Tools

Serçe Limani: An Eleventh-Century Shipwreck

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 297-326

  Hocker, Frederick M ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 33748910735     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (19)

1. The illustrated manuscripts, of which fourteen predating the first printed edition (1480) survive, have been collected and analyzed in an excellent article by A. Bryer, "Byzantine Agricultural Implements: The Evidence of Medieval Illustrations of Hesiod's Works and Days," BSA 81 (1986): 45-80, including reproductions of all of the relevant illustrations. The tools listed by Hesiod (lines 423-436 and 468-470) are the mortar, pestle, mallet, wheel, plough, cart, mattock, and goad. The copyists added seventeen others, including several types of ax, saws, the bill hook, chisel, and auger.
2. The blades of this type of adze, which are flat and smooth on both sides and taper toward the top, with either projections (lugs) at the sides or a neck at the top, are common finds throughout Late Bronze Age Egypt and the Levant; see R. Maxwell-Hyslop, "Bronze Lugged Axe-or Adze-Blades from Asia," Iraq 15 (1953): 69-87;
3. and W. M. F. Petrie, Tools and Weapons, p. 18.
4. On medieval Balkan adzes in general, see I. Cangova, "Medieval Tools in Bulgaria," BIABulgi, (1962): 39-41 and pl. VI.
5. E. Schilbach, Byzantinische Metrologie, pp. 13
6. H. C. Mercer, Ancient Carpenters' Tools, pp. 17-18.
7. B. Arnold, "Some Remarks on Caulking in Celtic Boat Construction and Its Evolution in Areas Lying Northwest of the Alpine Arc," IJNA 6 (1977): 293-297.
8. B. Liou, "L'épave romaine de l'anse Gerbal à Port-Vendres," CRAI (1974): 422.
9. F. H. van Doorninck, Jr., personal communication, 1988 and, with fuller discussion, 1991.
10. L. R. Shelby, "Medieval Masons' Tools: The Level and the Plumb Rule," Technology and Culture 2 (1961): 127-130;
11. Shelby, "Medieval Masons' Tools. II. Compass and Square," Technology and Culture 6 (1965): 236-248.
12. Udell, "Woodworking Tools from the Ma'agan Micha'el Shipwreck," pp. 19-20.
13. K. D. White, Agricultural Implements of the Roman World, pp. 72-90.
14. Petrie, Tools and Weapons, pp. 46-47.
15. White, Agricultural Implements of the Roman World, pp. 61-62.
16. Since at least the eighteenth century, sailmaker's needles have been triangular in section toward the point; C. S. Gill, ed., Steel's Elements of Mastmaking, Sailmaking and Rigging (From the 1794 Edition), p. 64.
17. F. H. van Doorninck, Jr., personal communication, 1989 and 1991.I wish to thank van Doorninck for his views on this enigmatic piece and for his clear memories of its conservation.
18. C. Pulak and R. F. Townsend, "The Hellenistic Shipwreck at Serçe Limani, Turkey: Preliminary Report," AJA 91 (1987): 37, n. 22, provide a summary bibliography of earlier sites with chain pump evidence.
19. An extensive secondary bibliography is provided in J. H. Pryor, "The Naval Architecture of Crusader Transport Ships," MM 70 (1984): 193, nn. 1-4.