Use of a geographic information system to track smelter-related lead exposures in children: North Lake Macquarie, Australia, 1991-2002

International Journal of Health Geographics

Volumn 5, Issue , 2006, Pages

  Willmore, Alan ^a   Sladden, Tim ^b   Bates, Lucy ^c   Dalton, Craig B ^c,d  

^a CENTRE FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RESEARCH   (Australia)

^b SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY   (New Caledonia)

^c HUNTER NEW ENGLAND POPULATION HEALTH   (Australia)

^d UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LEAD; ZINC; SOIL POLLUTANT;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; BLOOD ANALYSIS; CHILD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT; EXPLANATORY VARIABLE; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM; HUMAN; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LEAD POISONING; LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; PREDICTION; RESIDENTIAL CARE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SAMPLING; SMELTER; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOIL POLLUTION; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE; ANALYSIS; BLOOD; INFANT; METALLURGY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SOIL POLLUTANT;

CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; INFANT; LEAD; LINEAR MODELS; METALLURGY; NEW SOUTH WALES; SOIL POLLUTANTS;

EID: 33748713493     PISSN: 1476072X     EISSN: 1476072X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1476-072X-5-30     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Morrison AL: Are they really a problem? An examination of the chemistry and oral bioaccessibility of base metal smelter slags in North Lake Macquarie, NSW. Graduate School of the Environment, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW Australia; 2002.
2. Galvin J, Stephenson J, Wlodarczyk J, Loughran R, Waller G: Living near a lead smelter: an environmental health risk assessment in Boolaroo and Argenton, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Public Health 1993, 17(4):373-378.
3. Galvin J, Stephenson J, Waller G, Loughran R, Clarke R, Wlordarczyk J: Report on the Hunter lead study (Boolaroo/Argenton/Speers Point). Hunter Public Health Unit Hunter Area Health Service, Newcastle NSW Australia 1992.
4. National Health and Medical Research Council: Lead in Australians. Summary statement of the 115th session of the National Health and Medical Research Council 1993.
5. Hilts S. Effects of smelter emission reductions on children's blood lead levels. The Science of the Total Environment 2003, 305:51-58.
6. Albalak R, McElroy RH, Noonan G, Buchanan S, Jones RL, Flanaers WD, Gotway-Crawford C, Kim D, Dignam T, Daley W, Jarrett J, Eduardo E, McGeehin M: Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in a Mexican smelting community. Archives of Environmental Health 2003, 58(3):172-183.
7. Maravelias C, Hatzakis A, Katsouyanni K, Trichopoulos D, Koutselinis A, Ewers U, Brockhaus A: Exposure to lead and cadmium of children living near a lead smelter at Lavrion, Greece. The Science of the Total Environment 1989, 84:61-70.
8. Trepka MJ, Heinrich J, Krause C, Schulz C, Uppold U, Meyer E, Wichmann H: The internal burden of lead among children in a smelter town - a small area analysis. Environmental Research 1997, 72:118-130.
9. Brunekreef B, Veenstra SJ, Biersteker K, Boleij JS: The Arnhem lead study - lead uptake by 1 - to 3-year-old children living in the vicinity of a secondary lead smelter in Arnhem, The Netherlands. Environmental Research 1981, 25:441-448.
10. Letourneau G, Gagne D: Blood lead level in children living close to a smelter area: 10 years later. Canadian Journal of Public Health 1992, 83(3):221-225.
11. Bates L, Sinclair D, Mackenzie A. Attitudes to routine testing for elevated blood lead levels in schools near a lead smelter. Environmental Health 2004, 4(1):45-51.
12. SAS Institute Inc: SAS 8.02 TS Level 02MO. Cary, NC, USA: 2001.
13. Gulson B, Mizon K, Davis J, Palmer J, Vimpani G: Identification of sources of lead in children in a primary zinc-lead smelter environment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004, 112(1):52-60.
14. MapInfo Corporation: MapMarker Australia Version 8.00.0.01. In Data Revision: SP801a Troy, NY, USA; 2003.
15. MapInfo Corporation: MapInfo Professional Version 6.5. Troy, NY, USA; 2001.
16. Earth Resource Mapping Ltd: ER Mapper 6.4. Perth, WA; 2003.
17. Encom Technology Pty Ltd: Encom MapEase 2.0. Sydney, NSW, Australia; 2004.