Health issues of whey proteins: 1. Protection of lean body mass

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 113-122

  Schaafsma, Gertjan ^a,b  

^a WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Clinical states; Muscle mass protection; Sarcopenia; Weight loss; Whey proteins

Indexed keywords

BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; CYSTEINE; ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID; GLUCOSE; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; MILK PROTEIN;

AMINO ACID COMPOSITION; BURN; CANCER; CATABOLISM; CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE; CROHN DISEASE; DECARBOXYLATION; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIGESTIVE FUNCTION; ENERGY METABOLISM; EXERCISE; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; GLUTATHIONE METABOLISM; HEALTH PROGRAM; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; KIDNEY DISEASE; LEAN BODY WEIGHT; MUSCLE ATROPHY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENT; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN DIET; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; SEPSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; SURGICAL INJURY; TRANSAMINATION; WEIGHT REDUCTION; WHEY; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 33749064615     PISSN: 15407535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Argiles JM, Meijsing SH, Pallares-trujillo XG and Lopez-Soriano FJ (2001), Cancer Cachexia: A therapeutic approach. Medical Research Reviews 21, 83-101.
2. Belobrajdic DP, McIntosh GH, and Owens JA (2004), A high-whey protein diet reduces body weight gain and alters insulin sensitivity relative to red meat in Wistar rats. Journal of Nutrition 134, 1454-1458.
3. Blackburn GL (2003), High-protein diets in the management of obesity. A Wageningen Centre of Food Sciences Round Table Discussion, Kasteel Vaalsbroek, 12-14 November 2003.
4. Cahill GFJ (1976), Starvation in man. Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 5, 397-415.
5. Campos FG, Waitzberg DL, Teixeira MG, Mucerino DR, Habr-Gama A and Kiss DR (2002), Inflammatory bowel diseases. Principles of nutritional therapy. Reviews of the Hospital of the Clinical Faculty of Medicine of Sao Paulo 57, 187-198.
6. Cena H, Sculati M and Roggi C (2003), Nutritional concerns and possible countermeasures to nutritional issues related to space flight. European Journal of Nutrition 42, 99-110.
7. Demling RH and Seigne P (2000), Metabolic management of patients with severe burns. World Journal of Surgery 24, 673-680.
8. Doering CB, Williams IR and Danner DJ (2000), Controlled overexpression of BCKD kinase expression: metabolic engineering applied to BCAA metabolism in a mammalian system. Metabolic Engineering 2, 349-356.
9. Dröge W, Hack V, Breitkreutz R, Holm A, Shubinsky G, Schmid E, and Galter D (1998), Role of cysteine and glutathione in signal transduction, immunopathology and cachexia. Biofactors 8, 97-102.
10. Dröge W and Holm E (1997), Role of cysteine and glutathione in HIV infection and other diseases associated with muscle wasting and immunological dysfunction. FASEB Journal 11, 1077-1089.
11. Engelen MP, Wouters EF, Deutz NE, Does JD, and Schols AM (2001) Effects of exercise on amino acid metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 163, 859-864.
12. Engelen MP, Orozco-Levi M, Deutz NE, Barreiro E, Hernandez N, Wouters EF, Gea J and Schols AM (2004), Glutathione and glutamate levels in the diaphragm of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. European Respiratory Journal 23, 545-551.
13. Engelen MP, Schols AM, Does JD, Deutz NE and Wouters EF (2000), Altered glutamate metabolism is associated with reduced muscle glutathione levels in patients with emphysema. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care 161, 98-103.
14. Etzel MR (2004), Manufacture and use of dairy protein fractions. Journal of Nutrition 134, 996S-1002S.
15. Evans WJ (2004), Protein Nutrition, exercise and aging. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23, 601S-609S.
16. FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation (1986), Energy and protein requirements. Technical Report Series 724, World Health Organization, Geneva.
17. Farnsworth E, Luscombe ND, Noakes N, Wittert G, Argyiou E and Clifton PM (2003), Effect of a high-protein, energy-restricted diet on body composition, glycemic control, and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese hyperinsulinemic men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78, 31-39.
18. Francis G, Regester G, Webb H and Ballard F (1995), Extraction from cheese whey protein by cation-exchange chromatography of factors that stimulate the growth of mammalian cells. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1209-1218.
19. Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Ventrucci G, Toledo MT, Cury L and Coope L.J. (2003) A leucine supplemented diet improved protein content of skeletal muscle in young tumor-bearing rats. Brazilian Journal of Medicine and Biological Research 36, 1589-1594.
20. Harper WJ (1999), Biological properties of whey components. A review. The American Dairy Products Institute, Chicago, IL 60606.
21. Hart DW, Wolf SE, Mlcak R, Chinkes DL, Ramzy PI, Obeng MK, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR and Herndon DN (2000), Persistence of muscle catabolism after severe burn. Surgery 128, 312-319.
22. Holecek M (2002), Relation between glutamine, branched-chain amino acids, and protein metabolism. Nutrition 18, 130-133.
23. Inui A (2002) Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: current issues in research and management. CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 52, 72-91.
24. Lands C, Grey VL and Smountas AA (1999), Effect of supplementation with a cysteine donor on muscular performance. Journal of Applied Physiology 87, 1381-1385.
25. Langen RCJ, Schols MWJ, Kelders MCJM, van der Velden JLL, Wouters EFM and Janssen-Heiniger YMW (2002), Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibits myogenesis through redox-dependent and - independent pathways. American Journal of Cell Physiology 283, 714-721.
26. Layman DK, Boileau RA, Erickson DJ, Painter JE, Shiue H, Sather C, and Christou DD (2003a), A reduced ratio of dietary carbohydrate to protein improves body composition and blood lipid profiles during weight loss in adult women. Journal of Nutrition 133, 411-417.
27. Layman DK (2003b), The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. Journal of Nutrition 133, 261S-267S.
28. Layman DK, and Baum JI (2004a), Dietary protein impact on glycemic control during weight loss. Journal of Nutrition 134, 968S-973S.
29. Layman DK (2004b), Protein quantity and quality at levels above the RDA improve adult weight loss. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23, 631S-636S.
30. Layman DK, Shiue H, Sather C, Erickson D.J and Braun J. (2003c), Increased dietary protein modifies glucose and insulin homeostasis in adult women during weight loss. Journal of Nutrition 133, 405-410.
31. Luo JL, Hammarqvist F, Andersson K and Wernerman J (1998), Surgical trauma decreases glutathione synthetic capacity in human skeletal muscle tissue. American Journal of Physiology 275, E359-E365.
32. Marcel TJ (2003), Sarcopenia: causes, consequences, and preventions. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological Science and Medical Science 58, M911-M916.
33. Marshall K (2004), Therapeutic applications of whey protein. Alternative Medicine Reviews 9, 136-156.
34. Mariotti F, Simbelie KL, Makarios-Lahham L, Huneau JF, Laplaize B, Tome D and Even PC (2004), Acute ingestion of dietary proteins improves post-exercise liver glutathione in rats in a dose-dependent relationship with their cysteine content. Journal of Nutrition 134, 128-131.
35. Meisel H (2004), Multifunctional peptides encrypted in milk proteins. Biofactors 21, 55-61.
36. Micke P, Beeh KM, Schlaak JF and Buhl R (2001), Oral supplementation with whey proteins increases plasma glutathione levels of HIV infected patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 31, 171-178.
37. Micke P, Beeh KM and Buhl R (2002), Effects of long-term supplementation with whey proteins on plasma glutathione levels of HIV-infected patients. European Journal of Nutrition 41, 12-18.
38. Mitch WE (1998), Robert H Herman Memorial Award in Clinical Nutrition Lecture. Mechanisms causing loss of lean body mass in kidney disease. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 359-366.
39. Mitch WE, Hu Z, Lee SW and Du J. (2005), Strategies for suppressing muscle atrophy in chronic kidney disease: mechanisms activating distinct proteolytic systems. Journal of Renal Nutrition 15, 23-7.
40. Morley JE (1997), Anorexia of aging: physiologic and pathologic. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 66, 760-73.
41. Paddon-Jones D, Sheffield-Moore M, Wolf R, Aarsland A and Ferrando A (2004), Exogenous amino acids stimulate human muscle anabolism without interfering with response to mixed meal ingestion. American Journal of Physiology and Endocrinology Metabolism 288, E761-E767.
42. Piatti PM, Monti F, Fermo I, Baruffaldi L, Nasser R, Santambrogio O, Librenti MC, Galli-Kienle M, Pontirolli AE and Pozza G (1994), Hypocaloric high-protein diet improves glucose oxidation and spares lean body mass: comparison to hypocaloric high-carbohydrate diet. Metabolism 43, 1481-1487.
43. Rasmussen BB, Fujita S, Wolfe RR, Mittendorfer B, Roy M, Rowe VL and Volpi E (2006), Insulin resistance of muscle protein metabolism in aging. FASEB Journal 20, 768-769.
44. Renner E (1983), Milk and dairy products in human nutrition. VV-Gmbh, Volkswirtschaftlicher Verlag, München, pp 92-95.
45. Rosenberg IH (1997), Sarcopenia: origins and clinical relevance, presented as part of the symposium 'Sarcopenia: diagnosis and mechanisms'. Journal of Nutrition 127, 990S-991S.
46. Russel MGVM (2000), Changes in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: what does it mean? European Journal of Internal Medicine 11, 191-196.
47. Rutten EPA, Engelen MPKJ, Schols AMWJ and Deutz NEP (2005), Skeletal muscle glutamate metabolism in health and disease: state of the art. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 8, 41-51.
48. Schaafsma GJ and Steijns JM (2000), Dairy ingredients as a source of functional foods. In: Smidtl MK and Labuza Thp (ed), Essentials of functional foods. Aspen publishers, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, pp 181-204.
49. Schaafsma G (2005), The protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)- a concept for describing protein quality in foods and food ingredients- a critical review. Journal of the Official Analyses of Analytical Chemistry International 88, 988-994.
50. Schols AMWJ (2003), Nutritional and metabolic modulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management. European Respiratory Journal 22 (46-suppl), 81S-86S.
51. Short K, Vittone J, Bigelow M, Proctor M and Nair S. (2004) Age and aerobic exercise training effects on whole body and muscle protein metabolism. American Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 286, E92-E101.
52. Sido B, Hack V, Hochlehnert A., Lipps H., Herfarth C and Dröge W. (1998), Impairment of intestinal glutathione synthesis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 42, 485-492.
53. Stein TP, Donaldson MR, Leskiw MJ, Schluter MD, Baggett DW and Boden G (2003), Branched-chain amino acid supplementation during bed rest: effect on recovery. Journal of Applied Physiology 94, 13451352.
54. Tjader I, Essen P, Garlick PJ, McMnurlan MA, Rooyackers O and Wernerman J (2004), Impact of surgical trauma on human skeletal muscle protein synthesis. Clinical Science (London) 107, 601-607.
55. Trocki O, Mochizuki H, Dominioni L and Alexander JW (1986), Intact protein versus free amino acids in the nutritional support of thermally injured animals. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 10, 139-145.
56. Ushmorov A, Hack V and Droge W (1999), Differential reconstitution of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and plasma redox state by cysteine and ornithine in a model of cancer cachexia. Cancer Research 15, 3527-3534.
57. Vazquez JA, Kazi U and Madani N (1995), Protein metabolism during weight reduction with very-low energy diets: evaluation of the independent effects of protein and carbohydrate on protein sparing. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, 93-103.
58. Vente JP (1991), Branched chain amino acid enrichment of total parenteral nutrition solutions. Dissertation, Maastricht University.
59. 2+-activated, and ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathways. Journal of Clinical Investigation 97, 1610-1617.
60. Volpi E, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M, Mittendorfer B, and Wolfe R (2003), Essential amino acids are primary responsible for the amino acid stimulation of muscle protein anabolism in healthy elderly adults. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 78, 250-258.
61. Walzem RL, Dillard CJ and German J.B. (2002) Whey protein components: Millennia of evolution create functionalities for mammalian nutrition: what we know and what we may be overlooking. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 42, 353-375.
62. Wilmore DW (2001), The effect of glutamine supplementation in patients following elective surgery and accidental injury. Journal of Nutrition 131, 2543S-2549S.
63. Zemel M and Ha, E (2003), Functional properties of whey protein, whey protein components, and essential amino acids: mechanisms underlying health benefits for active people. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 14, 251-258.