health behaviours, somatic complaints, and medications among adults with mild intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability 27, 125-35.
48. Masi G., Brovedani P., Mucci M. & Favilla L. (2002) Assessment of anxiety and depression in adolescents with mental retardation. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 32, 227-37.
49. Matell M. S. & Jacoby J. (1971) Is there an optimal number of alternatives for Likert Scale Items? Study 1: Reliability and validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement 31, 657-74.
50. Mindham J. & Espie C. A. (2003) Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability (GAS-ID): Development and psychometric properties of a new measure for use with people with mild intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 47, 122-39.
51. Nanna M. J. & Sawilowsky S. S. (1998) Analysis of Likert scale data in disability and medical rehabilitation research. Psychological Methods 3, 55-67.
52. Nezu C. M., Nezu A. M., Rothenberg J. L., DelliCarpini L. & Groag I. (1995) Depression in adults with mild mental retardation: Are cognitive variables involved? Cognitive Therapy and Research 19, 227-39.
53. Novaco R. W. & Taylor J. L. (2004) Assessment of anger and aggression in male offenders with developmental disabilities. Psychological Assessment 16, 42-50.
54. Payne R. & Jahoda A. (2004) The Glasgow Social Self-Efficacy Scale -a new scale for measuring social self-efficacy in people with intellectual disabilities. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy 11, 265-74.
55. Peter J. P. (1979) Reliability a review of psychometric basics and recent marketing practices. Journal of Marketing Research 16, 6-17.
56. Powell R. (2003) Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory and Zung Self Rating Depression Scale in adults with mental retardation. Mental Retardation 41, 88-95.
57. Prout H. T. & Schaefer B. M. (1985) Self-reports of depression by community-based mildly mentally retarded adults. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 90, 220-2.
58. Reiss S. & Benson B. A. (1984) Awareness of negative social conditions among mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry 141, 88-90.
59. Reynolds W. M. (1979) The utility of multiple-choice test formats with mildly retarded adolescents. Educational and Psychological Measurement 39, 325-31.
60. Reynolds W. M. & Baker J. A. (1988) Assessment of depression in persons with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation 93, 93-103.
61. Reynolds W. M. & Miller K. L. (1985) Depression and learned helplessness in mentally retarded adolescents: An initial investigation. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 6, 295-306.
62. Robinson J. P., Shaver P. R. & Wrightsman L. S. (1991) Criteria for scale selection and evaluation. In: Measures of Personality Social Psychological Attitudes (eds J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver & L. S. Wrightsman), pp. 1-15. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA.
63. Rojahn J., Warren V. J. & Ohringer S. (1994) A comparison of assessment methods for depression in mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 24, 305-14.
64. Russell C. J. & Bobko P. (1992) Moderated regression analysis and Likert scales: Too coarse for comfort. Journal of Applied Psychology 77, 336-42.
65. Schalock R. L., Bonham G. S. & Marchand C. B. (2000) Consumer based quality of life assessment: A path model of perceived satisfaction. Evaluation and Program Planning 23, 77-87.
66. Schalock R. L., Brown I., Brown R., Cummins R. A., Felce D., Matikka K. D., Keith K. D. & Parmenter T. (2002) Conceptualizations, measurement, and application of quality of life for persons with intellectual disabilities: Report of an international panel of experts. Mental Retardation 40, 457-70.
67. Schloss P. J. (1982) Verbal interaction patterns of depressed and non-depressed institutionalized mental retarded adults. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 3, 1-12.
68. Senatore V., Matson J. L. & Kazdin A. E. (1985) An inventory to assess psychopathology of mentally retarded adults. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 5, 459-66.
69. Sigelman C. K. & Budd E. C. (1986) Pictures as an aid in questioning mentally retarded persons. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 29, 173-81.
70. Sigelman C., Schoenrock C., Spanhel C., Hromas S., Winer J., Budd E. & Martin P. W. (1980) Surveying mentally retarded persons: responsiveness and response validity in three samples. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 84, 479-84.
71. Sigelman C. K., Budd E. C., Spanhel C. L. & Schoenrock C. J. (1981) Asking questions of retarded persons: A comparison of yes-no and either-or formats. Applied Research in Mental Retardation 2, 347-57.
72. Sigelman C. K., Budd E. C., Winer J. L., Schoenrock C. J. & Martin P. W. (1982a) Evaluating alternative techniques of questioning mentally retarded persons. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 86, 511-18.
73. Sigelman C. K., Winer J. L. & Schoenrock C. J. (1982b) The responsiveness of mentally retarded persons to questions. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded 17, 120-4.
74. Sigelman C. K., Schoenrock C. J., Budd E. C., Winer J. W., Spanhel C. L., Martin P. W., Hromas S. & Bensberg G. J. (1983) Communicating with Mentally Retarded Persons: Asking Questions and Getting Answers. Texas Tech University: Research and Training Center in Mental Retardation, Lubbock, TX.
75. Stancliffe R. J. (1995) Assessing opportunities for choice-making: A comparison of self- and staff reports. American Journal on Mental Retardation 99, 418-29.
76. Stancliffe R. J. (2000) Proxy respondents and quality of life. Evaluation and Program Planning 23, 89-93.
77. Stone A. A., Turkkan J. S., Bachrach C. A., Jobe J. B., Kurtzman H. S. & Cain V. S. (eds) (2000) The Science of Self-Report. Implications for Research and Practice. Erlbaum, Mahhwah, NJ.
78. Verri A., Cummins R. A., Petito F., Vallero E., Monteath S., Gerosa E. & Nappi G. (1999) An Italian-Australian comparison of quality of life among people with intellectual disability living in the community. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43, 513-22.