The birth of the new order state in Indonesia: Sexual politics and nationalism

Journal of Women's History

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 70-91

  Wieringa, Saskia E ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748589511     PISSN: 10427961     EISSN: 15272036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jowh.2003.0039     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. For further exploration of this concept, see Saskia Wieringa, Sexual Politics in Indonesia (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2002).
2. See Michael van Langenberg, "How Might the Soeharto Era Conclude?" Inside Indonesia 48 (1996).
3. See also Robert Cribb, The Indonesian Killings of 1965-1966 (Clayton, Australia: Monash University Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990).
4. See Robert Cribb and Colin Brown, Modern Indonesia: A History Since 1945 (London: Longman, 1990), esp. 147.
5. Joane Nagel, "Masculinity and Nationalism: Gender and Sexuality in the Making of Nations," Ethnic and Racial Studies 21, no 2 (1998).
6. Sukanti Suryochondro, Potret Pergeraken Wanita di Indonesia (Jakarta: Rajawali, 1984);
7. Cora Vreede-de Stuers, The Indonesian Woman: Struggles and Achievements (The Hague: Mouton, 1960);
8. and Wieringa, Sexual Politics in Indonesia.
9. Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Bases, and Beaches: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (London: Pandora, 1989) 45.
10. Robert W. Connell, Masculinities (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995)
11. and Nagel, "Masculinity and Nationalism."
12. Cynthia Cockburn, The Space Between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict (London: Zed Books, 1998);
13. George L. Mosse, Nationalism and Sexuality: Middle-Class Morality and Sexual Norms in Modern Europe (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985), 109.
14. Haleh Afshar, ed., Women, State and Ideology - Studies from Africa and Asia (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987).
15. Carole Pateman, The Sexual Contract (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1988), 2.
16. See Nira Yuval-Davis, Gender And Nation (London: Sage, 1997).
17. Benedict R. Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1983)
18. Andrew Parker, Mary Russo, Doris Sommer, and Patricia Jaeger, "Introduction," in Nationalism and Sexualities ed. Andrew Parker, Mary Russo, Doris Sommer, and Patricia Jaeger (New York: Routledge, 1992).
19. Cynthia Enloe, The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).
20. See Bram Dijkstra, Evil Sisters: The Threat of Female Sexuality in Twentieth Century Culture (New York: Holt, 1996);
21. and Anne McClintock, Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Conquest (New York: Routledge, 1995).
22. Saskia Wieringa, The Perfumed Nightmare: Some Notes on the Indonesian Women's Movement (The Hague: ISS, 1988).
23. Wieringa, ThePerfumed Nightmare,
24. Saskia Wieringa, "Aborted Feminism in Indonesia: A History of Indonesian Socialist Feminism," in Women's Struggles and Strategies, ed. Saskia Wieringa (New York: Gower Press, 1988): 69-90.
25. See also Saskia Wieringa, "Ibu or the Beast: Gender Interests, Ideology and Practice in two Indonesian Women's Organizations" Feminist Review 41 (1992): 98-114,
26. Saskia Wieringa, "Two Indonesian Women's Organizations: Gerwani and the PKK" Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 25, no. 2 (1993): 17-31;
27. One of the best sources are the letters the Javanese princess R.A. Kartini wrote at the beginning of the twentieth century; see F.G. P. Jaquet, Brieven aan Mevrouw R.M Abendanon-Mandri en haar Echtgenoot met andere Documenten (Dordrecht, Holland: Foris, 1987).
28. Tiwon, "Models and Maniacs."
29. Harold Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univerrsity Press, 1978);
30. B. Kudeta Gunawan, Staatsgreep in Jakarta, de Achtergronden van de 30-September Beweging in Indonesie (Meppel: Boom, 1968);
31. Brian May, The Indonesian Tragedy (Singapore: Brash, 1978);
32. Ruth McVey, "PKI Fortunes at Low Tide," Problems of Communism (Jan-April 1971);
33. Rex Mortimer, Downfall and Indonesian Communism under Soekarno, Ideology and Politics, 1959-1965 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1974);
34. Julie Southwood and Patrick Flanagan, Indonesia: Law, Propaganda, and Terror (London: Zed Press, 1983);
35. Olle Törnquist, Dilemmas of Third World Communism: The Destruction of the PKI in Indonesia (London: Zed Press, 1984);
36. W. F. Wertheim, "Whose Plot?: New Light on the 1965 Events," Journal of Contemporary Asia 9, no. 2 (1979): 197-216;
37. and W.F. Wertheim, "Indonesië in 1965: Wanneer gaan de Archieven open?" Derde Wereld 9, no. 5 (Feb. 1991): 33-56.
38. Fatima Mernissi, Women's Rebellion and Islamic Memory (London: Zed Books, 1996): 111-12.
39. Kolonel Abdul Latief, Suharto Terlibat G 30 S (Jakarta: Institut Studi Arus Informasi, 2000).
40. See testimonies of Peris Pardede (Gunawan), Nyono, and Sudisman in Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia;
41. see also May, The Indonesian Tragedy;
42. and Mortimer, Indonesian Communism, esp. 419.
43. Crouch, The Army and Politics in Indonesia.
44. See for instance C. Holtzappel, "The 30 September Movement: A Political Movement of the Armed Forces or an Intelligence Operation?" Journal of Contemporary Asia, 9, no. 2 (1979): 216-39;
45. Peter Dale Scott, "The United States and the Overthrow of Sukarno" Pacific Affairs (summer 1985): 237-64;
46. Ernst Utrecht, Indonesie's Nieuwe Orde: Ontbinding en Neokolonisatie (Amsterdam: van Gennep, 1970);
47. W.F. Wertheim, "Whose Plot?,
48. Colonel Latief, one of the plotters, met Soeharto on the eve of the putsch. See Wertheim, "Whose Plot?",
49. Wertheim, "Indonésie in 1965";
50. Benedict Anderson, "How Did the Generals Die?" Indonesia 43 (1987): 109-35.
51. B.J. Boland, The Struggle of Islam in Modern Indonesia (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1982).
52. See Cribb, The Indonesian Killings of 1965-66, for the role of Islamic youth groups.
53. See Adrian Vickers, Bali: A Paradise Created (Singapore: Periplus, 1989);
54. Henk Schulte Nordholt, State, Village and Ritual in Bali: A Historical Perspective (Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1991);
55. Geoffrey Robinson, The Dark Side of Paradise: Political Violence in Bali (Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press, 1995),
56. Geoffrey Robinson, "The Post-Coup Massacre in Bali" in Making Indonesia: Essays on Modern Indonesia in Honour of George McT. Kahin, ed. Daniel S. Lev and Ruth McVey (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1996): 118-44.
57. See Y. Pohan, Who Were the Real Plotters of the Coup against President Soekarno's Government? (Amsterdam: Indonesia Media Foundation, 1988), which provides one of the most sophisticated analyses of this history from a "progressive" Indonesian perspective. Pohan dwells at large on the "creeping coup" that brought Suharto to power but ignores the impact of the campaign of slander waged against Gerwani.
58. Utrecht, Indonesie's Nieuwe Orde;
59. Suharto, Setahun Penghianatan GESTAPU/PKI, Setahun Lobang Buaya (Jakarta: Jajasan Lembaga Penjelidikan Islam, 1966).
60. Schulte Nordholt, State, Village and Ritual;
61. and Vickers, Bali.
62. and Robinson, "The Post-Coup Massacre in Bali."
63. Robinson, The Dark Side of Paradise, 300.
64. See also Langenberg, "Gestapu and State Power in Indonesia."
65. Mortimer, Indonesian Communism under Soekarno, 420.
66. See Wieringa, "The Perfumed Nightmare," for further elaboration.