Microscopic diagnosis of dysbacteriosis in stained vaginal smears in clinical practice

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Volumn 34, Issue 10, 2006, Pages 686-691

  Verbruggen, Banut Sabine M ^a,b   Boon, Mathilde E ^a,c   Melkerl, Peter ^a   Van Haaften, Maarten ^b   Heintz, A Peter M ^d  

^a LEIDEN CYTOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY LABORATORY   (Netherlands)

^b DEPARTMENT OF SURGERY   (Netherlands)

^c Organization for Cervical Screening West Netherlands   (Netherlands)

^d UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Clinician; Disturbance of vaginal flora; Dysbacteriosis

Indexed keywords

METRONIDAZOLE;

ADULT; ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIA; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DYSBACTERIOSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; LACTOBACILLUS; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROSCOPY; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; NONHUMAN; PATHOLOGIST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; STANDARD; TRICHOMONAS; UTERINE CERVIX CYTOLOGY; VAGINA FLORA; VAGINA SMEAR; VAGINITIS;

ADULT; CHLAMYDIACEAE INFECTIONS; COLORING AGENTS; CYTODIAGNOSIS; FALSE NEGATIVE REACTIONS; FEMALE; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LACTOBACILLACEAE; MYCOSES; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; VAGINA; VAGINAL SMEARS;

EID: 33748789620     PISSN: 87551039     EISSN: 10970339     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dc.20530     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Wang J. Bacterial vaginosis. Prim Care Update Ob Gyns 2000;7:181-185.
2. Morris M, Nicoll A, Simms I, Wilson J, Catchpole M, Bacterial vaginosis: A public health review. BJOG 2001;108:439-450.
3. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Homes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983;74(1):14-22.
4. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing BV is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:297-301.
5. Schwebke JR, Millier SL, Sobel JD, McGregor JA, Sweet RL. Validity of vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:573-576.
6. Egan M, Lipsky MS. Vaginitis: Case reports and brief review. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2002;16:367-373.
7. Petersen CS, Danielsen AG, Renneberg J. Direct of referral microscopy of vaginal wet smear for bacterial vaginosis: Experience from an STD clinic. Acta Derm Venereol 1999;79:473, 474.
8. Thomason JL, Gelbart SM, Anderson RJ, Walt AK, Osypowski PJ, Broekhuizen FF. Statistical evaluation of diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:155-160.
9. Millier SL. Diagnostic microbiology of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:455-459.
10. Platz-Christensen JJ, Larsson PG, Sundstrom E, Wiqvist N. Detection of bacterial vaginosis in wet mount, Papanicolaou stained vaginal smears and in gram stained smears. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995;74:67-70.
11. Thomason JL, Anderson RJ, Gelbart SM, et al. Simplified gram stain interpretive method for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;167:16-19.
12. Tam MT, Yungbluth M, Myles T. Gram stain method shows better sensitivity than clinical criteria for detection of bacterial vaginosis in surveillance of pregnant, low-income women in a clinical setting. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 1998;6:204-208.
13. Hay PE, Taylor-Robinson D, Lament RF. Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in a gynaecology clinic. BJOG 1992;99:63-66.
14. Davis JD, Connor EE, Clark P, Wilkinson EL, Duff P. Correlation between cervical cytologic results and Gram stain as diagnostic tests for bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:532-535.
15. Owen MK, Clenney TL. Management of vaginitis. Am Fam Physician 2004;70:2125-2132.
16. Landers DV, Wiesnefeld HC, Heine RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Predictive value of the clinical diagnosis of lower genital tract infection in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:1004-1010.
17. French C, Horton J, Matousek M. Abnormal vaginal discharge: What does and does not work in treating underlying causes. J Fam Pract 2004;53:890-894.
18. Franklin TL, Monif GR. Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. Coexistence in vaginal wet mount preparations from pregnant women. J Reprod Med 2000;45:131-134.
19. Ferris DG, Hendrich J, Payne PM, et al. Office laboratory diagnosis of vaginitis. Clinician-performed tests compared with a rapid nucleic acid hybridization test. J Fam Pract 1995;41:575-581.
20. Klebanoff MA, Schwebke JR, Zhang J, Nansel TR, Vu KF, Andrews WW. Vulvovaginal symptoms in women with bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:267-272.
21. Gjerdingen D, Fontaine P, Bixby M, Santilli J, Welsh J. The impact of regular vaginal pH screening on the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy. J Fam Pract 2000;49:39-43.
22. Brown D, Jr. Clinical variability of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. J Reprod Med 2004;49:781-786.
23. Schmidt H, Hansen JG. A wet smear criterion for bacterial vaginosis. Scand J Prim Health Care 1994;12:233-238.
24. Thinkhamrop J, Lumbiganon P, Thongkrajai P, Chongsomchai C, Pakarasang M. Vaginal fluid pH as a screening test for vaginitis. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1999;66:143-148.
25. Gutman RE, Peipert JF, Weilzen S, Blume J. Evaluation of clinical methods for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. Obstel Gynecol 2005;105:551-556.
26. Pavletic AJ, Hawes SE, Geske JA, Bringe K, Polack SH. Experience of routine vaginal pH testing in a family practice selling. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2004;12:63-68.
27. Lamont RE, Hudson EA, Hay PE, et al. A comparison of the use of Papanicolaou-stained cervical cytological smears with gram stained vaginal smears for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in early pregnancy. Int J STD AIDS 1999;10:93-97.
28. Anderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA 2004;291:1368-1379.
29. O'Dowd TC, West RR, Winterburn PJ, Hewlins MJ. Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for bacterial vaginosis. BJOG 1996;103:366-370.
30. Langsford MJ, Dobbs FF, Morrison GM, Dance DA. The effect of introduction of a guideline on the management of vaginal discharge and in particular bacterial vaginosis in primary care. Fam Pract 2001;18:253-257.