Multivariate perspectives on change and continuity in the Middle Stone Age lithics from Klasies River Mouth, South Africa

Journal of Human Evolution

Volumn 51, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 429-439

  McCall, Grant S ^a  

^a E11 SSH   (United States)

Author keywords

Howiesons Poort; Klasies River Mouth; Microlithic technology; Middle Stone Age

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; ARCHAEOLOGY; CAVE; MESOLITHIC;

AFRICA; KLASIES RIVER; SOUTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

EID: 33748909924     PISSN: 00472484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.06.003     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Ambrose S.H. Chronology of the Later Stone Age and food production in East Africa. J. Archaeol. Sci. 25 (1998) 377-392
2. Ambrose S.H. Small things remembered: origins of early microlithic industries in Sub-Saharan Africa. In: Kuhn S.L., and Elston R.G. (Eds). Thinking Small: Global Perspectives on Microlithization. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 12 (2002), American Anthropological Association, Arlington 9-30
3. Ambrose S.H. Howiesons Poort lithic raw material procurement patterns and the evolution of modern human behavior: a response to Minichillo. J. Hum. Evol. 50 (2006) 365-369
4. Ambrose S.H., and Lorenz K.G. Social and ecological models for the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa. In: Mellars P. (Ed). The Emergence of Modern Humans (1990), Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 3-33
5. Avery D.M. Late Pleistocene coastal environment of the southern Cape Province of South Africa: micromammals from Klasies River Mouth. J. Archaeol. Sci. 14 (1987) 405-421
6. Barham L.S., and Smart P.L. An early date for the Middle Stone Age of central Zambia. J. Hum. Evol. 30 (1996) 287-290
7. Bar-Yosef O. On the nature of transitions: the Middle to Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic revolution. Camb. Archaeol. J. 8 (1998) 141-163
8. Bar-Yosef O. The middle and early Upper Paleolithic in Southwest Asia and neighboring regions. In: Bar-Yosef O., and Pilbeam D. (Eds). The Geography of Neanderthals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean (2000), Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge 107-156
9. Bar-Yosef O. The Upper Paleolithic revolution. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 31 (2002) 363-393
10. Bar-Yosef O., and Kuhn S.L. The big deal about blades: laminar technologies and human evolution. Am. Anthropol. 101 (1999) 322-338
11. Binford L.R. Forty-seven trips: a case study in the character of some formation processes of the archaeological record. In: Hall E.S. (Ed). Contributions to Anthropology: The Interior of Peoples of Northern Alaska. Mercury Series Paper No. 49 (1976), National Museum of Man, Ottawa 299-351
12. Binford L.R. Faunal Remains from Klasies River Mouth (1984), Academic Press, Orlando
13. Binford L.R., and Binford S.R. A preliminary analysis of functional variability in the Near Eastern Mousterian of Levallois facies. Am. Anthropol. 68 (1966) 238-295
14. Bleed P. The optimal design of hunting weapons: maintainability or reliability. Am. Antiq. 51 (1986) 737-747
15. Boëda E. Levallois: a volumetric construction, methods, and technique. In: Bar-Yosef O., and Dibble H.L. (Eds). The Definition and Interpretation of Levallois Technology. Wisconsin Monographs in Prehistory, No. 23 (1995), Prehistoric Press, Madison 41-68
16. Bordes, F., 1961. Typologie du Paleolithique Ancien et Moyen. Memoires de l'Institut Prehistoriques de l'Universite de Bordeaux I, Bordeaux.
17. Clark J.D. The Prehistory of Southern Africa (1959), Pelican, London
18. Clark J.D. Africa in prehistory: peripheral or paramount?. Man 10 (1975) 175-198
19. Deacon H.J. Late Pleistocene paleoecology and archaeology in the southern Cape, South Africa. In: Mellars P., and Stringer C. (Eds). The Human Revolution: Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans (1989), Princeton University Press, Princeton 547-564
20. Deacon H.J. Southern Africa and modern human origins. In: Aitken M.J., Stringer C.B., and Mellars P. (Eds). The Origins of Modern Humans and the Impact of Chronometric Dating (1993), Princeton University Press, Princeton 104-117
21. Deacon H.J. Two late Pleistocene-Holocene archaeological depositories from the southern Cape, South Africa. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 50 (1995) 121-131
22. Deacon H.J., and Deacon J. Human Beginnings in South Africa (1999), David Phillip Publishers, Cape Town
23. Dibble H.L. Typological aspects of reduction and intensity of utilization of lithic resources in the French Mousterian. In: Dibble H.L., and Monet-White A. (Eds). Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia (1988), University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia 181-197
24. Feathers J.K. Luminescence dating in less than ideal conditions: case studies from Klasies River main site and Duinefontein, South Africa. J. Archaeol. Sci. 29 (2002) 177-194
25. Goodwin A.J.H., and van Riet Lowe C. The Stone Age cultures of South Africa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 27 (1929) 1-289
26. Greaves R.D. Hunting and multifunctional use of bows and arrows: ethnoarchaeology of technological organization among Pume hunters of Venezuela. In: Knecht H. (Ed). Projectile Technology (1997), Plenum Press, New York 287-320
27. Henshilwood C.S., d'Errico F.E., Marean C.W., Milo R.G., and Yates R. An early bone tool industry from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, South Africa: implications for the origins of modern human behaviour, symbolism and language. J. Hum. Evol. 41 (2001) 631-678
28. Henshilwood C.S., and Marean C.W. The origin of modern human behavior: critique of the models and their test implications. Curr. Anthropol. 44 (2003) 627-651
29. Henshilwood C.S., and Sealy J.C. Bone artefacts from the Middle Stone Age at Blombos Cave, southern Cape, South Africa. Curr. Anthropol. 38 (1997) 890-895
30. Henshilwood C.S., Sealy J.C., Yates R.J., Cruz-Uribe K., Goldberg P., Grine F.E., Klein R.G., Poggenpoel C., van Niekerk K.L., and Watts I. Blombos Cave, southern Cape, South Africa: preliminary report on the 1992-1999 excavations of the Middle Stone Age levels. J. Archaeol. Sci. 28 (2001) 421-448
31. Henshilwood C.S., d'Errico F., Vanhaeren M., van Niekerk K., and Jacobs Z. Middle Stone Age shell beads from South Africa. Science 384 (2004) 404
32. Henshilwood C.S., d'Errico F., Yates R., Jacobs Z., Tribolo C., Duller G.A.T., Mercier N., Sealy J.C., Valladas H., Watts I., and Wintle A.G. Emergence of modern human behaviour: Middle Stone Age engravings from South Africa. Science 295 (2002) 1278-1280
33. Klein R.G. The mammalian fauna of the Klasies River Mouth sites, Southern Cape Province, South Africa. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 31 (1976) 75-98
34. Klein R.G. The problem of modern human origins. In: Nitecki M.H., and Nitecki D.V. (Eds). The Origins of Anatomically Modern Humans (1994), Plenum Press, New York 3-17
35. Klein R.G. Anatomy, behavior, and modern human origins. J. World Prehist. 9 (1995) 167-198
36. Klein R.G. The Human Career: Human Biological and Cultural Origins. second ed. (1999), University of Chicago Press, Chicago
37. Klein R.G. Archaeology and the evolution of human behavior. Evol. Anthropol. 9 (2000) 17-36
38. Kuhn S.L. Mousterian Lithic Technology: An Ecological Perspective (1995), Princeton University Press, Princeton
39. Klein R.G. Southern Africa and modern human origins. J. Anthropol. Res. 57 (2001) 1-16
40. Klein R.G., and Cruz-Uribe K. Exploitation of large bovids and seals and Middle and Later Stone Age sites in South Africa. J. Hum. Evol. 31 (1996) 315-334
41. Lombard M. The Howiesons Poort of South Africa: what we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know. S. Afr. Humanit. 17 (2005) 33-55
42. McBrearty S., and Brooks A.S. The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior. J. Hum. Evol. 39 (2000) 453-563
43. Mehlman M.J. Mumba-Höhle revisited: the relevance of a forgotten excavation to some current issues in East African prehistory. World Archaeol. 11 (1979) 80-94
44. Mehlman, M.J., 1989. Late Quaternary archaeological sequences in northern Tanzania. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana.
45. Mellars P.A. The character of the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in south-west France. In: Renfrew C. (Ed). The Explanation of Culture Change (1973), Duckworth, London 255-276
46. Mellars P.A. Technological changes across the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition: economic, social, and cognitive perspectives. In: Mellars P., and Stringer C. (Eds). The Human Revolution: Behavioral and Biological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans (1989), Princeton University Press, Princeton 338-365
47. Mellars P.A. Cognitive changes and the emergence of modern humans in Europe. Cambridge Archaeol. J. 1 (1991) 63-76
48. Mellars P.A. Symbolism, language, and the Neanderthal mind. In: Mellars P., and Gibson K.R. (Eds). Modeling the Human Mind (1995), McDonald Institute Monographs, Cambridge 15-32
49. Mellars P.A. The Neanderthal Legacy: An Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe (1996), Princeton University Press, Princeton
50. Mellars P.A. The Neanderthal problem continued. Curr. Anthropol. 40 (1999) 341-364
51. Mellars P.A. The impossible coincidence: a single-species model of the origins of modern human behavior in Europe. Evol. Anthropol. 14 (2005) 12-27
52. Minichillo T. Raw material and behavioral modernity: Howiesons Poort lithic foraging strategies. J. Hum. Evol. 50 (2006) 359-364
53. Parkington J. A critique of the consensus view on the age of the Howiesons Poort assemblages in South Africa. In: Mellars P. (Ed). The Emergence of Modern Humans: An Archaeological Perspective (1990), Cornell University Press, Ithaca 34-55
54. Parry W.J., and Kelly R.L. Expedient core technology and sedentism. In: Johnson J.K., and Morrow C.K. (Eds). The Organization of Core Technology (1987), Westview Press, Boulder 285-304
55. Sampson C.G. The Stone Age Archaeology of South Africa (1974), Academic Press, New York
56. Shea J.J. Middle Paleolithic spear point technology. In: Knecht H. (Ed). Projectile Technology (1997), Plenum Press, New York 79-106
57. Singer R., and Wymer J.J. The Middle Stone Age at Klasies River Mouth in South Africa (1982), Chicago University Press, Chicago
58. Stringer C.B. Current issues in modern human origins. In: Meikle W.E., Howell F.C., and Jablonski N.G. (Eds). Contemporary Issues in Human Evolution (1996), California Academy of Science, San Francisco 115-134
59. Thackeray A.I. The Middle Stone Age south of the Limpopo River. J. World Prehist. 6 (1992) 385-440
60. Thackeray J.F. Late Quaternary environmental changes inferred from small mammalian fauna, southern Africa. Clim. Change 10 (1987) 285-305
61. Torrence R. Time budgeting and hunter-gatherer technology. In: Bailey G. (Ed). Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory: A European Perspective (1983), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 11-22
62. Torrence R. Thinking big about small tools. In: Kuhn S.L., and Elston R.G. (Eds). Thinking Small: Global Perspectives on Microlithization. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 12 (2002), American Anthropological Association, Arlington 179-190
63. Tribolo, C., 2003. Apport des methodes de la luminescence a la chronologie des techno-facies du Middle Stone Age associes aux premiers hommes modernes du Sud de l'Afrique. Ph.D. Dissertation, l'Univesité Bordeaux I.
64. van Andel T.H. Late Pleistocene sea levels and human exploitation of the shore and shelf of southern South Africa. J. Field Archaeol. 16 (1989) 133-155
65. van Peer P., Vermeersch P.M., Moeyersons J., and van Neer W. Paleolithic sequences of Sodmein Cave, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt. In: Pwiti G., and Soper R. (Eds). Aspects of African Archaeology (1996), University of Zimbabwe Publishers, Harare 149-156
66. Villa P., Delagnes A., and Wadley L. A late Middle Stone Age artifact assemblage from Sibudu (KwaZulu-Natal): comparisons with the European Middle Paleolithic. J. Archaeol. Sci. 32 (2005) 1-24
67. Vogel J.C. Radiometric dates for the Middle Stone Age in South Africa. In: Tobias P.V., Raath M.A., Maggi-Cecchi J., and Doyle G.A. (Eds). Humanity from African Naissance to Coming Millenia-Colloquia in Human Biology and Paleoanthropology (2001), University of Florence Press, Florence 261-268
68. Vogelsang R. Middle Stone Age Fundstellen in Südwest-Namibia (1998), Heinrich-Barth Institut, Köln
69. Wiessner P. Style and social information in Kalahari San projectile points. Am. Antiq. 48 (1983) 253-276
70. Wurz, S., 1997. The Howiesons Poort at Klasies River: from artifacts to cognition. Master's Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
71. Wurz S. The Howiesons Poort back artefacts from Klasies River: an argument for symbolic behavior. S. Afr. Archaeol. Bull. 54 (1999) 38-50
72. Wurz S. Variability in the Middle Stone Age lithic sequence, 115,000 to 60,000 years ago at Klasies River, South Africa. J. Archaeol. Sci. 29 (2002) 1001-1015
73. Wurz S., le Roux N.J., Gardner S., and Deacon H.J. Discriminating between the end products of the earlier Middle Stone Age sub-stages at Klasies River using biplot methodology. J. Archaeol. Sci. 30 (2003) 1107-1126