Iraqi Gulf War veteran refugees in the U.S.: PTSD and physical symptoms

Social Work in Health Care

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 85-98

  Jamil, Hikmet ^a   Nassar McMillan, Sylvia C ^b   Salman, Wisam A ^c   Tahar, Makki ^d   Jamil, Laith ^e  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Borgess Hospital   (United States)

^d Mayo Clinic ^*  (United States)

^e MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

Gulf War; Iraqi; Refugee; Veteran

Indexed keywords

ARAB; ARTICLE; CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FIBROMYALGIA; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; MALE; PERSIAN GULF SYNDROME; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; QUALITY OF LIFE; QUESTIONNAIRE; REFUGEE; SOCIAL DESIRABILITY; SYMPTOM; UNITED STATES; VETERAN;

GULF WAR; HUMANS; IRAQ; MALE; QUESTIONNAIRES; REFUGEES; STRESS DISORDERS, POST-TRAUMATIC; UNITED STATES; VETERANS;

EID: 33748557256     PISSN: 00981389     EISSN: 1541034X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1300/J010v43n04_06     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Arab American Institute. (2002). Healing the nation: The Arab American experience after September 11. Washington, DC: Arab American Institute Foundation.
2. Barrett, D. H., Doebelling, C. C., Schwartz, D. A., Voelker, M. D., Falter, K. H., Woolson, R. F., & Doebelling, B. N. (2002). Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and physical health status among U.S. military personnel serving during the Gulf War period: A population-based study. Psychosomatics, 43, 195-205.
3. Bennett, S. E. (1994). The Persian Gulf War's impact on Americans' political information. Political Behavior, 16 (179-20).
4. Blair, R. G. (2000). Risk factors associated with PTSD and major depression among Cambodian refugees in Utah. Health and Social Work, 25, 23-31.
5. Blair, R. G. (2001). Mental health needs among Cambodian refugees in Utah. International Social Work, 44, 179-196.
6. Brody, E. (1994). The mental health and well-being of refugees: Issues and directions. In M. A. J. Marsella, T. Bornemann, T. S. Edblad, & J. Orley (Eds.). Amidst peril and pain: The mental health and well-being of the world's refugees (pp. 57-68). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
7. Doebbeling, B. N., Jones, M. F., Hall, D. B., Clarke, W. R., Woolson, R. F., Torner, J. C., Burmeister, L. F., Snyders-Crumley, T., Barret, D. H., Falter, K. H., Merchant, J. A., Nusser, S., Anderson, D., & Schwartz, D. A. (2002). Methodologic issues in a population-based health survey of Gulf War veterans. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 55, 477-487.
8. Dhooper, S., & Tran, T. (1998). Understanding and responding to the health and mental health needs of Asian refugees. Social Work in Health Care, 27 (4), 65-83.
9. Feussner, J. R. (2002). Statement of John R. Feussner, Chief Research and Development Officer, Veterans Health Administration, before the National Security, Veterans Affairs and International Relations Subcommittee, Committee on Government Reform, U. S. House of Representatives, January 24, 2002, Available at: http://www.va.gov/OCA/testimony/24ja02JF_USA.htm Accessed February 14, 2003.
10. Haley, R. W., & Kurt, T. L. (1997). Self-reported exposure to neurotoxic chemical combinations in the Gulf War. Journal of the American Medical Association, 277, 231-237.
11. Halliday, F. (1997). Neither treason nor conspiracy: Reflections on media coverage of the Gulf War 1990-1991. Citizenship Studies, 1, 157-172.
12. Hyams, K. C., Wignall, F. S., & Roswell, R. (1996). War syndromes and their evaluation: From the U.S. Civil War to the Persian Gulf War. Annals of Internal Medicine, 125, 198-405.
13. The Iowa Persian Gulf Study Group. (1997). Self-reported illness and health status among gulf war veterans. The Journal of American Medical Association, 277, 238-245.
14. Jamil, H., Hakim-Larson, J., Farrag, M., Kafaji, T., Duqum, I., & Jamil, L. (2002). A retrospective study of Arab American mental health clients: Trauma and the Iraqi refugees. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 355-361.
15. Jamil, H., Nassar-McMillan, S. C., & Lambert, R. (2004). Aftermath of the Persian Gulf War: Mental health issues among Iraqi American veterans. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26, 295-308.
16. Jamil, H., Hakim-Larson, J., Farrag, M., Kafaji, T., Jamil, L. H., & Hammad, A. Medical Complaints Among Iraqi American Refugees With Mental Disorders. Journal of Immigrant Health, 7(3).
17. Joellenbeck, L., M., Landrigan, P. J., & Larson, E. L. (1997). Gulf War veterans' illnesses: A case study in causal inference. Environmental Research, 79, 71-81.
18. Nassar-McMillan, S. C. (2003a). Counseling Arab-Americans. In N.A. Vacc, S.B. DeVaney, & J.M. Brendel (Eds.). Counseling multicultural and diverse populations (4th ed., pp. 117-139). Brunner-Routledge: New York.
19. Nassar-McMillan, S. C. (2003b). Counseling Arab Americans: Counselors' call for advocacy and social justice. Denver: Love Publishing.
20. Nassar-McMillan, S. C., & Hakim-Larson, J. (2003). Counseling considerations among Arab Americans. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 150-159.
21. Nydell, M. (1987). Understanding Arabs: A guide for westerners. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
22. Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 17-59). Academic Press.
23. Sarroub, L. K. (2002). From neologisms to social practice: An analysis of the wanding of America. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 33, 297-307.
24. Siegel, S., & Castellan, N. J. (1990). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. (2nd ed.). Hightstown, NJ: McGraw-Hill.
25. Shain, Y.(1996). Arab-Americans at a crossroads. Journal of Palestine Studies, 25, 46-59.
26. Southwick, S. M., Morgan, C. A., Darnell, A., Bremner, D., Nicolaou, A. L, Nagy, L. M., & Charney, D. S. (1995). Trauma-related symptoms in veterans of Operation Desert Storm: A 2-year follow-up. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 1150-1155.
27. Strahan, R., & Gerbasi, K. C. (1972). Short, homogeneous versions of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28, 191-193.
28. Tang, S. S., & Fox, S. H. (2001). Traumatic experiences and the mental health of Senegalese refugees. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 8.
29. Von Buchenwald, U. (1994). Refugee dependency: Origins and consequences. In M. A. J. Marsella, T. Bornemann, T. S. Edblad, & J. Orley (Eds.). Amidst peril and pain: The mental health and well-being of the world's refugees (pp. 229-237). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
30. Weathers, F., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Presented at the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies; San Antonio.