The case against Universal Varicella Vaccination

International Journal of Toxicology

Volumn 25, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 313-317

  Goldman, Gary S ^a  

^a Medical Veritas International (MVI)   (United States)

Author keywords

Herpes Zoster; Universal Varicella Vaccination Program; Varicella Immunization; Varicella Vaccine Adverse Reactions; Varicella Vaccine Efficacy

Indexed keywords

CHICKENPOX VACCINE;

CHICKENPOX; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLITIS; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ENTEROPATHY; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; UNITED STATES; VACCINATION; VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS;

CHICKENPOX; CHICKENPOX VACCINE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS; HERPES ZOSTER; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION, SECONDARY; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MASS IMMUNIZATION; MASS VACCINATION; UNITED STATES;

HERPES ZOSTER;

EID: 33748670520     PISSN: 10915818     EISSN: 1092874X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10915810600870591     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Arvin, A. M. 1992. Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus. J. Infect. Dis. 166(Suppl. 1):S35-S41.
2. Arvin, A. M. 1996. Varicella-zoster virus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 9:361-381.
3. Arvin, A., and A. Gershon. 2006. Control of varicella: Why is a two-dose schedule necessary? Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 25:475-476.
4. Arvin, A. M., C. M. Koropchak, and A. E. Wittek. 1983. Immunologic evidence of reinfection with varicella-zoster virus. J. Infect. Dis. 148:200-205.
5. Asano, Y. 1996. Varicella vaccine: The Japanese experience. J. Infect. Dis. 174(Suppl.3):S310-S313.
6. Binder, N. R., G. N. Holland, S. Hosea, and M. L. Silverberg. 2005. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an otherwise-healthy child. J. AAPOS 9:597-598.
7. Black, S., H. Shinefield, P. Ray, E. Lewis, J. Hansen, J. Schwalbe, P. Coplan, R. Sharrar, H. Guess. 1999. Postmarketing evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of varicella vaccine. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 18:1041-1046.
8. Brisson, M., W. J. Edmunds, N. J. Gay, B. Law, and G. De Serres. 2000. Modelling the impact of immunization on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus. Epidemiol. Infect. 125:651-669.
9. Brisson, M., N. J. Gay, W. J. Edmunds, and J. J. Andrews. 2002a. Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: Implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox. Vaccine 20:2500-2507.
10. Brisson, M, W. J. Edumunds, N. J. Gay, and E. M. Miller. 2002b. Varicella vaccine and shingles. [Letter to Editor]. JAMA 287:2211.
11. Bronstein, D. E., J. Cotliar, J. K. Votava-Smith, M. Z. Powell, M. J. Miller, and J. D. Cherry. 2005. Recurrent papular urticaria after varicella immunization in a 15-month-old girl. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 24:269-270.
12. Curran, E. B., and R. L. Holle. 1997. Lightning fatalities, injuries, and damage reports in the United States from 1959-1994. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Association (NOAA) Technical Memorandum NWS SR-193. Available online at http://www.nssl.noaa.gov/papers/ techmemos/NWS-SR-193/techmemosr193.html
13. Esmaeli-Gutstein, B., and J. Z. Winkelman. 1999. Uveitis associated with varicella virus vaccine. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 127:733-734.
14. Galil, K., B. Lee, T. Strine, C. Carraher, A. L. Baughman, M. Eaton, J. Montero, and J. Seward. 2002. Outbreak of varicella at a day-care center despite vaccination. N. Engl. J. Med. 347:1909-1915.
15. Gerecitano, J, A. Friedman-Kien, and G. D. Chazen. 1997. Allergic reaction to varicella vaccine. Ann. Intern. Med. 126:833-834.
16. Gershon, A. A., P. La Russa, S. Steinberg, N. Mervish, S. H. Lo, and P. Meier. 1996. The protective effect of immunologic boosting against zoster: An analysis in leukemic children who were vaccinated against chickenpox. J. Infect. Dis. 173:450-453.
17. Goldman, G. S. 2003. Incidence of herpes-zoster among children and adolescents in a community with moderate varicella vaccination coverage. Vaccine 21:4243-4249.
18. Goldman, G. S. 2005a. Universal varicella vaccination: Efficacy trends and effect on herpes-zoster. Int. J. Toxicol. 24:205-213.
19. Goldman, G. S. 2005b. Cost-benefit analysis of universal varicella vaccination in the U.S. taking into account the closely related herpes-zoster epidemiology. Vaccine 23:3349-3355.
20. Grossberg, R., R. Harpaz, E. Rubtcova, V. Loparev, J. F. Seward, and D. S. Schmid. 2006. Secondary transmission of varicella vaccine virus in a chronic care facility for children. J. Pediatr. 148:842-844.
21. Hammerschlag, M. R., A. A. Gershon, S. P. Steinberg, L. Clarke, and L. D. Gelb. 1989. Herpes zoster in an adult recipient of live attenuated varicella vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. 160:535-537.
22. Hope-Simpson, R. E. 1965. The nature of herpes zoster: A long-term study and a new hypothesis. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 58:9-20.
23. Kauffman, J. M. 2005. New vaccine for shingles: Is prevention really better than treatment? J. Am. Physicians Surgeons 10:117.
24. Knuf, M., P. Habermehl, F. Zepp, W. Mannhardt, M. Kuttnig, P. Muttonen, A. Prieler, H. Maurer, H. Bisanz, N. Tornieporth, D. Descamps, and P. Willems. 2006. Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of tetravalent measles- mumpsrubella-varicella vaccine in healthy children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 25:12-18.
25. Krause P. R. 2005. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. FDA Approval Letter, April 6, 2005. Available online at http://www.fda.gov/cber/approvltr/varmer040505L.htm
26. Lee, S. Y., D. M. Komp, and W. Andiman. 1986. Thrombocytopenic Purpura following varicella-zoster vaccination. Am. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 8:78-80.
27. Lieu, T. A., S. L. Cochi, S. B. Black, M. E. Halloran, H. R. Shinefield, and S. J. Holmes, et al. 1994. Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for U.S. children. JAMA 271:375-381.
28. Matsubara, K., H. Nigami, H. Harigaya, and K. Baba. 1995. Herpes zoster in a normal child after varicella vaccination. Acta. Paediatr. Jpn. 37:648-650.
29. Naruse, H., H. Miwata, T. Ozaki, Y. Asano, J. Namazue, and K. Yamanishi. 1993. Varicella infection complicated with meningitis after immunization. Acta Paediatr. Jpn. 35:345-347.
30. Naseri, A., W. V. Good, and E. T. Cunningham Jr. 2003. Herpes zoster virus sclerokeratitis and anterior uveitis in a child following varicella vaccination. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 135:415-417.
31. Nowgesic, E., D. Skowronski, A. King, and J. Hockin. 1999. Direct costs attributed to chickenpox and herpes zoster in British Columbia-1992 to 1996. Can. Commun. Dis. Rep. (CCDR) 25:100-104.
32. Nguyen, H. Q., A. O. Jumaan, and J. F. Seward. 2005. Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States. N. Engl. J. Med. 352:450-458.
33. Oxman, M. N., M. J. Levin, G. R. Johnson, K. E. Schmader, S. E. Straus, L. D. Gelb, et al. 2005. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N. Engl. J. Med. 352:2271-2284.
34. Poser, C. M. 2003. Neurological Complications of Vaccinations. Mealey's Litigation Report, Thimerosal & Vaccines, April, 2003; Volume 1, Issue 10.
35. Ravkina, L. I., and G. R. Matsevich. 1970. Morphological changes in the central nervous system in post-vaccinal encephalomyelitis developing after chicken-pox vaccination in children. Zh. Nevropatol. Psikhiatr. Im. S. S. Korsakova. 70:1465-1471.
36. Sakaguchi, M., T. Yamanaka, K. Ikeda, Y. Sano, H. Fujita, T. Miura, and S. Inouye. 1997. IgE-mediated systemic reactions to gelatin included in the varicella vaccine. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 99:263-264.
37. Schwab, J., and M. Ryan. 2004. Varicella zoster virus meningitis in a previously immunized child. Pediatrics 114:e273-e274.
38. Seward, J. F., and W. A. Orenstein. 2006. Commentary: The case for universal varicella immunization. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 25:45-46.
39. Seward, J. F., B. M. Watson, C. L. Peterson, L. Mascola, J. W. Pelosi, J. X. Zhang, T. J. Maupin, G. S. Goldman, L. J. Tabony, K. G. Brodovicz, A. O. Jumaan, and M. Wharton. 2002. Varicella disease after introduction of varicella vaccine in the United States, 1995-2000. JAMA 287:606-611.
40. Seward, J. F., J. X. Zhang, T. J. Maupin, L. Mascola, and A. O. Jumaan. 2004. Contagiousness of varicella in vaccinated cases. JAMA 299:704-708.
41. Singer, S., C. E. Johnson, R. Mohr, and C. Holowecky. 1999. Urticaria following varicella vaccine associated with gelatin allergy. Vaccine 17:327-329.
42. Singleton, J. A., J. C. Lloyd, G. T. Mootrey, M. E. Salive, R. T. Chen, and VAERS Working Group. 1999. An overview of the vaccine adverse even reporting system (VAERS) as a surveillance system. Vaccine 17:2908-2917.
43. Sunaga, Y., A. Hikima, T. Ostuka, and A. Morikawa. 1995. Acute cerebellar ataxia with abnormal MRI lesions after varicella vaccination. Pediatr. Neurol. 13:340-342.
44. Terada, K., Y. Hirago, S. Kawano, and N. Kataoka. 1995. Incidence of herpes zoster in pediatricians and history of reexposure to varicella-zoster virus in patients with herpes zoster. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 69:908-912.
45. Thomas, S. L., J. G. Wheeler, and A. J. Hall. 2002. Contacts with varicella or with children and protection against herpes zoster in adults: A casecontrol study. Lancet 360:678-682. Available online at http://image. thelancet. com/extras/01art6088web.pdf
46. Wrensch, M., A. Weinberg, J. Wiencke, R. Miike, G. Barger, and K. Kelsey. 2001. Prevalence of antibodies to four herpesviruses among adults with glioma [brain tumor] and controls. Am. J. Epidemiol. 154:161-165.
47. Wise, R. P., M. E. Salive, M. M. Braun, G. T. Mootrey, J. F. Seward, L. G. Rider, and P. R. Krause. 2000. Postlicensure safety surveillance for varicella vaccine. JAMA 284:1271-1279.
48. Yih, W. K., D. R. Brooks, S. M. Lett, A. O. Jumaan, Z. Zhang, K. M. Clements, and J. F. Seward. 2005. The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998-2003. BMC Public Health 5:68.
49. Zhou, F. 2005. Economic Evaluation of the Universal Varicella Vaccination Program in the U.S. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Record of the Meeting of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, June 29-30, 2005, page 31. http://www.cdc.gov/NIP/ACIP/ minutes/acip-min-jun05.pdf.
50. Zhou, W., V. Pool, J. K. Iskander, R. English-Bullard, R. Ball, R. P. Wise, et al. 2003. Surveillance for safety after immunization: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)-United States, 1991-2001. MMWR Surveill. Summ. 52:1-24.