"Better housekeeping out of doors": Mira Lloyd Dock, the State Federation of Pennsylvania women, and progressive era conservation

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2005, Pages

  Rimby, Susan ^a,b  

^a Department of History ^*

^b SHIPPENSBURG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748974395     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2005.0036     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Robert D. Putnam, Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000), 368.
2. Karl Jacoby, Crimes Against Nature: Squatters, Poachers, Thieves, and the Hidden History of American Conservation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001), 6;
3. and Caroline Merchant, "Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement, 1900-1916," Environmental Review 8, no. 1 (1984): 57.
4. John F. Reiger, American Sportsmen and the Origins of Conservation, 3rd ed. (Corvallis: Oregon State University Press, 2001);
5. Marguerite S. Shaffer, See America First: Tourism and National Identity, 1880-1940 (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001);
6. Mark David Spence, Dispossessing the Wilderness: Indian Removal and the Making of the National Parks (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999);
7. and Louis S. Warren, The Hunter's Game: Poachers and Conservationists in Twentieth-Century America (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997).
8. Dorcetta E. Taylor, Race, Class, Gender, and American Environmentalism (Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2002), 6.
9. Richard W. Judd, Common Lands, Common People: The Origins of Conservation in Northern New England (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).
10. Warren, The Hunter's Game, 22.
11. See Robert Gottlieb, Foraging the Spring: The Transformation of American Environmentalism (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993),
12. and "Reconstructing Environmentalism: Complex Movements, Diverse Movements," in American Environmental History, ed. Louis Warren (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2000), 245-56;
13. Martin V. Melosi, "Environmental Crisis in the City: The Relationship Between Industrialization and Urban Pollution," in Pollution and Reform in American Cities, 1879-1930, ed. Melosi (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980), 3-26,
14. and Garbage in the Cities: Refuse, Reform, and the Environment, 1880-1980 (College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1981);
15. and Taylor, Race, Class, Gender, and American Environmentalism, 14-18.
16. See Benay Blend, "'I was . . . the very Heart of Wildness': Caroline Dormon, Naturalist and Preservation Activist," The Southern Quarterly 35 (Fall 1996): 69-73;
17. Polly Welts Kaufman, National Parks and the Women's Voice: A History (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1996), 27-55;
18. Vera Norwood, Made From This Earth: American Women and Nature (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993);
19. Glenda Riley, "'Wimmin is Everywhere': Conserving and Feminizing Western Landscapes, 1870 to 1940," Western Historical Quarterly 29 (Spring 1998): 4-23;
20. and Shaffer, See America First, 141.
21. Merchant, "Women of the Progressive Conservation Movement," 57.
22. See Robert Clarke, Ellen Swallow: The Woman Who Founded Ecology (Chicago: Follett Publishing Company 1973);
23. Gottlieb, "Restructuring Environmentalism," 245, 249-51,
24. and Forcing the Spring, 48-65;
25. Suellen Hoy, Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 59-85, 103-109,
26. and "'Municipal Housekeeping': The Role of Women in Improving Urban Sanitation Practices, 1880-1917," in Pollution and Reform, 173-94;
27. and Martin V. Melosi, "Refuse Pollution and Municipal Reform: The Waste Problem in America, 1880-1917," in Pollution and Reform, 113-14, 126.
28. See Alfred Runte, National Parks: The American Experience (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979).
29. Margaret Crawford, Building the Workingman's Paradise: The Days of American Company Towns (New York: Verso, 1995), 1-2.
30. For a description of living conditions in company towns see Margaret Crawford, "Earle S. Draper and the Company Town in the American South," in The Company Town: Architecture and Society in the Early Industrial Age, ed. John S. Garner (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), 145-65.
31. Caroline Merchant, "Gender and Environmental History," Journal of American History 76 (March 1990): 1117-18.
32. Kathryn Kish Sklar, "A Call for Comparisons," American Historical Review 95 (October 1990): 1111,
33. and "Hull House in the 1890s: A Community of Women Reformers," Signs 10 (summer 1985): 677.
34. Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1967), 176-80;
35. and Runte, National Parks: The American Experience, 78-82.
36. Karen J. Blair, The Clubwoman as Feminist: True Womanhood Redefined, 1868-1914 (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc., 1980);
37. and Theodora Penny Martin, The Sound of Our Own Voices: Women's Study Clubs, 1860-1910 (Boston: Beacon Press, 1987).
38. Gifford Pinchot, The Fight for Conservation (New York: Doubleday, Page, & Company, 1910), 101-106.
39. Walter Licht, "Civil Wars: 1850-1900," in Pennsylvania: A History of the Commonwealth, ed. Randall M. Miller and William Pencak (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press and the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 2002), 219.
40. Philip Jenkins, "The Postindustrial Age: 1950-2000," in Pennsylvania, 368;
41. and Susan Meo, "Missionaries to the Mountaineers: Pennsylvania State Foresters and Rangers during the Progressive Period," Proteus 40 (spring 2002): 19.
42. Mira L. Dock, "Report of the Vice President of the Central District, 1908-09, State Federation of Pennsylvania Women," Dock Family Papers, hereafter DFP, Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg, PA, hereafter PSA.
43. Norwood, Made From This Earth, 60.
44. Kauffman, National Parks, 68.
45. Mira Lloyd Dock, "The Conservation Department and its Work," [undated], DFP PSA.
46. Dock, "Address to the State Federation."
47. Jessie Bryant Gerard, "Circular Letter to GFWC Forestry Committee," 25 January 1909, DFP PSA.
48. and Ernest Morrison, J. Horace McFarland: A Thorn for Beauty (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1995), 69, 72.
49. "The Harrisburg Plan," [author and newspaper unknown], 20 April 1919, Vance McCormick Papers, Dauphin County Historical Society, Harrisburg, PA, hereafter VMP DCHS.
50. and Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 68-71.
51. Clara M. Rebert to Mira Dock, 1 May 1912, DFP PSA.
52. General Federation of Women's Clubs, Pennsylvania, The Woman's Club of Pittsburgh: Fortis est Ventes, "Blue Stocking Tea" program, South Hills Country Club, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, 19 November 2000, GFWC Archives;
53. and Lulu Gabel Giese, "From the Scrapbook of the Woman's Club of the City of Pittsburgh of Grayce Druitt Latus," 1965, 2, GFWC Archives.
54. "The Pinchot Dynasty," Pennsylvania, 158-59.
55. Joseph S. Illick, "A Sketch of Joseph Trimble Rothrock," [undated], George H. Wirt Papers, PSA, 2.
56. Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 4, 30.
57. "Information Furnished to Yale," [undated], VMP DCHS.
58. Pinchot, The Fight for Conservation, 85.
59. Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind, 171.
60. Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 20.
61. J. Horace McFarland to Mira Lloyd Dock, 25 November 1904, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
62. McFarland, The Awakening of Harrisburg, 15.
63. Mira Lloyd Dock to Elizabeth Hall Peale, 19 September 1914, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
64. For an example see Mira L. Dock, "Report to Commissioners of Forestry," January 1912, DFP PSA.
65. Pennsylvania State Forestry Commission, Report of State Forestry Commission, 1901-1902 (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania State Printer, 1903), 19.
66. Pennsylvania Department of Forestry, Report of the Pennsylvania Department of Forestry for the Years 1908-09 (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania State Printer, 1910), 55.
67. Mary K. Sherman, "National Scenery, Parks And Preparedness" (Washington, DC: General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1917) 1, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
68. Beatrice Founds Conner, "History: GFWC New Century Club of West Chester," GFWC Archives.
69. "75 Year History of Woman's Club of New Castle, Pennsylvania," GFWC Archives.
70. Emma P. Cowden, "Report of the Verbeke St. Playground";
71. Laura Nolle Jenkins, "Report of the Dewitt School Playground on Walnut Street";
72. Mary Elva Pugh, "Report of Penn Playgrounds," 15 September 1900;
73. and "Report of the Harris Building Playground," all in Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
74. Mrs. Harry R. Wilson, Pennsylvania Federation of Women's Clubs, 1895-1945, 12, 22, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
75. Sklar, "Hull House," 677.
76. Gottlieb, Forcing the Spring, 58-59;
77. and Melosi, Garbage in the Cities, 79-102.
78. "One Woman's Work for Trees: Miss Mira Dock, A Loyal Pennsylvanian: How a State Has Been Helped Preserve [sic] its Forests by Feminine Enthusiasm-Development From a Small Beginning - Effectiveness of a Campaign by Club Methods," The (New York) Evening Post, 17 August 1907.
79. "Village Improvement," Evening Star (Ridgway, Pennsylvania), 21 February 1899.
80. Dock, "Report of the Vice President, 1908-1909."
81. and Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 69.
82. Mira Lloyd Dock, "Parks At Low Cost," Harrisburg Telegraph, 10 May 1905, 1;
83. J. Horace McFarland to Mira Lloyd Dock, 2 May 1905, DFP PSA;
84. and "News Items by Cities," The Municipal Journal,
85. reprinted from The Patriot (Harrisburg, PA), 15 November 1904, 56.
86. "Fifty Years of Pennsylvania Forestry," 1936, 1, Wirt Papers, PSA;
87. Forest Leaves 13 (August 1911): 49-52;
88. and Meo, "Missionaries to the Mountaineers," 20.
89. A Civic Primer, published by the General Federation of Women's Clubs, 1904-1906, GFWC Archives.
90. Mira L. Dock, "Arbor Day and Planning Leaflet."
91. Civic Club of Chambersburg Yearbook, 23-25.
92. Sarah R. Paiste to Mira Dock, 27 November 1909, DFP PSA.
93. Mira Dock, "Report on Forestry Work During the Past Year - 1904 - '05, State Federation of Pennsylvania Women," DFP PSA;
94. and Mira Lloyd Dock, "Work of the Year," [undated], DFP PSA.
95. Patty Goring, President of Woman's Club of New Brighton, "Club History," 1-2, GFWC Archives;
96. and The Woman's Club of Pittsburgh, 6.
97. and C. P. Shuttle, Secretary, "Department of Forestry and Town Improvement Report, July 1899," Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
98. Giese, "From the Scrapbook of the Woman's Club of the City of Pittsburgh of Grayce Druitt Latus," 2.
99. Pugh, "Report of the Penn Playgrounds."
100. and "Reconstructing Environmentalism," 246-49;
101. Jacoby Crimes Against Nature, 69-119;
102. Spence, Dispossessing the Wilderness, 55-69, 102-131;
103. Mira Lloyd Dock, "Some Arbor Day Suggestions and Reminders," 1910, 13, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
104. M. L. Dock, State Federation of Pennsylvania Women, Committee on Forestry and Horticulture Spring Circular, 8, Dock Correspondence, Library of Congress, Washington DC.
105. "Constitution, By Laws and Minutes of Mira's Club of Boys, 'The Riverside Juniors,'" DFP PSA;
106. and "Treasurer's Report," The Riverside Juniors, 1900-1901, DFP PSA.
107. Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 80.
108. McFarland, The Awakening of Harrisburg, 3, 10-13.
109. Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 82.
110. and Runte, National Parks, 78-82.
111. Merchant, "Gender and Environmental History," 1118.
112. Mira Lloyd Dock, "Special Note: Measures before Congress," DFP PSA.
113. Morrison, J. Horace McFarland, 127;
114. and State Federation of Pennsylvania Women, "Minutes of the Executive Board," 30 March 1908, State Federation of Pennsylvania Women Papers, PSA.
115. Pennsylvania State Forest Commission, "Resolution," November 1913, DFP PSA.