Identity politics and the domestic context of Turkey's European union accession

Government and Opposition

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 512-533

  Polat, Necati ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33748969846     PISSN: 0017257X     EISSN: 14777053     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00202.x     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. Richard Bellamy, 'Identity Politics: Introduction to a New Series', Government and Opposition, 37: 3 (2002), p. 297.
2. The term comes from Myriam Charbit, 'Shas between Identity Construction and Clientelist Dynamics: The Creation of an "Identity Clientelism" ', Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 9: 3 (2003), pp. 102-28.
3. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, London, Verso, 1991, p. 4.
4. See, for a critique of Anderson from this 'subaltern' perspective, Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1993, ch. 1.
5. See Suat Ilhan, Avrupa Birligiňe Neden Hayir [Why It is No to the European Union], 2 vols, Istanbul, Ötüken Yayinlar, 2000-2;
6. Erol Manisali, İçyüzü ve Perde Arkasiyla Avrupa Çikmazi: Türkiye-Aurupa Birliǧi İlişkileri [The European Impasse, the Inside Story and Behind the Scenes: Turkey and the European Union Relations], Istanbul: Otopsi, 2001.
7. See, for the French republicanism, with special reference to peripheral identities, Daniel Béland, 'Identity Politics and French Republicanism', Society, 40: 5 (2003), pp. 66-71;
8. Edwige Lefebvre, 'Republicanism and Universalism: Factors of Inclusion and Exclusion in the French Concept of Citizenship', Citizenship Studies, 7: 1 (2003), pp. 15-37.
9. See the text accompanying n. 23 below.
10. Declaration by the Senate of Inonu University, quoted in Taha Akyol, 'Koruma ve Kollama' [Protecting and Looking After], Milliyet (a Turkish daily), 11 May 2004.
11. Regular reports on Turkey's progress towards accession, available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/turkey/index.htm.
12. See, for this view, Valéry Giscard D'estaing, 'Turkey is Not Part of Europe', New Perspectives Quarterly, 20: 1 (January 2003), p. 30;
13. Heinrich August Winkler, 'Die Türkei ist kein Teil des "Projekts Europa" ' [Turkey is Not Part of the 'Project Europe'], Internationale Politik, 58: 2 (2003), pp. 59-66.
14. Hürriyet (a Turkish daily), 10 March 2004, and the subsequent editions.
15. Ihsan D. Dagi and Metin Toprak, 'Freedom of Expression in Turkey', paper presented at the Symposium on Freedom of Expression, organized by the Association for Liberal Thinking, Ankara, 8 June 2003.
16. Pollmark survey, discussed in Ihsan D. Dagi and Metin Toprak, 'İnsan Haklarmda Neredeyiz?' [Where Exactly Do We Stand on Human Rights?], Zaman (a Turkish daily), 14 December 2003.
17. See, for the official results, Resmi Gazete [Official Gazette], 25460, 12 May 2004.
18. Pollmark survey, cited in Metin Yuksel, 'AKP Milletvekilleri Hakkinda Bilmek İstediǧiniz Her Şey' [Everything You Wanted to Know About the AKP Deputies], Hürriyet, 14 November 2004.
19. On Nihal Atsiz, see Umut Uzer, 'Racism in Turkey: The Case of Nihal Atsiz', Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 22: 1 (2002), pp. 119-30.
20. Eurobarometer public opinion survey, May 2004, available at http://europa.eu.int/cornm/public_opinion/cceb_en.htm.
21. The decision to open the negotiations was adopted at Brussels European Council, 16-17 December 2004, Conclusions, para. 22, available at http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/councils/bx20041216/index_en.htm. For the Negotiating Framework document, adopted on 3 October 2005,
22. see http://ec.europa.eu/comm/ enlargement/turkey/docs.htm. As of June 2006, the screening process was completed in close to half of 35 separate policy areas. And on 12 June 2006, the actual negotiations began.
23. Radikal (a Turkish daily), 14 April 2004.
24. Hürriyet, 28 May 2004;
25. Sedat Ergin, 'Genelkurmay Hükümeti Ege'de Rahatlatt' [Office of Chief of Staff Eases Government Anxiety over Aegean], Hürriyet, 28 May 2004.
26. See Hürriyet, 26 March 2004;
27. Taha Akyol, 'Kibris ve Kemalizm' [Cyprus and Kemalism], Milliyet, 27 March 2004.
28. Milliyet, 4 March 2004.
29. Murat Yetkin, 'Ankara'da Bakin Neler Oluyor' [See What is Going on in Ankara], Radikal, 4 March 2004.
30. A split within the military has been argued to be the case on Cyprus. See Murat Yetkin, 'Denktaş mi Yanliş Yerde?' [Is it Denktas Who is in the Wrong Place?], Radikal, 13 April 2004. But following the statement by the chief of staff on Cyprus, no news substantiating this argument has come forward.
31. 'Hocalar Askere Güveniyor' [Academics Trust Military], Radikal, 16 November 2004, citing the results of a survey conducted by a team at Gazi University headed by Cagatay Ozdemir.
32. See, in the report, available at http://europa.eu.int/cornm/enlargement/ turkey/index.htm, the evaluation along the third Copenhagen criterion, namely the ability to assume the obligations of membership, ch. 18, 'Education and Training'.
33. Milliyet, 4 May 2004.
34. Milliyet, 5 May 2004, and the subsequent editions.
35. Milliyet, 28 May 2004.
36. Fehmi Koru, 'Bir Kasik Suda Firtina' [A Storm in a Teacup], Yeni Şafak (a Turkish daily), 6 May 2004.
37. See n. 13 above.
38. Hürriyet, 21 April 2004.
39. Hürriyet, 9 June 2004.
40. Hürrniyet., 3 June 2004. Tupras would be tendered for a second time
41. (see Milliyet, 13 September 2005) ;
42. yet the sale of a 14.76 per cent stake would once again be blocked by an administrative court for breaching the principles of openness and competition and for not benefiting the 'public good' (Milliyet, 24 May 2006).
43. See Eser Karakas, 'Ak Parti 'yi Kamu Borcu ile Devirmek İstiyorlar' [They Want to Finish off AKP through Public Debt], Zaman, 4 June 2004;
44. Taha Akyol, 'Özelleştirme ve Kamu Yarari' [Privatization and Public Interest], Milliyet, 4 June 2004.
45. Hürriyet, 4 March 2004.
46. Milli Gazete (a Turkish daily), 14 March 2004, Interviewing Vural Savas, the former chief prosecutor.
47. See also, for Savas's support for Erbakan, Milliyet, 26 March 2004.
48. And see Milli Gazete, 12 March 2004, citing Anil Cecen on a TV interview. Cecen is the academic who called for a severing of relations with Europe and the United States in the gathering commemorating the abolition of caliphate on 3 March. See n. 24.
49. Murat Celikkan, 'Erbakan'a Pes!' [Latest Move by Erbakan Beats All!], Radikal, 24 March 2004.
50. Hürriyet, 1 June 2004.
51. Cengiz Candar, 'Koma Halhideki PKK ve "Savaş Çaǧrisi" ' [PKK in a Coma and 'Call to War'], Dünden Bugüne Tercüman (a Turkish daily), 4 June 2004.
52. The statement by Abdullah Ocalan to his lawyers on 19 April 2004, as reported by the Kurdish news agency Rojname News Network, available at http://www.rojname.com/print.php?sid=4504.
53. 'AB Sürecine Engel Olacaǧimizi Biliyoruz' [We Know We May Disrupt EU Process], interview with Zubeyir Aydar, the acting head of the PKK, Yeni Şafak, 4 June 2004.
54. Quoted in Alev Er, 'Saflaşmaya Dikkat' [Beware of Line of Confrontation], 14 June 2004, available at http://www.gazetem.net (online news analysis by independent journalists).
55. See n. 18 above.
56. Milliyet, 10-11 November 2005.
57. Milliyet, 7 March 2006. The prosecutor, who also alleged in passing the possible involvement of the commander of the land forces in the activities of the provocateurs, would be disbarred by the High Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors for making the allegation without sufficient proof and for overstepping authority, though the indictment on the whole would go through and form the basis of the legal proceedings over the bombing incident.
58. See Milliyet, 21 April 2006.
59. Milliyet, 12 May 2006.
60. Milliyet, 18 May 2006.
61. Ertugrul Ozkok, 'Cumhuriyet'in 11 Eylül'ü' [The September 11 of the Republic] Hürriyet, 18 May 2006.
62. Milliyet, 19 May 2006.
63. Radikal, 21, 22 and 23 May 2006.
64. Radikal, 1-2 June 2006.