Guidelines for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphomas in immunocompetent patients

FORUM - Trends in Experimental and Clinical Medicine

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 33-45

  Ferreri, Andrés J M ^a   Dell'Oro, Stefania ^a   Reni, Michele ^a  

^a SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

Intrathecal chemotherapy; Lymphomas

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BUSULFAN; CARBOPLATIN; CARMUSTINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTARABINE; CYTOSTATIC AGENT; DOXORUBICIN; ETOPOSIDE; IFOSFAMIDE; MANNITOL; MELPHALAN; METHOTREXATE; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PREDNISONE; RITUXIMAB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; THIOTEPA; TOPOTECAN; VINCRISTINE;

APHASIA; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN DISEASE; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS; DIARRHEA; DRUG CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEVEL; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG USE; EYE CANCER; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; FOLLOW UP; HEART INFARCTION; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; LEUKOPENIA; LUNG EDEMA; LUNG EMBOLISM; MENINGITIS; MENINX DISORDER; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; NEUROTOXICITY; OTOTOXICITY; PERIPHERAL BLOOD STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; SALVAGE THERAPY; SEPSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT PLANNING; WHOLE BODY RADIATION;

EID: 33749035496     PISSN: 11218142     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Ferreri AJ et al. A multicenter study of treatment of primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology 2002; 58: 1513-1520.
2. Ferreri AJ et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Cancer Treat. Rev. 1995; 21: 415-446.
3. Reni M and Ferreri AJ. Therapeutic management of primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Expert. Rev. Anticancer. Ther. 2001; 1: 382-394.
4. Ferreti AJ et al. Importance of complete staging in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a cerebral mass lesion. Cancer 1996; 77: 827-833.
5. Hayabuchi N et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma in Japan: a nationwide survey. Int J Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1999; 44: 265-272.
6. Corry J et al. Primary central nervous system lymphoma: age and performance status are more important than treatment modality. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1998; 41: 615-620.
7. O'Brien P et al. Phase II multicenter study of brief single-agent methotrexate followed by irradiation in primary CNS lymphoma, J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18: 519-526.
8. Reni M et al. Therapeutic management of primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients: results of a critical review of the literature. Ann. Oncol. 1997; 8: 227-234.
9. Abrey LE et al. Long-term survival in primary CNS lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 859-863.
10. Ferreri AJ et al. Prognostic scoring system for primary CNS lymphomas: the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group experience. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 266-272.
11. Ponzoni M et al. Reactive perivascular T-cell infiltrate is an independent favorable prognostic factor in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) in immunocompetent patients. Ann. Oncol. 2002; 13: 264.
12. Braaten KM et al. Bcl-6 expression predicts improved survival in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Clin, Cancer. Res. 2003; 9: 1063-1069.
13. Ferreri AJ et al. Therapeutic management of immunocompetent patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL): analysis of an international multicentre series of 378 patients. Blood 2000; 96 (abs. 2186).
14. Reni M et al. Clinical relevance of consolidation radiotherapy and other main therapeutic issues in primary central nervous system lymphomas treated with upfront high-dose methotrexate, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001; 51: 419-425.
15. Blay JY et al. High-dose methotrexate for the treatment of primary cerebral lymphomas: analysis of survival and late neurologic toxicity in a retrospective series. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16; 864-871.
16. Glass J et al. Preirradiation methotrexate chemotherapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma: long-term outcome. J. Neurosurg 1994; 81: 188-195.
17. Korfel A, Thiel E. Successful treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system with BMPD chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Leuk. Lymphoma 1998; 30: 609-617.
18. Brada M et al. Short intensive primary chemotherapy and radiotherapy in sporadic primary CNS lymphoma (PCL). Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1998; 40: 1157-1162.
19. Blay JY et al. The C5R protocol: a regimen of high-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy in primary cerebral non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of patients with no known cause of inummosuppression. Blood 1995; 86: 2922-2929.
20. Cher L et al. Therapy of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate-based chemotherapy and deferred radiotherapy: preliminary results. Neurology 1996; 46: 1757-1759.
21. Hoang-Xuan K et al. Chemotherapy alone as initial treatment for primary CNS lymphoma in patients older than 60 yrs: a multicenter phase II study (26952) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 2726-2731,
22. Bessell EM et al. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system: phase II study of chemotherapy (BVAM) prior to radiotherapy, Clin. Oncol. (R. Coll. Radiol.) 1991; 3: 193-198.
23. Glass J et al. Therapy of primary central nervous system lymphoma with pre-irradiation methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone (MCHOD), J. Neurooncol. 1996; 30: 257-265.
24. Schlegel U et al. Combined systemic and intraventricular chemotherapy in primary CNS lymphoma: a pilot study, J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2001; 71: 118-122.
25. Shapiro WR. High-dose methotrexate in malignant gliomas, Cancer Treat. Rep. 1977; 61: 753-756.
26. 14C)methotrexate after intracarotid administration without and with hyperosmotic opening of the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers in rat brain tumors: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Cancer Res, 1988; 48: 694-701.
27. Sandor V et al. Phase II trial of chemotherapy alone for primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 3000-3006.
28. Abrey LE et al. Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma: the next step. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18: 3144-3150.
29. Bessell EM et al. Importance of radiotherapy in the outcome of patients with primary CNS lymphoma: an analysis of the CHOD/BVAM regimen followed by two different radiotherapy treatments. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 20: 231-236.
30. Dent S et al. PROMACE,MOPP and intrathecal chemotherapy for CNS lymphomas. J. Neurooncol. 1996; 28: 25-30.
31. Guha-Thakurta N et al. Intravenous methotrexate as initial treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma: response to therapy and quality of life of patients, J. Neurooncol. 1999; 43: 259-268.
32. Ng S et al. High-dose methotrexate for primary CNS lymphoma in the elderly. Neuro-oncol. 2000; 2: 40-44.
33. Hiraga S et al. Rapid infusion of high-dose methotrexate resulting in enhanced penetration into cerebrospinal fluid and intensified tumor response in primary central nervous system lymphomas. J. Neurosurg. 1999; 91: 221-230.
34. O'Neill BP et al. Primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: survival advantages with combined initial therapy? Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1995, 33: 663-673.
35. Schultz C et al. Preirradiation chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and dexamethasone for primary CNS lymphomas: initial report of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 88-06. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996; 14: 556-564.
36. Mead GM et al. A medical research council randomized trial in patients with primary cerebral non-Hodgkin lymphoma: cerebral radiotherapy with and without cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy. Cancer 2000; 89: 1359-1370.
37. Laperriere NJ et al. Primary lymphoma of brain: results of management of a modem cohort with radiation therapy. Radiother. Oncol. 1997; 43: 247-252.
38. Nelson DF et al. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain: can high dose, large volume radiation therapy improve survival? Report on a prospective trial by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG): RTOG 8315. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1992; 23: 9-17.
39. Nelson DF. Radiotherapy in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). J. Neurooncol. 1999; 43: 241-247.
40. Laperriere NJ et al. Accelerated radiation therapy for primary lymphoma of the brain. Radiother. Oncol. 1998; 47: 191-195.
41. Shibamoto, Y et al. Is whole-brain irradiation necessary for primary central nervous system lymphoma? Cancer 2003; 97: 128-133.
42. Ferreri AJ et al. Relevance of intraocular involvement in the management of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Ann. Oncol. 2002; 13: 531-538.
43. Deangelis LM et al. Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study 93-10. J. Clin. Oncol. 2002; 20: 4643-4648.
44. Camilleri-Broet S et al. Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas in 72 Immunocompetent Patients, Pathologic findings and clinical correlations. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1998; 110: 607-612.
45. Freilich RJ et al. Chemotherapy without radiation therapy as initial treatment for primary CNS lymphoma in older patients. Neurology 1996; 46: 435-439.
46. Herflinger U et al. German Cancer Society Neuro-Oncology Working Group NOA-03 multicenter trial of single-agent high-dose methorrexate for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann. Neurol. 2002; 51: 247-252.
47. Com BW et al. Strong correlation between imaging response and survival among patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: a secondary analysis of RTOG studies 83-15 and 88-06. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000; 47: 299-303.
48. Bokstein F et al. Leptomeningeal metastases from solid tumors: a comparison of two prospective series treated with and without intra-cerebrospinal fluid chemotherapy. Cancer 1998; 82: 1756-1763.
49. Postma TJ et al. Neurotoxicity of combination chemotherapy with procarbazine, CCNU and vincristine (PCV) for recurrent glioma. J. Neurooncol. 1998; 38: 69-75.
50. Macdonald DR. New therapies of primary CNS lymphomas and oligodendrogliomas. J. Neurooncol. 1995; 24: 97-101.
51. Balmaceda C et al. Leptomeningeal tumor in primary central nervous system lymphoma: recognition, significance, and implications. Ann. Neurol. 1995; 38: 202-209.
52. Bessell EM et al. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the CNS treated with BVAM or CHOD/BVAM chemotherapy before radiotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol. 1996; 14: 945-954.
53. Ferreri AJ et al. Combined treatment with high-dose methotrexate, vincristine and procarbazine, without intrathecal chemotherapy, followed by consolidation radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Oncology 2001; 60: 134-140.
54. Khan RB et al. Is intrathecal methotrexate necessary in the treatment of primary CNS lymphoma? J. Neurooncol. 2002; 58: 175-178.
55. Batchelor T et al. High dose methotrexate for intraocular lymphoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9: 711-715.
56. Soussain C et al. Results of Intensive Chemotherapy Followed by Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Rescue in 22 Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Primary CNS Lymphoma or Intraocular Lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19; 742-749.
57. Smith JR et al. Role of intravitreal methotrexate in the management of primary central nervous system lymphoma with ocular involvement. Ophthalmology 2002; 109: 1709-1716.
58. Abrey L et al. A phase II study of intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high dose beam chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with newly diagnosed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 20 (abs. 53).
59. Illerhaus G. et al. High-Dose-Chemotherapy with Autologous PBSCT and Hyperfractionated Radiotherapy as First-Line Treatment for Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) - Update of a Multicenter Phase II Study. Onkologie 2001; 54(Suppl. 6): 14.
60. Cheng T et al. High-dose thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide and ASCT without whole-brain radiotherapy for poor prognosis primary CNS lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003; 31: 679-685.
61. Batchelor T et al. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 1044-1049.
62. Doolittle ND et al. Safety and efficacy of a multi-center study using intraarterial chemotherapy in conjunction with osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors. Cancer 2000; 88: 637-647.
63. Kraemer DF et al. Chemotherapeutic dose intensification for treatment of malignant brain tumors: Recent developments and future directions. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2002; 2: 216-224.
64. Tyson RM et al. Current status and future of relapsed primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Leuk - Lymphoma 2003; 44: 627-633.
65. Pollack IF et al. Prognostic factors in the diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer 1989; 63: 939-947.
66. Deangelis LM et al. Combined modality therapy for primary CNS lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 1992; 10: 635-643.
67. Reni M et al. Second-line treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Br. J. Cancer 1999; 79: 530-534.
68. Boiardi A et al. Chemotherapy is effective as early treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma. J. Neurol. 1999; 246: 31-37.
69. Arellano-Rodrigo E et al. Salvage treatment with etoposide (VP-16), ifosfamide and cytarabine (Ara-C) for patients with recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma. Eur. J. Haematol. 2003; 70: 219-224.
70. Korfel A et al. Response of relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) to topotecan. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 22: 444.
71. Reni M et al. Salvage temozolomide (TMZ) in primary brain lymphomas (PBL): a phase II trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 22: 2296.
72. Reni M et al. Salvage therapy with temozolomide in an immunocompetent patient with primary brain lymphoma (letter). J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2000; 92: 575-576.
73. Pels H et al. Intraventricular and intravenous treatment of a patient with refractory primary CNS lymphoma using rituximab. J. Neurooncol. 2002; 59: 213-216.
74. Herrtinger U et al. PCV salvage chemotherapy for recurrent primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology 2000; 54: 1707-1708.
75. Khalfallah S et al. Durable remission of a relapsing primary central nervous system lymphoma after autologous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1996; 18: 1021-1023.
76. Varadi G et al. Graft-versus-lymphoma effect after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma 1999; 34: 185-190.
77. Ferreri AJ et al. Summary statement on primary central nervous system lymphomas from the Eighth International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma, Lugano, Switzerland, June 12 to 15, 2002. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 2407-2414.
78. Ferreri AJ et al. International Collaborative Group against Primary CNS Lymphomas. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 1649-1650.