메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 935-942

A review of the ethnic differences in breast cancer

Author keywords

African American women; Basal like phenotype; BRCA1 similarities; Estrogen receptor negativity; Ethnic differences; HRAS1 proto oncogene expression; Invasive breast cancer; P53 mutations; White Caucasian women

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BRCA1 PROTEIN; BRCA2 PROTEIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; FLUOROURACIL; HORMONE; HYDRALAZINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; PACLITAXEL; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; PROTEIN P53; TAMOXIFEN; TUMOR MARKER;

EID: 33749013547     PISSN: 14622416     EISSN: 17448042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/14622416.7.6.935     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (40)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 0037012341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disaggregating the effects of race and poverty on breast cancer outcomes
    • Brawley OW: Disaggregating the effects of race and poverty on breast cancer outcomes. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 94(7), 471-413 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 413-471
    • Brawley, O.W.1
  • 2
    • 0028217282 scopus 로고
    • Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States
    • Elledge RM, Clark GM, Chamness GC et al.: Tumor biologic factors and breast cancer prognosis among white, Hispanic, and black women in the United States. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 86(9), 705-712 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.86 , Issue.9 , pp. 705-712
    • Elledge, R.M.1    Clark, G.M.2    Chamness, G.C.3
  • 3
    • 32944473882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer trends among black and white women in the United States
    • Jatoi I, Anderson WF, Rao SR et al.: Breast cancer trends among black and white women in the United States. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(31), 7836-7841 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.23 , Issue.31 , pp. 7836-7841
    • Jatoi, I.1    Anderson, W.F.2    Rao, S.R.3
  • 4
    • 0033029764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-controlled study of the epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer in Nigeria
    • Adebamowo CA, Adekunle OO: Case-controlled study of the epidemiological risk factors for breast cancer in Nigeria. Br. J. Surg. 86(5), 665-668 (1999).
    • (1999) Br. J. Surg. , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 665-668
    • Adebamowo, C.A.1    Adekunle, O.O.2
  • 5
    • 0031304458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis between black and white patients in an urban community hospital
    • Newman LA, Alfonso EA: Age-related differences in breast cancer stage at diagnosis between black and white patients in an urban community hospital. Ann. Surg. Oncol. 4(8), 655-662 (1997).
    • (1997) Ann. Surg. Oncol. , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 655-662
    • Newman, L.A.1    Alfonso, E.A.2
  • 6
    • 0027953877 scopus 로고
    • The National Cancer Data Base report on colorectal cancer
    • Steele GD Jr.: The National Cancer Data Base report on colorectal cancer. Cancer 74(7), 1979-1989 (1994).
    • (1994) Cancer , vol.74 , Issue.7 , pp. 1979-1989
    • Steele Jr., G.D.1
  • 7
    • 0032982856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is race a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer?
    • El-Tamer MB, Homel P, Wait BR: Is race a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer? J. Am. Coll. Surg. 189(1), 41-45 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Am. Coll. Surg. , vol.189 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-45
    • El-Tamer, M.B.1    Homel, P.2    Wait, B.R.3
  • 8
    • 0033983963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in breast carcinoma survival
    • Joslyn SA, West MM: Racial differences in breast carcinoma survival. Cancer 88(1), 114-123 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 114-123
    • Joslyn, S.A.1    West, M.M.2
  • 9
    • 0036645259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity related differences in the survival of young breast carcinoma patients
    • Newman LA, Bunner S, Carolin K et al.: Ethnicity related differences in the survival of young breast carcinoma patients. Cancer 95(1), 21-27 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.95 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-27
    • Newman, L.A.1    Bunner, S.2    Carolin, K.3
  • 10
    • 4444286069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • African-American/White differences in breast carcinoma: p53 alterations and other tumor characteristics
    • Jones BA, Kasl SV. Howe CL et al.: African-American/White differences in breast carcinoma: p53 alterations and other tumor characteristics. Cancer 101(6), 1293-1301 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 1293-1301
    • Jones, B.A.1    Kasl, S.V.2    Howe, C.L.3
  • 11
    • 28344432625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathological features and molecular markers of breast cancer in Jos, Nigeria
    • Gukas ID, Jennings BA, Mandong BM et al.: Clinicopathological features and molecular markers of breast cancer in Jos, Nigeria. West Afr. J. Med. 24(3), 209-213 (2005).
    • (2005) West Afr. J. Med. , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-213
    • Gukas, I.D.1    Jennings, B.A.2    Mandong, B.M.3
  • 12
    • 0032526003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program of the National Cancer Institute, 1975-1992
    • Chang S, Parker SL, Pham T et al.: Inflammatory breast carcinoma incidence and survival: the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program of the National Cancer Institute, 1975-1992. Cancer 82(12), 2366-2372 (1998).
    • (1998) Cancer , vol.82 , Issue.12 , pp. 2366-2372
    • Chang, S.1    Parker, S.L.2    Pham, T.3
  • 13
    • 0037142956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer and breastfeeding: Collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50,302 women with breast cancer and 96,973 women without the disease
    • Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50,302 women with breast cancer and 96,973 women without the disease. Lancet 360(9328), 187-195 (2002).
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , Issue.9328 , pp. 187-195
  • 14
    • 33748874479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case-control study of risk factors for breast cancer in Nigerian women
    • Okobia M, Bunker C, Zmuda J et al.: Case-control study of risk factors for breast cancer in Nigerian women. Int. J. Cancer
    • Int. J. Cancer
    • Okobia, M.1    Bunker, C.2    Zmuda, J.3
  • 15
    • 12144286548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An unsupervised approach to identify molecular phenotypic components influencing breast cancer features
    • Selaru FM, Yin J, Olaru A et al.: An unsupervised approach to identify molecular phenotypic components influencing breast cancer features. Cancer Res. 64(5), 1584-1588 (2006).
    • (2006) Cancer Res. , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 1584-1588
    • Selaru, F.M.1    Yin, J.2    Olaru, A.3
  • 16
    • 0036468764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functionally active estrogen receptor isoform profiles in the breast tumors of African-American women are different from the profiles in breast tumors of Caucasian women
    • Poola I, Clarke R, DeWitty R et al.: Functionally active estrogen receptor isoform profiles in the breast tumors of African-American women are different from the profiles in breast tumors of Caucasian women. Cancer 94(3), 615-623 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 615-623
    • Poola, I.1    Clarke, R.2    DeWitty, R.3
  • 17
    • 33744960226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study
    • Carey LA, Perou CM, Livasy CA et al.: Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. JAMA 295(21), 2492-2502 (2006).
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , Issue.21 , pp. 2492-2502
    • Carey, L.A.1    Perou, C.M.2    Livasy, C.A.3
  • 18
    • 0036251429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic variation in the HER2 codon 655 genetic polymorphism previously associated with breast cancer
    • Ameyaw MM, Tayeb M, Thornton N et al.: Ethnic variation in the HER2 codon 655 genetic polymorphism previously associated with breast cancer. J. Hum. Genet. 47(4), 172-175 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Hum. Genet. , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 172-175
    • Ameyaw, M.M.1    Tayeb, M.2    Thornton, N.3
  • 19
    • 0036674617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Live or let die: The cell's response to p53
    • Vousden KH, X Lu: Live or let die: the cell's response to p53. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2(8), 594-604 (2002).
    • (2002) Nat. Rev. Cancer , vol.2 , Issue.8 , pp. 594-604
    • Vousden, K.H.1    Lu, X.2
  • 21
    • 7044224706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutational spectrum of p53 mutations in primary breast and ovarian tumors
    • Feki A, Irminger-Finger I: Mutational spectrum of p53 mutations in primary breast and ovarian tumors. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. 52(2), 103-116 (2004).
    • (2004) Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol. , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 103-116
    • Feki, A.1    Irminger-Finger, I.2
  • 22
    • 0026724877 scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: An independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers
    • Thor AD, Moore DH, II, Edgerton SM et al.: Accumulation of p53 tumor suppressor gene protein: an independent marker of prognosis in breast cancers. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 84(11), 845-855 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.84 , Issue.11 , pp. 845-855
    • Thor, A.D.1    Moore II, D.H.2    Edgerton, S.M.3
  • 23
    • 0030754662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms of H-ras-1 and p53 in breast cancer and lung cancer: A meta-analysis
    • 4
    • Weston, A. and Godbold HJ: Polymorphisms of H-ras-1 and p53 in breast cancer and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Environ. Health Perspect. 105(Suppl.) 4, 919-926 (1997).
    • (1997) Environ. Health Perspect. , vol.105 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 919-926
    • Weston, A.1    Godbold, H.J.2
  • 24
    • 0002636623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer genetics: Toward molecular characterization of individuals at increased risk for breast cancer
    • In: De Vita T, Hellman S. Rosenberg SA (Eds)
    • Olopade O, Weber BL: Breast cancer genetics: toward molecular characterization of individuals at increased risk for breast cancer. Part I. In: Cancer Priniciples and Practice of Oncology Updates. De Vita T, Hellman S. Rosenberg SA (Eds). Vol. 12. 1-12 (1998).
    • (1998) Cancer Priniciples and Practice of Oncology Updates , vol.12 , Issue.PART I , pp. 1-12
    • Olopade, O.1    Weber, B.L.2
  • 25
    • 0037303255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of germline BRCA1 mutations and overexpression of p53 on prognosis and response to treatment following breast carcinoma: 10-year follow up data
    • Goffin JR, Chappuis PO, Begin LR et al.: Impact of germline BRCA1 mutations and overexpression of p53 on prognosis and response to treatment following breast carcinoma: 10-year follow up data. Cancer 97(3), 527-536 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 527-536
    • Goffin, J.R.1    Chappuis, P.O.2    Begin, L.R.3
  • 26
    • 1642451743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRCA1 functions as a breast stem cell regulator
    • Foulkes WD: BRCA1 functions as a breast stem cell regulator. J. Med. Genet. 41(1), 1-5 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Med. Genet. , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-5
    • Foulkes, W.D.1
  • 27
    • 0037216997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer genetics in African-Americans
    • Olopade OI, Fackenthal JD, Dunston G et al.: Breast cancer genetics in African-Americans. Cancer 97(1 Suppl.), 236-245 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 236-245
    • Olopade, O.I.1    Fackenthal, J.D.2    Dunston, G.3
  • 28
    • 26844544418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic testing in an ethnically diverse cohort of high-risk women: A comparative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in American families of European and African ancestry
    • Nanda R, Schumm LP, Cummings S et al.: Genetic testing in an ethnically diverse cohort of high-risk women: a comparative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in American families of European and African ancestry. JAMA 294(15), 1925-1933 (2005).
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , Issue.15 , pp. 1925-1933
    • Nanda, R.1    Schumm, L.P.2    Cummings, S.3
  • 29
    • 0037087536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics of individuals with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: Analysis of 10,000 individuals
    • Frank TS, Deffenbaugh AM, Reid JE et al.: Clinical characteristics of individuals with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2: analysis of 10,000 individuals. J. Clin. Oncol. 20(6), 1480-1490 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 1480-1490
    • Frank, T.S.1    Deffenbaugh, A.M.2    Reid, J.E.3
  • 30
    • 0141429017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germline BRCA1 mutations and a basal epithelial phenotype in breast cancer
    • Foulkes WD, Stefansson IM, Chappuis PO et al.: Germline BRCA1 mutations and a basal epithelial phenotype in breast cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 95(19), 1482-1485 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.95 , Issue.19 , pp. 1482-1485
    • Foulkes, W.D.1    Stefansson, I.M.2    Chappuis, P.O.3
  • 31
    • 0035845511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications
    • Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R et al.: Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98(19), 10869-10874 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , Issue.19 , pp. 10869-10874
    • Sorlie, T.1    Perou, C.M.2    Tibshirani, R.3
  • 32
    • 0037478605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets
    • Sorlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J et al.: Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100(14), 8418-8423 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , Issue.14 , pp. 8418-8423
    • Sorlie, T.1    Tibshirani, R.2    Parker, J.3
  • 33
    • 0024518525 scopus 로고
    • Detection of basement membrane components and basal cell keratin 14 in noninvasive and invasive carcinomas of the breast
    • Wetzels RH, Holland R, van Haelst UJ et al.: Detection of basement membrane components and basal cell keratin 14 in noninvasive and invasive carcinomas of the breast. Am. J. Pathol. 134(3), 571-579 (1989).
    • (1989) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.134 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-579
    • Wetzels, R.H.1    Holland, R.2    van Haelst, U.J.3
  • 34
    • 20344377896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental cadherin and the basal epithelial phenotype of BRCA1-related breast cancer
    • Arnes JB, Brunet JS, Stefansson I et al.: Placental cadherin and the basal epithelial phenotype of BRCA1-related breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 11(11), 4003-4011 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.11 , Issue.11 , pp. 4003-4011
    • Arnes, J.B.1    Brunet, J.S.2    Stefansson, I.3
  • 35
    • 0036899446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of cytokeratins 17 and 5 identifies a group of breast carcinomas with poor clinical outcome
    • van de Rijn M, Perou CM, Tibshirani R et al.: Expression of cytokeratins 17 and 5 identifies a group of breast carcinomas with poor clinical outcome. Am. J. Pathol. 161(6), 1991-1996 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.161 , Issue.6 , pp. 1991-1996
    • van de Rijn, M.1    Perou, C.M.2    Tibshirani, R.3
  • 36
    • 23844549918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy
    • Rouzier R, Perou CM, Symmans WF et al.: Breast cancer molecular subtypes respond differently to preoperative chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 11(16), 5678-5685 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.11 , Issue.16 , pp. 5678-5685
    • Rouzier, R.1    Perou, C.M.2    Symmans, W.F.3
  • 37
    • 0033952627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large, central acellular zones indicating myoepithelial tumor differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas as markers of predisposition to lung and brain metastases
    • Tsuda H, Takarabe T, Hasegawa F et al.: Large, central acellular zones indicating myoepithelial tumor differentiation in high-grade invasive ductal carcinomas as markers of predisposition to lung and brain metastases. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 24(2), 197-202 (2000).
    • (2000) Am. J. Surg. Pathol. , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-202
    • Tsuda, H.1    Takarabe, T.2    Hasegawa, F.3
  • 38
    • 12144289372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers of young African-American women have a higher frequency of methylation of multiple genes than those of Caucasian women
    • Mehrotra J, Ganpat MM, Kanaan Y et al.: Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-negative breast cancers of young African-American women have a higher frequency of methylation of multiple genes than those of Caucasian women. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(6), 2052-2057 (2004).
    • (2004) Clin. Cancer Res. , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 2052-2057
    • Mehrotra, J.1    Ganpat, M.M.2    Kanaan, Y.3
  • 39
    • 30344437923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between an estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer in black men
    • Hernandez J, Balic I, Johnson-Pais TL et al.: Association between an estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer in black men. J. Urol. 175(2), 523-527 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Urol. , vol.175 , Issue.2 , pp. 523-527
    • Hernandez, J.1    Balic, I.2    Johnson-Pais, T.L.3
  • 40
    • 24744442376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA G10398A polymorphism and invasive breast cancer in African-American women
    • Canter JA, Kallianpur AR, Parl FF et al.: Mitochondrial DNA G10398A polymorphism and invasive breast cancer in African-American women. Cancer Res. 65(17), 8028-8033 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Res. , vol.65 , Issue.17 , pp. 8028-8033
    • Canter, J.A.1    Kallianpur, A.R.2    Parl, F.F.3
  • 41
    • 26644465535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of glut-1 expression using tissue microarrays to determine a race specific prognostic marker for breast cancer
    • Stackhouse BL, Williams H, Berry P et al.: Measurement of glut-1 expression using tissue microarrays to determine a race specific prognostic marker for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 93(3), 247-253 (2005).
    • (2005) Breast Cancer Res. Treat. , vol.93 , Issue.3 , pp. 247-253
    • Stackhouse, B.L.1    Williams, H.2    Berry, P.3
  • 42
    • 0037012339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race, socioeconomic status, and breast cancer treatment and survival
    • Bradley CJ, Given CW, Roberts C: Race, socioeconomic status, and breast cancer treatment and survival. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 94(7), 490-496 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.94 , Issue.7 , pp. 490-496
    • Bradley, C.J.1    Given, C.W.2    Roberts, C.3
  • 43
    • 0036847549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacting cultural attitudes in African-American women to decrease breast cancer mortality
    • Lannin DR, Mathews HF, Mitchell J et al.: Impacting cultural attitudes in African-American women to decrease breast cancer mortality. Am. J. Surg. 184(5), 418-423 (2002).
    • (2002) Am. J. Surg. , vol.184 , Issue.5 , pp. 418-423
    • Lannin, D.R.1    Mathews, H.F.2    Mitchell, J.3
  • 44
    • 33645453872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of survival in African-American and white American patients with breast cancer: Ethnicity compared with socioeconomic status
    • Newman LA, Griffith KA, Jatoi I et al.: Meta-analysis of survival in African-American and white American patients with breast cancer: ethnicity compared with socioeconomic status. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(9), 1342-1349 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 1342-1349
    • Newman, L.A.1    Griffith, K.A.2    Jatoi, I.3
  • 45
    • 0037214908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment choices and response rates in African-American women with breast carcinoma
    • Newman LA, Theriault R, Clendinnin N et al.: Treatment choices and response rates in African-American women with breast carcinoma. Cancer 97(1 Suppl.), 246-252 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer , vol.97 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 246-252
    • Newman, L.A.1    Theriault, R.2    Clendinnin, N.3
  • 46
    • 27244446466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial disparities in treatment and survival among women with early-stage breast cancer
    • Hershman D, McBride R, Jacobson JS et al.: Racial disparities in treatment and survival among women with early-stage breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 23(27), 6639-6646 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.23 , Issue.27 , pp. 6639-6646
    • Hershman, D.1    McBride, R.2    Jacobson, J.S.3
  • 47
    • 0028909867 scopus 로고
    • Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer: The results of 20 years of follow-up
    • Bonadonna G, Valagussa P, Moliterni A et al.: Adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil in node-positive breast cancer: the results of 20 years of follow-up. N. Engl. J. Med. 332(14), 901-906 (1995).
    • (1995) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.332 , Issue.14 , pp. 901-906
    • Bonadonna, G.1    Valagussa, P.2    Moliterni, A.3
  • 48
    • 0019378585 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer
    • Bonadonna G, Valagussa P: Dose-response effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 304(1), 10-15 (1981).
    • (1981) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.304 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-15
    • Bonadonna, G.1    Valagussa, P.2
  • 49
    • 33645455347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Missed opportunities: Racial disparities in adjuvant breast cancer treatment
    • Bickell NA, Wang JJ, Oluwole S et al.: Missed opportunities: racial disparities in adjuvant breast cancer treatment. J. Clin. Oncol. 24(9), 1357-1362 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Oncol. , vol.24 , Issue.9 , pp. 1357-1362
    • Bickell, N.A.1    Wang, J.J.2    Oluwole, S.3
  • 50
    • 0031010751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognosis among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma: Findings from two randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP)
    • Dignam JJ, Redmond CK, Fisher B et al.: Prognosis among African-American women and white women with lymph node negative breast carcinoma: findings from two randomized clinical trials of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP). Cancer 80(1), 80-90 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-90
    • Dignam, J.J.1    Redmond, C.K.2    Fisher, B.3
  • 51
    • 0030906480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and survival from breast cancer: Based on Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 8541
    • Roach M III, Cirrincione C, Budman D et al.: Race and survival from breast cancer: based on Cancer and Leukemia Group B trial 8541. Cancer J. Sci. Am. 3(2), 107-112 (1997).
    • (1997) Cancer J. Sci. Am. , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-112
    • Roach III, M.1    Cirrincione, C.2    Budman, D.3
  • 52
    • 0033984903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in breast cancer prognosis among African-American and Caucasian women
    • Dignam JJ: Differences in breast cancer prognosis among African-American and Caucasian women. CA Cancer J. Clin. 50(1), 50-64 (2000).
    • (2000) CA Cancer J. Clin. , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-64
    • Dignam, J.J.1
  • 53
    • 0025091969 scopus 로고
    • Results of treatment of stage I-III breast cancer in black Americans. The Cook County Hospital experience, 1973-1987
    • Briele HA Jr, Walker MJ, Wild L et al.: Results of treatment of stage I-III breast cancer in black Americans. The Cook County Hospital experience, 1973-1987. Cancer 65(5), 1062-1071 (1990).
    • (1990) Cancer , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 1062-1071
    • Briele Jr., H.A.1    Walker, M.J.2    Wild, L.3
  • 54
    • 0029813554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count
    • Bain BJ: Ethnic and sex differences in the total and differential white cell count and platelet count. J. Clin. Pathol. 49(8), 664-666 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.49 , Issue.8 , pp. 664-666
    • Bain, B.J.1
  • 55
    • 32944482841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic disparities in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer are not caused by excess toxicity in black patients
    • Smith K, Wray L, M. Klein-Cabral et al.: Ethnic disparities in adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer are not caused by excess toxicity in black patients. Clin. Breast Cancer 6(3), 260-269 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Breast Cancer , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 260-269
    • Smith, K.1    Wray, L.2    Klein-Cabral, M.3
  • 56
    • 0033520748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer
    • Gail MH, Costantino JP, Bryant J et al.: Weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 91(21), 1829-1846 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.91 , Issue.21 , pp. 1829-1846
    • Gail, M.H.1    Costantino, J.P.2    Bryant, J.3
  • 57
    • 10644286507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in African-American women treated with tamoxifen
    • McCaskill-Stevens W, Wilson J, Bryant J et al.: Contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in African-American women treated with tamoxifen. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 96(23), 1762-1769 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.96 , Issue.23 , pp. 1762-1769
    • McCaskill-Stevens, W.1    Wilson, J.2    Bryant, J.3
  • 58
    • 12744250974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of African-Americans on Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) breast cancer adjuvant therapy trials
    • (abstr 21) San Antonio, TX, USA
    • Albain K, Unger, JM, Hurchins LF et al.: Outcome of African-Americans on Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) breast cancer adjuvant therapy trials. (abstr 21) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. 2003. San Antonio, TX, USA.
    • (2003) San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium
    • Albain, K.1    Unger, J.M.2    Hurchins, L.F.3
  • 59
    • 20144372095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnicity and breast cancer: Factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome
    • Chlebowski RT, Chen Z, Anderson GL et al.: Ethnicity and breast cancer: factors influencing differences in incidence and outcome. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 97(6), 439-448 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Natl Cancer Inst. , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 439-448
    • Chlebowski, R.T.1    Chen, Z.2    Anderson, G.L.3
  • 60
    • 19644400578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure
    • Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C et al.: Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 351(20), 2049-2057 (2004).
    • (2004) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.351 , Issue.20 , pp. 2049-2057
    • Taylor, A.L.1    Ziesche, S.2    Yancy, C.3
  • 61
    • 0035799754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Race and the response to adrenergic blockade with carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure
    • Yancy CW, Fowler MB, Colucci WS et al.: Race and the response to adrenergic blockade with carvedilol in patients with chronic heart failure. N. Engl. J. Med. 344(18), 1358-1365 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , Issue.18 , pp. 1358-1365
    • Yancy, C.W.1    Fowler, M.B.2    Colucci, W.S.3
  • 62
    • 0035799777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction
    • Exner DV, Dries DL, Domanski MJ et al.: Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction. N. Engl. J. Med. 344(18), 1351-1357 (2001).
    • (2001) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.344 , Issue.18 , pp. 1351-1357
    • Exner, D.V.1    Dries, D.L.2    Domanski, M.J.3
  • 63
    • 0037131879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic contribution to variable human CYP3A-mediated metabolism
    • Lamba JK, Lin YS, Schuetz EG et al.: Genetic contribution to variable human CYP3A-mediated metabolism. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54(10), 1271-1294 (2002).
    • (2002) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.54 , Issue.10 , pp. 1271-1294
    • Lamba, J.K.1    Lin, Y.S.2    Schuetz, E.G.3
  • 64
    • 10444221019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphisms in cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5) may be associated with race and tumor characteristics, but not metabolism and side effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients
    • Tucker AN, Tkaczuk KA, Lewis LM et al.: Polymorphisms in cytochrome P4503A5 (CYP3A5) may be associated with race and tumor characteristics, but not metabolism and side effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients. Cancer Lett. 217(1), 61-72 (2005).
    • (2005) Cancer Lett. , vol.217 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-72
    • Tucker, A.N.1    Tkaczuk, K.A.2    Lewis, L.M.3
  • 65
    • 0034652640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic polymorphisms in uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and association with breast cancer among African-Americans
    • Guillemette C, Millikan RC, Newman B et al.: Genetic polymorphisms in uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and association with breast cancer among African-Americans. Cancer Res. 60(4), 950-956 (2000).
    • (2000) Cancer Res. , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 950-956
    • Guillemette, C.1    Millikan, R.C.2    Newman, B.3
  • 66
    • 7044227917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking, cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms, and breast cancer among African-American and white women
    • Li Y, Millikan RC, Bell DA et al.: Cigarette smoking, cytochrome P4501A1 polymorphisms, and breast cancer among African-American and white women. Breast Cancer Res. 6(4), R460-R473 (2004).
    • (2004) Breast Cancer Res. , vol.6 , Issue.4
    • Li, Y.1    Millikan, R.C.2    Bell, D.A.3
  • 67
    • 7044271023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manganese superoxide dismutase Ala-9Val polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of African-Americans and whites
    • Millikan RC, Player J, de Cotret AR et al.: Manganese superoxide dismutase Ala-9Val polymorphism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of African-Americans and whites. Breast Cancer Res. 6(4), R264-R274 (2004).
    • (2004) Breast Cancer Res. , vol.6 , Issue.4
    • Millikan, R.C.1    Player, J.2    de Cotret, A.R.3
  • 68
    • 2642575788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the expression of cell cycle-regulatory proteins in breast carcinoma
    • Porter PL, Lund MJ, Lin MG et al.: Racial differences in the expression of cell cycle-regulatory proteins in breast carcinoma. Cancer 100(12), 2533-2542 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer , vol.100 , Issue.12 , pp. 2533-2542
    • Porter, P.L.1    Lund, M.J.2    Lin, M.G.3
  • 69
    • 0028937721 scopus 로고
    • Racial disparity in the association of p53 gene alterations with breast cancer survival
    • Shiao YH, Chen VW, Scheer WD et al.: Racial disparity in the association of p53 gene alterations with breast cancer survival. Cancer Res. 55(7), 1485-1490 (1995).
    • (1995) Cancer Res. , vol.55 , Issue.7 , pp. 1485-1490
    • Shiao, Y.H.1    Chen, V.W.2    Scheer, W.D.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.