Stir zone microstructure and strain rate during Al 7075-T6 friction stir spot welding

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

Volumn 37, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 2773-2786

  Gerlich, A ^a   Avramovic Cingara, G ^a   North, T H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL MICROSTRUCTURE; FRICTION WELDING; MELTING; STRAIN RATE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

ELECTRON BACKSCATTERED DIFFRACTION (EBSD); FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING; STIR ZONE MICROSTRUCTURE;

SPOT WELDING;

EID: 33748637142     PISSN: 10735623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02586110     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. W.M. Thomas, E.D. Nicholas, J.D. Needham, M.G. Murch, P. Templesmith, and C.J. Daws: G.B. Patent Application No. 9,125,978.8, Dec. 1991, U.S. Patent No. 5,460,317, Oct. 1995.
2. C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, and W.H. Bingel: Scripta Mater., 1997, vol. 36, pp. 69-75.
3. T. Shibayanagi and M. Maeda: Trans. JWRI, 2004, vol. 33, pp. 17-23.
4. R.S. Mishra and M.W. Mahoney: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2001, vol. 357-359, pp. 507-14.
5. J.-Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, M. Mishra, and M. Mahoney: Acta Mater., 2003, vol. 51, pp. 713-29.
6. J.-Q. Su, T.W. Nelson, and C.J. Sterling: Scripta Mater., 2005, vol. 52, pp. 135-40.
7. M.L. Santella, T. Pan, T. Engstrom, and D. Storjohann: SAE Technical Series, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2005, 2005-01-1249.
8. K. Nakata, S. Inoki, Y. Nagano, T. Hashimoto, S. Johgan, and M. Ushio: J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met., 2001, vol. 51, pp. 528-33.
9. P.-C. Lin, S.-H. Lin, J. Pan, T. Pan, J.M. Nicholson, and M.A. Garman: SAE Technical Series, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2004, 2004-01-1330.
10. P. Su, A. Gerlich, T.H. North, and G.J. Bendzsak: SAE Technical Series, SAE, Warrendale, PA, 2006, 2006-01-0971.
11. Ø. Frigaard, Ø. Grong, J. Bjelen, S. Gulbrandsen-Dahl, and O.T. Midling: Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Friction Stir Welding, Thousand Oaks, CA, 1999, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K., 1999.
12. P.-E. Droenen and N. Ryum: Metall. Trans. A, 1994, vol. 25A, pp. 521-30.
13. B. Bjørneklett, Ø. Frigaard, Ø. Grong, O.R. Myhr, and O.T. Midling: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Aluminium Alloys, Toyoashi, Japan, 1998, Japan Institute of Light Metals, Tokyo, Japan, 1988, pp. 1531-36.
14. J.R. Davis: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, p. 699.
15. H.J. McQueen and J.J. Jonas: Treatise on Materials Science Technology, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1975, vol. 6, pp. 393-493.
16. H.J. McQueen and J.E. Hocket: Metall. Trans. A, 1970, vol. 1, pp. 2997-3004.
17. G. Avramovic-Cingara, H.J. McQueen, A. Hopkins, V. Jain, and D. Perovic: in Light Weight Alloys for Aerospace Applications, E.W. Lee, N.J. Kim, and K.V. Jata, eds., Las Vegas, NY, TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, pp. 333-47.
18. G. Avramovic-Cingara and H.J. McQueen: Aluminium, 1994, vol. 70 (3-4), pp. 214-19.
19. G. Avramovic-Cingara, D.D. Perovic, and H.J. McQueen: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27A, pp. 3478-90.
20. E. Cerri, E. Evangelista, A. Forcellese, and H.J. McQueen: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1995, vol. A197, pp. 181-98.
21. T. Sheppard: 2nd Int. Conf. on Aluminum Alloys - Their Physical and Mechanical Properties, C.Q. Chen and E.A. Starke, eds., International Academic Publisher, Beijing, pp. 744-54.
22. K.A.A. Hassan, B.P. Wynne, and P.B. Prangnell: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Park City, UT, 2003, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
23. P.N. Adler and R. Delasi: Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, pp. 1185-90.
24. Y.S. Sato, M. Urata, and H. Kokawa: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2002, vol. 33A, pp. 625-35.
25. C.I. Chang, C.J. Lee, and J.C. Huang: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 51, pp. 509-14.
26. C.G. Rhodes, M.W. Mahoney, W.H. Bingel, and M. Calabrese: Scripta Mater., 2003, vol. 48, pp. 1451-55.
27. K. Nakata, S. Inoki, Y. Nagano, T. Hashimoto, S. Johgan, and M. Ushio: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Kobe, Japan, 2001, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
28. A. Gerlich, G.A. Cingara, and T.H. North: in Aluminum Alloys 2006, W.J. Poole, M.A. Wells, and D.J. Lloyd, eds., 2006, Materials Science Forum, vol. 519-521, pp. 1107-12.
29. F.J. Humphreys: J. Mater. Sci., 2001, vol. 36, pp. 3833-54.
30. M. Karlsen, S. Tangen, J. Hjelen, Ø. Frigaard, and Ø. Grong: Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Kobe, Japan, 2001, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
31. M.W. Mahoney, C.G. Rhodes, J.G. Flintoff, R.A. Spurling, and W.H. Bingel: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1998, vol. 29A, pp. 1955-64.
32. F.J. Frost and M.F. Ashby: Deformation-Mechanism Maps, Pergamon Press, New York, NY, 1982.
33. K.V. Jata and S.L. Semiatin: Scripta Mater., 2000, vol. 43 (8), pp. 743-49.
34. D. Schmitter and I.M. Zylla: J. Phys. IV France, 2004, vol. 120, pp. 677-80.
35. G.J. Bendzsak, T.H. North, and C.B. Smith: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2000, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
36. F.P. Bowden and K.E.W. Ridler: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1936, vol. 154 (883), pp. 640-56.
37. F.P. Bowden and P.H. Thomas: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 1954, vol. 223 (1152), pp. 29-40.
38. A. Gerlich, P. Su, G.J. Bendzsak, and T.H. North: in Friction Stir Welding and Processing III, K.V. Jata, M.W. Mahoney, and R.S. Mishra, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2005.
39. T.F.J. Quinn and W.O. Winer: Wear, 1985, vol. 102, pp. 67-80.
40. T.H. North, G.J. Bendzsak, C.B. Smith, and G.H. Luan: Proc. 7th Int. Symp. JWS, Kobe, Japan, 2001, JWS, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 621-32.
41. T.H. North, G.J. Bendzsak, and C.B. Smith: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2000, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
42. A. Gerlich, P. Su, and T.H. North: Sci. Technol. Welding Joining, 2005, vol. 10, pp. 647-52.
43. A. Gerlich, P. Su, T.H. North, and G.J. Bendzsak: Mater. Forum, 2005, vol. 29, pp. 290-94.
44. A. Gerlich, P. Su, and T.H. North: J. Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 40, pp. 6473-81.
45. Kh.A.A. Hassan, P.B. Prangnell, A.F. Norman, D.A. Price, and S.W. Williams: Sci. Tech. Welding Joining, 2003, vol. 8, pp. 257-68.
46. Y. Yan, B. Lui, and C. Zhang: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Aluminium Alloys, Toyoashi, Japan, 1998, Japan Institute of Light Metals, Tokyo, Japan, 1988, pp. 1135-40.
47. C. Dalle-Donne, B. Braun, G. Staniek, A. Jung, and W.A. Kayser: Materialwiss. Werkstofftech., 1998, vol. 29, pp. 609-17.
48. A. Gerlich, P. Su, and T.H. North: in Magnesium Technology 2005, N.R. Neelameggham, H.I. Kaplan, and B.R. Powell, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 2005, pp. 383-88.
49. Y.S. Sato, S. Hwan, C. Park, M. Michiuchi, and H. Kokawa: Scripta Mater., 2004, vol. 50 (9), pp. 1233-36.
50. P.A. Colegrove, H.R. Shercliff, and P.L. Threadgill: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Friction Stir Welding, Park City, UT, 2003, TWI, Great Abington, Cambridge, U.K.
51. O. Reiso, H.-G. Øverlie, and N. Ryum: Metall. Trans., 1990, vol. 21A, pp. 1689-95.
52. S. Kou: Welding Metallurgy, 2nd ed., Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 2003, pp. 303-39.
53. W.F. Savage, E.F. Nippes, and J.D. Varsik: Welding J., 1979, vol. 58, pp. 45s-52s.
54. X-M. Li and M.J. Starink: Mater. Sci. Technol., 2001, vol. 17, pp. 1324-28.
55. O.R. Myhr and Ø. Grong: Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, vol. 39, pp. 2693-702.
56. M.J. Whelan: Met. Sci. J., 1969, vol. 3, pp. 95-97.
57. P. Su, A. Gerlich, M. Yamamoto, and T.H. North: Proc. Magnesium Technology in the Global Age Symp., 2006, CIM, Montreal, Canada.
58. H. Hanemann and A. Schrader: Ternäre Legierungen des Aluminiums, Verlag Stahleisen M.B.H., Dusseldorf, 1952, p. 138.
59. P. Su, A. Gerlich, T.H. North, and G.J. Bendzsak: Sci. Technol. Welding Joining, 2006, vol. 11, pp. 61-71.