메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 137, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 325-333

Development and validation of an improved RT-PCR assay with nested universal primers for detection of hepatitis E virus strains with significant sequence divergence

Author keywords

Genotype; Hepatitis E virus; HEV RNA; Phylogenetic tree; RT PCR

Indexed keywords

VIRUS DNA; VIRUS RNA;

EID: 33748679718     PISSN: 01660934     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.07.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (101)

References (56)
  • 1
  • 3
    • 16844372785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) in serum and fecal samples from pigs in Thailand and Mexico, where genotype 1 and 2 HEV strains are prevalent in the respective human populations
    • Cooper K., Huang F.F., Batista L., Rayo C.D., Bezanilla J.C., Toth T.E., and Meng X.J. Identification of genotype 3 hepatitis E virus (HEV) in serum and fecal samples from pigs in Thailand and Mexico, where genotype 1 and 2 HEV strains are prevalent in the respective human populations. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (2005) 1684-1688
    • (2005) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 1684-1688
    • Cooper, K.1    Huang, F.F.2    Batista, L.3    Rayo, C.D.4    Bezanilla, J.C.5    Toth, T.E.6    Meng, X.J.7
  • 4
    • 20444462375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of qualitative (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV 2.0 versus VERSANT HCV RNA) and quantitative (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV monitor 2.0 versus VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0) assays for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detection and quantification: impact on diagnosis and treatment of HCV infections
    • Desombere I., Van Vlierberghe H., Couvent S., Clinckspoor F., and Leroux-Roels G. Comparison of qualitative (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV 2.0 versus VERSANT HCV RNA) and quantitative (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV monitor 2.0 versus VERSANT HCV RNA 3.0) assays for hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA detection and quantification: impact on diagnosis and treatment of HCV infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (2005) 2590-2597
    • (2005) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 2590-2597
    • Desombere, I.1    Van Vlierberghe, H.2    Couvent, S.3    Clinckspoor, F.4    Leroux-Roels, G.5
  • 6
    • 0032771704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of hepatitis E virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using universal oligonucleotide primers
    • Erker J.C., Desai S.M., and Mushahwar I.K. Rapid detection of hepatitis E virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using universal oligonucleotide primers. J. Virol. Meth. 81 (1999) 109-113
    • (1999) J. Virol. Meth. , vol.81 , pp. 109-113
    • Erker, J.C.1    Desai, S.M.2    Mushahwar, I.K.3
  • 7
    • 0000461280 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap
    • Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39 (1985) 783-791
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 783-791
    • Felsenstein, J.1
  • 8
    • 0032979762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis E virus-an update
    • Harrison T.J. Hepatitis E virus-an update. Liver 19 (1999) 171-176
    • (1999) Liver , vol.19 , pp. 171-176
    • Harrison, T.J.1
  • 9
    • 21044451940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of acute hepatitis E who had a history of frequent ingestion of raw meat and viscera from wild deer and boars (in Japanese)
    • Hijioka S., Sato Y., Iwashita Y., and Indou Y. A case of acute hepatitis E who had a history of frequent ingestion of raw meat and viscera from wild deer and boars (in Japanese). Jpn. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (2005) 723-728
    • (2005) Jpn. J. Gastroenterol. , vol.102 , pp. 723-728
    • Hijioka, S.1    Sato, Y.2    Iwashita, Y.3    Indou, Y.4
  • 10
    • 0036204135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection by reverse transcription-PCR and genetic characterization of field isolates of swine hepatitis E virus from pigs in different geographic regions of the United States
    • Huang F.F., Haqshenas G., Guenette D.K., Halbur P.G., Schommer S.K., Pierson F.W., Toth T.E., and Meng X.J. Detection by reverse transcription-PCR and genetic characterization of field isolates of swine hepatitis E virus from pigs in different geographic regions of the United States. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (2002) 1326-1332
    • (2002) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 1326-1332
    • Huang, F.F.1    Haqshenas, G.2    Guenette, D.K.3    Halbur, P.G.4    Schommer, S.K.5    Pierson, F.W.6    Toth, T.E.7    Meng, X.J.8
  • 11
    • 2942642280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) and attempts to infect rhesus monkeys with avian HEV
    • Huang F.F., Sun Z.F., Emerson S.U., Purcell R.H., Shivaprasad H.L., Pierson W.F., Toth T.E., and Meng X.J. Determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of avian hepatitis E virus (avian HEV) and attempts to infect rhesus monkeys with avian HEV. J. Gen. Virol. 85 (2004) 1609-1618
    • (2004) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 1609-1618
    • Huang, F.F.1    Sun, Z.F.2    Emerson, S.U.3    Purcell, R.H.4    Shivaprasad, H.L.5    Pierson, W.F.6    Toth, T.E.7    Meng, X.J.8
  • 13
    • 0027979266 scopus 로고
    • ODEN: a program package for molecular evolutionary analysis and database search of DNA and amino acid sequence
    • Ina Y. ODEN: a program package for molecular evolutionary analysis and database search of DNA and amino acid sequence. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 10 (1994) 11-12
    • (1994) Comput. Appl. Biosci. , vol.10 , pp. 11-12
    • Ina, Y.1
  • 14
    • 33644787375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the full-length genome of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus isolates from patients with fulminant or acute self-limited hepatitis E
    • Inoue J., Nishizawa T., Takahashi M., Aikawa T., Mizuo H., Suzuki K., Shimosegawa T., and Okamoto H. Analysis of the full-length genome of genotype 4 hepatitis E virus isolates from patients with fulminant or acute self-limited hepatitis E. J. Med. Virol. 78 (2006) 476-484
    • (2006) J. Med. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 476-484
    • Inoue, J.1    Nishizawa, T.2    Takahashi, M.3    Aikawa, T.4    Mizuo, H.5    Suzuki, K.6    Shimosegawa, T.7    Okamoto, H.8
  • 15
    • 33746844371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of human and swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates of genotype 3 in Japan that are only 81-83% similar to reported HEV isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome
    • Inoue J., Takahashi M., Ito K., Shimosegawa T., and Okamoto H. Analysis of human and swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolates of genotype 3 in Japan that are only 81-83% similar to reported HEV isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome. J. Gen. Virol. 87 (2006) 2363-2369
    • (2006) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.87 , pp. 2363-2369
    • Inoue, J.1    Takahashi, M.2    Ito, K.3    Shimosegawa, T.4    Okamoto, H.5
  • 16
    • 20444382331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a broadly reactive TaqMan assay for rapid detection of hepatitis A virus
    • Jothikumar N., Cromeans T.L., Sobsey M.D., and Robertson B.H. Development and evaluation of a broadly reactive TaqMan assay for rapid detection of hepatitis A virus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005) 3359-3363
    • (2005) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.71 , pp. 3359-3363
    • Jothikumar, N.1    Cromeans, T.L.2    Sobsey, M.D.3    Robertson, B.H.4
  • 17
    • 28844437948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus
    • Jothikumar N., Cromeans T.L., Robertson B.H., Meng X.J., and Hill V.R. A broadly reactive one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis E virus. J. Virol. Meth. 131 (2006) 65-71
    • (2006) J. Virol. Meth. , vol.131 , pp. 65-71
    • Jothikumar, N.1    Cromeans, T.L.2    Robertson, B.H.3    Meng, X.J.4    Hill, V.R.5
  • 20
    • 31144477556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis
    • Lu L., Li C., and Hagedorn C.H. Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Rev. Med. Virol. 16 (2006) 5-36
    • (2006) Rev. Med. Virol. , vol.16 , pp. 5-36
    • Lu, L.1    Li, C.2    Hagedorn, C.H.3
  • 21
    • 1642544585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a new strain of hepatitis E virus from an outbreak in Namibia in 1995
    • Maila H.T., Bowyer S.M., and Swanepoel R. Identification of a new strain of hepatitis E virus from an outbreak in Namibia in 1995. J. Gen. Virol. 85 (2004) 89-95
    • (2004) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 89-95
    • Maila, H.T.1    Bowyer, S.M.2    Swanepoel, R.3
  • 25
    • 0036135725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries
    • Meng X.J., Wiseman B., Elvinger F., Guenette D.K., Toth T.E., Engle R.E., Emerson S.U., and Purcell R.H. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in veterinarians working with swine and in normal blood donors in the United States and other countries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40 (2002) 117-122
    • (2002) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 117-122
    • Meng, X.J.1    Wiseman, B.2    Elvinger, F.3    Guenette, D.K.4    Toth, T.E.5    Engle, R.E.6    Emerson, S.U.7    Purcell, R.H.8
  • 26
    • 0042164565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swine hepatitis E virus: cross-species infection and risk in xenotransplantation
    • Meng X.J. Swine hepatitis E virus: cross-species infection and risk in xenotransplantation. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 278 (2003) 185-216
    • (2003) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. , vol.278 , pp. 185-216
    • Meng, X.J.1
  • 29
    • 20044383932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible risk factors for the transmission of hepatitis E virus and for the severe form of hepatitis E acquired locally in Hokkaido, Japan
    • Mizuo H., Yazaki Y., Sugawara K., Tsuda F., Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., and Okamoto H. Possible risk factors for the transmission of hepatitis E virus and for the severe form of hepatitis E acquired locally in Hokkaido, Japan. J. Med. Virol. 76 (2005) 341-349
    • (2005) J. Med. Virol. , vol.76 , pp. 341-349
    • Mizuo, H.1    Yazaki, Y.2    Sugawara, K.3    Tsuda, F.4    Takahashi, M.5    Nishizawa, T.6    Okamoto, H.7
  • 30
    • 33644612054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis E virus infection in wild mongooses of Okinawa, Japan: demonstration of anti-HEV antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence
    • Nakamura M., Takahashi K., Taira K., Taira M., Ohno A., Sakugawa H., Arai M., and Mishiro S. Hepatitis E virus infection in wild mongooses of Okinawa, Japan: demonstration of anti-HEV antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence. Hepatol. Res. 34 (2006) 137-140
    • (2006) Hepatol. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 137-140
    • Nakamura, M.1    Takahashi, K.2    Taira, K.3    Taira, M.4    Ohno, A.5    Sakugawa, H.6    Arai, M.7    Mishiro, S.8
  • 32
    • 0037650066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Japanese swine and human hepatitis E virus isolates of genotype IV with 99% identity over the entire genome
    • Nishizawa T., Takahashi M., Mizuo H., Miyajima H., Gotanda Y., and Okamoto H. Characterization of Japanese swine and human hepatitis E virus isolates of genotype IV with 99% identity over the entire genome. J. Gen. Virol. 84 (2003) 1245-1251
    • (2003) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 1245-1251
    • Nishizawa, T.1    Takahashi, M.2    Mizuo, H.3    Miyajima, H.4    Gotanda, Y.5    Okamoto, H.6
  • 36
    • 0346882816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan
    • Okamoto H., Takahashi M., and Nishizawa T. Features of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan. Intern. Med. 42 (2003) 1065-1071
    • (2003) Intern. Med. , vol.42 , pp. 1065-1071
    • Okamoto, H.1    Takahashi, M.2    Nishizawa, T.3
  • 37
    • 0030203863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers
    • Page R.D. TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12 (1996) 357-358
    • (1996) Comput. Appl. Biosci. , vol.12 , pp. 357-358
    • Page, R.D.1
  • 38
    • 0001045539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis E virus
    • Knipe D.M., Howley P.M., Griffin D.E., Lamb R.A., Martin M.A., Roizman B., and Straus S.E. (Eds), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
    • Purcell R.H., and Emerson S.U. Hepatitis E virus. In: Knipe D.M., Howley P.M., Griffin D.E., Lamb R.A., Martin M.A., Roizman B., and Straus S.E. (Eds). Fields Virology. 4th ed. (2001), Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia 3051-3061
    • (2001) Fields Virology. 4th ed. , pp. 3051-3061
    • Purcell, R.H.1    Emerson, S.U.2
  • 40
    • 3042836546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A domestic case of acute sporadic hepatitis E identified in Hokuriku district (in Japanese)
    • Saitoh N., Doyama H., Omori T., Yamada S., and Shimazaki H. A domestic case of acute sporadic hepatitis E identified in Hokuriku district (in Japanese). Kanzo 45 (2004) 268-273
    • (2004) Kanzo , vol.45 , pp. 268-273
    • Saitoh, N.1    Doyama, H.2    Omori, T.3    Yamada, S.4    Shimazaki, H.5
  • 41
    • 0023375195 scopus 로고
    • The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees
    • Saitou N., and Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4 (1987) 406-425
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 406-425
    • Saitou, N.1    Nei, M.2
  • 42
    • 32344451349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and differentiation of human hepatitis A strains by commercial quantitative real-time RT-PCR tests
    • Sanchez G., Populaire S., Butot S., Putallaz T., and Joosten H. Detection and differentiation of human hepatitis A strains by commercial quantitative real-time RT-PCR tests. J. Virol. Meth. 132 (2006) 160-165
    • (2006) J. Virol. Meth. , vol.132 , pp. 160-165
    • Sanchez, G.1    Populaire, S.2    Butot, S.3    Putallaz, T.4    Joosten, H.5
  • 43
    • 0034868435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus
    • Schlauder G.G., and Mushahwar I.K. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis E virus. J. Med. Virol. 65 (2001) 282-292
    • (2001) J. Med. Virol. , vol.65 , pp. 282-292
    • Schlauder, G.G.1    Mushahwar, I.K.2
  • 44
    • 1642503738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic changes in hepatitis E virus of subtype 1a in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Kathmandu, Nepal, from 1997 to 2002
    • Shrestha S.M., Shrestha S., Tsuda F., Nishizawa T., Takahashi M., Gotanda Y., and Okamoto H. Genetic changes in hepatitis E virus of subtype 1a in patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Kathmandu, Nepal, from 1997 to 2002. J. Gen. Virol. 85 (2004) 97-104
    • (2004) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 97-104
    • Shrestha, S.M.1    Shrestha, S.2    Tsuda, F.3    Nishizawa, T.4    Takahashi, M.5    Gotanda, Y.6    Okamoto, H.7
  • 45
    • 0035048897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of hepatitis E virus
    • Smith J.L. A review of hepatitis E virus. J. Food. Prot. 64 (2001) 572-586
    • (2001) J. Food. Prot. , vol.64 , pp. 572-586
    • Smith, J.L.1
  • 46
    • 8644265905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars and deer and genetic identification of a genotype 3 HEV from a boar in Japan
    • Sonoda H., Abe M., Sugimoto T., Sato Y., Bando M., Fukui E., Mizuo H., Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., and Okamoto H. Prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in wild boars and deer and genetic identification of a genotype 3 HEV from a boar in Japan. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42 (2004) 5371-5374
    • (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.42 , pp. 5371-5374
    • Sonoda, H.1    Abe, M.2    Sugimoto, T.3    Sato, Y.4    Bando, M.5    Fukui, E.6    Mizuo, H.7    Takahashi, M.8    Nishizawa, T.9    Okamoto, H.10
  • 47
    • 0141923553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full-length sequences of six hepatitis E virus isolates of genotypes III and IV from patients with sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis in Japan
    • Takahashi K., Kang J.H., Ohnishi S., Hino K., Miyakawa H., Miyakawa Y., Maekubo H., and Mishiro S. Full-length sequences of six hepatitis E virus isolates of genotypes III and IV from patients with sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis in Japan. Intervirology 46 (2003) 308-318
    • (2003) Intervirology , vol.46 , pp. 308-318
    • Takahashi, K.1    Kang, J.H.2    Ohnishi, S.3    Hino, K.4    Miyakawa, H.5    Miyakawa, Y.6    Maekubo, H.7    Mishiro, S.8
  • 48
    • 0037384831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus
    • Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., Miyajima H., Gotanda Y., Iita T., Tsuda F., and Okamoto H. Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus. J. Gen. Virol. 84 (2003) 851-862
    • (2003) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 851-862
    • Takahashi, M.1    Nishizawa, T.2    Miyajima, H.3    Gotanda, Y.4    Iita, T.5    Tsuda, F.6    Okamoto, H.7
  • 49
    • 9644262517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete or near-complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus genome recovered from a wild boar, a deer, and four patients who ate the deer
    • Takahashi K., Kitajima N., Abe N., and Mishiro S. Complete or near-complete nucleotide sequences of hepatitis E virus genome recovered from a wild boar, a deer, and four patients who ate the deer. Virology 330 (2004) 501-505
    • (2004) Virology , vol.330 , pp. 501-505
    • Takahashi, K.1    Kitajima, N.2    Abe, N.3    Mishiro, S.4
  • 50
    • 20044362578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between positivity for immunoglobulin A antibodies and viraemia of swine hepatitis E virus observed among farm pigs in Japan
    • Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., Tanaka T., Tsatsralt-Od B., Inoue J., and Okamoto H. Correlation between positivity for immunoglobulin A antibodies and viraemia of swine hepatitis E virus observed among farm pigs in Japan. J. Gen. Virol. 86 (2005) 1807-1813
    • (2005) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.86 , pp. 1807-1813
    • Takahashi, M.1    Nishizawa, T.2    Tanaka, T.3    Tsatsralt-Od, B.4    Inoue, J.5    Okamoto, H.6
  • 51
    • 0025955282 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome
    • Tam A.W., Smith M.M., Guerra M.E., Huang C.C., Bradley D.W., Fry K.E., and Reyes G.R. Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology 185 (1991) 120-131
    • (1991) Virology , vol.185 , pp. 120-131
    • Tam, A.W.1    Smith, M.M.2    Guerra, M.E.3    Huang, C.C.4    Bradley, D.W.5    Fry, K.E.6    Reyes, G.R.7
  • 52
    • 0042671196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings
    • Tei S., Kitajima N., Takahashi K., and Mishiro S. Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 362 (2003) 371-373
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 371-373
    • Tei, S.1    Kitajima, N.2    Takahashi, K.3    Mishiro, S.4
  • 53
    • 0027968068 scopus 로고
    • CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice
    • Thompson J.D., Higgins D.G., and Gibson T.J. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22 (1994) 4673-4680
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 4673-4680
    • Thompson, J.D.1    Higgins, D.G.2    Gibson, T.J.3
  • 54
    • 1942536177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three male patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Sendai, Japan, who were domestically infected with hepatitis E virus of genotype III or IV
    • Yamamoto T., Suzuki H., Toyota T., Takahashi M., and Okamoto H. Three male patients with sporadic acute hepatitis E in Sendai, Japan, who were domestically infected with hepatitis E virus of genotype III or IV. J. Gastroenterol. 39 (2004) 292-298
    • (2004) J. Gastroenterol. , vol.39 , pp. 292-298
    • Yamamoto, T.1    Suzuki, H.2    Toyota, T.3    Takahashi, M.4    Okamoto, H.5
  • 55
    • 0041852681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food
    • Yazaki Y., Mizuo H., Takahashi M., Nishizawa T., Sasaki N., Gotanda Y., and Okamoto H. Sporadic acute or fulminant hepatitis E in Hokkaido, Japan, may be food-borne, as suggested by the presence of hepatitis E virus in pig liver as food. J. Gen. Virol. 84 (2003) 2351-2357
    • (2003) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 2351-2357
    • Yazaki, Y.1    Mizuo, H.2    Takahashi, M.3    Nishizawa, T.4    Sasaki, N.5    Gotanda, Y.6    Okamoto, H.7
  • 56
    • 33745348670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis E virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions
    • Zhai L., Dai X., and Meng J. Hepatitis E virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions. Virus Res. 120 (2006) 57-69
    • (2006) Virus Res. , vol.120 , pp. 57-69
    • Zhai, L.1    Dai, X.2    Meng, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.