Event-related potentials and visual avoidance in blood phobics: Is there any attentional bias?

Depression and Anxiety

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 304-311

  Buodo, Giulia ^a,c   Sarlo, Michela ^a   Codispoti, Maurizio ^b   Palomba, Daniela ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^c Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale   (Italy)

Author keywords

Arousal; Blood phobia; Event related potentials; Free viewing time; Valence

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AFFECT; AROUSAL; ARTICLE; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; BLOOD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EMOTION; EROTISM; EVENT RELATED POTENTIAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; PHOBIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS; SELF REPORT; SPORT; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADULT; AROUSAL; ATTENTION; BLOOD; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INJECTIONS; PHOBIC DISORDERS; VISUAL PERCEPTION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 33748763548     PISSN: 10914269     EISSN: 15206394     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/da.20172     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. American Psychiatric Association, 2000. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed., text rev. Washington, DC: Author.
2. Barker K, Robertson N. 1997. Selective processing and fear of spiders: Use of the Stroop task to assess interference for spider-related, movement, and disgust information. Cogn Emotion 11: 331-336.
3. Beck AT. 1976. Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. New York: International Universities Press. 365p.
4. Bienvenu OJ, Eaton WW. 1998. The epidemiology of blood-injection-injury phobia. Psychol Med 28:1129-1136.
5. Bower GH. 1981. Mood and memory. Am Psychol 36:129-148.
6. Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Cuthbert BN, Lang PJ. 2001. Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion 1:276-298.
7. Bradley MM, Lang PJ. 1994. Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 25:49-59.
8. Brown TA, Di Nardo PA, Barlow DH. 1994. Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
9. Buodo G, Sarlo M, Palomba D. 2002. Attentional resources measured by reaction times highlight differences within pleasant and unpleasant, high arousing stimuli. Motiv Emotion 26:123-138.
10. Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention (CSEA-NIMH). 1999. The International Affective Picture System: Digitized photographs. Gainesville, FL: Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
11. Cook EWI. 1997. VPM reference manual. Birmingham, AL: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama.
12. Cuthbert BN, Schupp HT, Bradley MM, McManis M, Lang PJ. 1998. Probing affective pictures: Attended startle and tone probes. Psychophysiology 35:344-347.
13. De Pascalis V, Strippoli E, Riccardi P, Vergari F. 2004. Personality, event-related potential (ERP) and heart rate (HR) in emotional word processing. Pers Individ Diff 36:873-891.
14. Elbert T, Rockstroh B. 1987. Threshold regulation-a key to the understanding of the combined dynamics of EEG and event-related potentials. Int J Psychophysiol 4:317-333.
15. Engel GL. 1978. Psychologic stress, vasodepressor (vasovagal) syncope, and sudden death. Ann Intern Med 89:403-412.
16. Eysenck MW. 1992. Anxiety: the cognitive perspective. Hove, UK: Erlbaum. 195p.
17. Gratton G, Coles MG, Donchin E. 1983. A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 55:468-484.
18. Gutberlet I, Miltner WHR. 1998. Therapeutic effects on differential electrocortical processing of phobic objects in spider and snake phobies. Psychophysiology 35(Suppl 1):S36.
19. Hamm AO, Cuthbert BN, Globisch J, Vaitl D. 1997. Fear and the startle reflex: Blink modulation and autonomic response patterns in animal and mutilation fearful subjects. Psychophysiology 34: 97-107.
20. Jasper HH. 1958. The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 10: 371-375.
21. Klorman R, Weerts TC, Hastings JE, Melamed BG, Lang PJ. 1974. Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires. Behav Ther 5:401-409.
22. Lang PJ. 1995. The emotion probe. Am Psychol 50:372-385.
23. Lang PJ, Greenwald MK, Bradley MM, Hamm AO. 1993. Looking at pictures: Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology 30:261-273.
24. Mathews A. 1990. Why worry?: The cognitive function of anxiety. Behav Res Ther 28:455-468.
25. Miltner WHR, Krieschel S, Gutberlet I. 2000. P300-a signature for threat processing in phobic subjects. Psychophysiology 37(Suppl 1):S71.
26. Miltner WHR, Trippe RH, Krieschel S, Gutberlet I, Hecht H, Weiss T. 2005. Event-related brain potentials and affective responses to threat in spider/snake-phobic and non-phobic subjects. Int J Psychophysiol 57:43-52.
27. Mogg K, Bradley BP. 1998. A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety. Behav Res Ther 36:809-848.
28. Mogg K, Mathews A, Weinman J. 1987. Memory bias in clinical anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol 96:94-98.
29. Öhman A. 1997. As fast as the blink of an eye: Evolutionary preparedness for preattentive processing of threat. In: Lang PJ, Simons RF, Balaban MT, editors. Attention and orienting: Sensory and motivational processing. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, p 1-27.
30. Öhman A, Flykt A, Esteves F. 2001. Emotion drives attention: Detecting the snake in the grass. J Exp Psychol Gen 130:466-478.
31. Öhman A, Mineka S. 2001. Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning. Psychol Rev 108: 483-522.
32. Öst LG. 1992. Blood and injection phobia: Background and cognitive, physiological, and behavioral variables. J Abnorm Psychol 101:68-74.
33. Palomba D, Angrilli A, Mini A. 1997. Visual evoked potentials, heart rate responses and memory to emotional pictorial stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 27:55-67.
34. Pauli P, Dengler W, Wiedemann G, Montoya P, Flor H, Birbaumer N, Buchkremer G. 1997. Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for altered processing of anxiety-related words in panic disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 106:213-220.
35. Pflugshaupt T, Mosimann UP, von Wartburg R, Schmitt W, Nyffeler T, Müri RM. 2005. Hypervigilance-avoidance pattern in spider phobia. J Anxiety Disord 19:105-116.
36. Polich J, Kok A. 1995. Cognitive and biological determinants of P300: An integrative review. Biol Psychol 41:103-146.
37. Sawchuk CN, Lohr JM, Lee TC, Tolin DF. 1999. Exposure to disgust-evoking imagery and information processing biases in blood-injection-injury phobia. Behav Res Ther 37:249-257.
38. Sawchuk CN, Meunier SA, Lohr JM, Westendorf DH. 2002. Fear, disgust, and information processing in specific phobia: The application of signal detection theory. J Anxiety Disord 16:495-510.
39. Schneider W. 1988. Micro Experimental Laboratory: An integrated system for IBM-PC compatibles. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 20:206-217.
40. Schupp HT, Cuthbert BN, Bradley MM, Birbaumer N, Lang PJ. 1997. Probe P3 and blinks: Two measures of affective startle modulation. Psychophysiology 34:1-6.
41. Stanford MS, Vasterling JJ, Mathias CW, Constans JI, Houston RJ. 2001. Impact of threat relevance on P3 event-related potentials in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 102: 125-137.
42. Tolin DF, Lohr JM, Lee TC, Sawchuk CN. 1999. Visual avoidance in specific phobia. Behav Res Ther 37:63-70.
43. Tolin DF, Lohr JM, Sawchuk CN, Lee TC. 1997. Disgust and disgust sensitivity in blood-injection-injury and spider phobia. Behav Res Ther 35:949-953.
44. Watts FN, McKenna FP, Sharrock R, Trezise L. 1986. Colour naming of phobia-related words. Br J Psychol 77:97-108.
45. Wolpe J, Lang PJ. 1964. A fear survey schedule for use in behaviour therapy. Behav Res Ther 2:27-30.
46. Woody SR, Teachman B. 2000. Intersection of disgust and fear: Normative and pathological views. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 7: 291-311.