Photosensitization of biomolecules by phenothiazine derivatives

Current Drug Targets

Volumn 7, Issue 9, 2006, Pages 1135-1154

  Viola, Giampietro ^a   Dall'Acqua, Francesco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bovine serum albumin; Catalase; Chlorpromazine; NMR; Promethazine; SDS PAGE

Indexed keywords

ACEPROMAZINE; ANTIALLERGIC AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; CELL DNA; CELL PROTEIN; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHLORPROMAZINE SULFOXIDE; DIXYRAZINE; FLUPHENAZINE; HISTAMINE H1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LEVOMEPROMAZINE; LIPID; METHOPROMAZINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NUCLEIC ACID; PERAZINE; PERPHENAZINE; PHENOTHIAZINE DERIVATIVE; PHOTOFRIN; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT; PROCHLORPERAZINE; PROMAZINE; PROMETHAZINE; PROTHIPENDYL; PSORALEN; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THIORIDAZINE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; TRIFLUPROMAZINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

BACTERIUM; CARCINOGENICITY; CELL INTERACTION; CELL STRUCTURE; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; DNA CLEAVAGE; DNA MODIFICATION; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG BINDING; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG DECOMPOSITION; DRUG DNA INTERACTION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; GENOTOXICITY; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; LIGHT; LUNG CANCER; MENTAL DISEASE; MOLECULE; MUTAGENICITY; NONHUMAN; ORGANIC BRAIN SYNDROME; PHOTOALLERGY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHOTOREACTIVITY; PHOTOSENSITIZATION; PHOTOTOXICITY; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SKIN TOXICITY; SYSTEMIC THERAPY; ULTRAVIOLET A RADIATION; VIRUS INACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; LIGHT; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; PHENOTHIAZINES; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS;

EID: 33748507346     PISSN: 13894501     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138945006778226561     Document Type: Review

References (183)

1. Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1997) In Advances in Drug Research, (Testa, B. and Mayer, U. eds.) Academic Press, New York, Vol. 29, pp. 79-170.
2. Drugs: Photochemistry and Photostability (1998) (Albini, A. and Fasani, E. eds.) Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. pp. 1-74.
3. Greenhill, J.V. and McLelland, M.A. (1990) In Progress in Medicinal Chemistry (Ellis, G.P. and West, G.B. Eds.) vol. 27, pp. 51-121.
4. Dall'Acqua, F., Viola, G. and Vedaldi, D. (2004) In CRC Handbook of Organic Photochemistry and Photobiology. (Hoorspool, W.M. and Lenci, F. Eds.) CRC Press Boca Raton USA, pp.1-17.
5. Lovell, W.W. (1993) Toxic. In Vitro 7, 95-102.
6. Loveday, K.S. (1996) Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 369-372.
7. Bensasson, R.V., Land, E.J. and Truscott, T.G. (1993) Excited States and Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8. Williams, D.A. (2002) Foye Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 5th ed. Lippincot and Wiliiams and Wilkins, Philadelfia.
9. Mitchell, S.C. (1998) In Sulfur containing drugs and related organic compounds. Vol 3 part A (Damani, L.A. Ed.) Ellis Horwood series in Biochemical Pharmacology pp. 19-52.
10. Ljunggren, B. (1977) J. Invest. Dermatol. 69, 383-386.
11. Hull, D.S., Csukas, S. and Green, K. (1982) Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 22, 502-508.
12. Epstein, J.H. (1983) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 8, 141-147.
13. Ljunggren, B. and Bjellerup, M. (1986) Photodermatology 3, 26-35.
14. Piette, J., Decuyper, J., Merville, M.P. and Van der Vorst, A. (1986) Biochimie 68, 835-842.
15. Wolf, M.E., Richer, S., Berk, M.A. and Mosnaim, A.D. (1993) Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. Toxicol. 31, 365-367.
16. Persad, S., Menon, I.A., Basu, P.K. and Carre, F. (1988) Curr. Eye Res. 7, 1-9.
17. Gould, J.W., Mercurio, M.G. and Elmets, C.A. (1995) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33, 551-573.
18. Gonzáles, E. and Gonzáles, S. (1996) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 35, 871-885.
19. Elisei, F., Latterini, L., Aloisi, G.G., Mazzucato, U., Viola, G., Miolo, G., Vedaldi, D. and Dall'Acqua, F. (2002) Photochem. Photobiol. 75, 11-21.
20. Vargas, F, Carbonell, K. and Camacho, M. (2003) Pharmazie, 58, 315-319.
21. Eberlein-Konig, B., Bindl, A. and Przybilla, B. (1997) Dermatology, 194, 131-135.
22. Gilbert, A. and Baggott, J. (1991) In Essential of Molecular Photochemistry, Blackwell Sci. Ltd. Oxford.
23. Foote, C.S. (1991) Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 659.
24. Aveline, B.M, Sattler, R.M. and Redmond, R.W. (1998) Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 51-62.
25. Aveline, B.M. and Redmond, R.W. (1999) Photochem. Photobiol. 69, 306-316.
26. Redmond, R.W. (1994) NATO ASI Ser. Photobiology in Medicine, 272, 1-28.
27. Cosa, G. and Scaiano, J.C. (2004) Photochem. Photobiol. 80, 159-174.
28. Saucin, M. and Van der Vorst, A. (1980) Rad. Environ. Biophys. 17, 158-167.
29. Iwaoka, T. and Kondo, M. (1974) Bull. Chem Soc. Jpn. 47, 980-986.
30. Navaratnam, S., Parson, B.J., Philips, G.O. and Davies, A.K. (1977) J. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans. 1, 74, 1811-1819.
31. Alkaitis, S:A., Beck, G. and Graetzel, M. (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 5723-5729.
32. Decupyer, J., Piette, J., Lopez, M., Merville, M. and Van der Vorst, A. (1984) Biochem. Pharmacol. 24, 4025-4031.
33. Motten, A.G., Buettner, G.R. and Chignell, F.C. (1985) Photochem. Photobiol. 29, 791-796.
34. Buettner, G.R., Hall, R.D., Chignell, F.C. and Motten, A.G. (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. 49, 249-256.
35. Hall, R.D., Buettner, G.R., Chignell, C.F. and Colin, F. (1991) Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 167-173.
36. Garcia, C., Smith, G.A., McGimpsey, W.G., Kochevar, I.E. and Redmond, R.W. (1995) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 117, 10871-10878.
37. Sarata, G., Sakai, M. and Takahashi, H. (2000) J. Raman Spectr. 31, 785-790.
38. Kojima, M., Nebashi, S., Nakamura, K., Ikeda, T., Yatsushido, A., Tajima, S. and Tobita, S. (2001) Chem. Lett. 6, 544-545.
39. Feilmeister, A. and Disher, C.A. (1964) J. Pharm. Sci. 53, 756-762.
40. Huang, C.L. and Sands, F.L. (1964) J. Chromatogr., 13, 246-249.
41. Huang, C.L. and Sands, F.L. (1967) J. Pharm. Sci. 56, 259-264.
42. Sharples, D. (1981) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33, 242-243.
43. Rosenthal, I., Ben, Hur, E., Prager, A., Riklis, E. (1978) Photochem. Photobiol. 28, 591-594.
44. Grant, F.W. and Greene, J. (1972) J. Toxicol. Apll. Pharmacol. 23, 71-74.
45. Kochevar, I. and Horn, J. (1983) Photochem. Photobiol. 37, 163-168.
46. Pawelczyk, E. and Marciniec, B. (1977) Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 29, 137-142.
47. Pawelczyk, E. and Marciniec, B. (1977) Pol. J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 29, 143-149.
48. Moore, D.E., Tamat, S.R. (1980) J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 33, 172-177.
49. Moore, D.E., Fallon, M.P. and Burt, C.D. (1983) Int. J. Pharm. 14, 133-135.
50. Li, A.S.W. and Chignell, C.F. (1987) Photochem. Photobiol. 45, 695-701.
51. van der Broecke, L.T., Ouijja, H., Boiarski, J. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1994) Photochem. Photobiol. 59, 140-144.
52. Schoonderwoerd, S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. and van Belkum, S. (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. 50, 659-664.
53. Glass, B.D., Brown, M.E. and Drummond, P.M. (1998) (Albini, A. and Fasani, E.eds.) Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge pp. 134-149.
54. Spielmann, H., Balls, M., Dupuis, J., Pape, W.J., Pechovitch, G., deSilva, O., Holzhutter, H.G., Clothier, R., Desolle, P., Gerberick, F., Liebsch, M., Lovell, W.W., Maurer, T., Pfannenbecker, U., Potthast, J.M., Csato, M., Sladowski, D., Steiling, W. and Brantom, P. (1998) Toxicol. in Vitro 12, 305-327.
55. Liebsch, M., Doring, B., Donelly, T.A., Logemann, P., Rheins, L.A. and Spielmann, H. (1995) Toxicol. In Vitro 9, 557-562.
56. Duffy, P.A., Benneth, A., Roberts, M. and Flint, O.P. (1987) Mol. Toxicol. 1, 579-587.
57. Maier, K., Schmitt-Landgraf, R. and Siegmund, B. (1991) Toxicl. in Vitro 5, 457-461.
58. Johnson, B.E., Walker, E.M. and Hetherington, A.M. (1986) In Skin Models, Models to Study Function and Disease of Skin (ed. Marks, R. and Plewig, G.) Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag pp.264-281.
59. Gibbs, N.K. (1987) Photodermatology 4, 312-316.
60. Morison, W.L., McAuliffe, D.J. Parrish, J.A. and Block, K.J. (1982) J. Invest. Dermatol. 78, 460-463.
61. Liebsch, M., Spielmann, H., Balls, M., Brand, M., Döring, B., Dupuis, J., Holzhütter, H.G., Klecak, G., l'Eplattenier, H., Lovell, W.W., Maurer, T., Moldenhauer, F., Moore, L., Pape, W.J.W., Pfannenbecker, U., Potthast, J., De Silva, O., Steiling, W. and Willshaw, A. (1994) In Vitro Skin Toxicology - Irritation, Phototoxicity, Sensitization (Rougier A., Goldberg, A.M. and Maibach, H.I. eds.) Alternative Methods in Toxicology, Volume 10, New York: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. pp.243-251.
62. Robertson, D.G., Bailey, D.L. and Martin, R.A. (1991) Photochem. Photobiol. 53, 455-461.
63. Pape, W.J.W., Brandt, M. and Pfannenbecker, U. (1994) Toxicol. In Vitro 8, 755-757.
64. Figureido, A., Ribeiro, C.A.F., Goncolo, M., Baptista, A.P. and Teixeira, F. (1993) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 18, 161-168.
65. Barratt, M.D. and Brown, K.R. (1985) Toxicol. Lett. 24, 1-6.
66. Miranda, M.A., Castell, J.V., Hernandez, D., Gomez-Lechon, M.J., Bosca, F., Morera, I.M. and Sarabia, Z. (1998) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 11, 172-177.
67. Miranda, M.A., Castell, J.V., Gómez-Lechón, M.J. and Martinez, L.A. (1993) Toxicol. In Vitro 7, 523-526.
68. Castell, J.V., Gómez-Lechón, M.J., Martinez, L.A. and Miranda, M.A. (1994) Photochem. Photobiol. 59, 35-39.
69. Torinuki, W. and Tagami, H. (1986) J. Invest. Dermatol. 86, 142-144.
70. Sacharoff, G. and Sachs, H. (1905) Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 52, 297-299.
71. Mosmann, T. (1983) J. Immunol. Meth. 65, 55-63.
72. Hasei, K., Ichihashi, M. and Mojamdar, M. (1984) Photochem. Photobiol. 40, 273-276.
73. Kochevar, I.E. (1981) J. Invest. Dermatol. 77, 59-64.
74. Kochevar, I.E. and Lamola, A.A. (1979) Photochem. Photobiol. 29, 791-796.
75. Bastianon, C., Zanoni, R., Miolo, G., Caffieri, S. and Reddi, E. (2005) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 37, 901-8.
76. Johnson, B.E. (1974) Proc. R. Soc. Med. 67, 871-873.
77. Shigehara, N, Kakegawa, H, Miyataka, H, Matsumoto, H, Isobe, A. and Satoh, T. (1993) Biol. Pharm. Bull. 16, 576-578.
78. Wolnicka-Glubisz, A., Rijnkels, J.M., Sarna, T. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (2002) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 68, 65-72.
79. Van Iperen, H.P., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1992) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 15, 361-366.
80. Van Iperen, H., P, Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1993) Photochem. Photobiol. 58, 571-574.
81. Edelson, R., Berger, C., Gasparro, F., Jegasothy, C, B., Heald, P., Wintroub, B., Vonderheid, E., Knobler, R., Wolff, K., Plewig, G., McKiernan, G., Christiansen, I., Oster, M., Honigsmann, H., Wilford, H., Koroska, E., Rehle, T., Stingl, G. and Laroche, L. (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. 316, 297-303.
82. van Iperen, H.P. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1996) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 34, 217-224.
83. Martinez, L. and Chignell, C.F. (1998) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 45, 51-59.
84. Artuso, T., Bernardou, J., Meunier, B. and Paillous, N. (1990) Biochem. Pharmacol., 39, 407-413.
85. Artuso, T., Bernardou, J., Meunier, B., Piette, J. and Paillous, N. (1991) 54, 205-213.
86. Wilson, W.D. In Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology, 2nd ed. (Blackburn, G.M. and Gait, M. J. eds.) IRL Press, Oxford, U. K., pp. 329-374.
87. Ihmels, H., Faulahaber, K. and Viola, G. (2004) In Highlights in Bioorganic Chemistry: Methods and Applications (Schmuck, C. and Wennemers, H. Eds.) Wiley VCH. pp. 172-187.
88. De, Mol, N.J. and Manders, J.P.A.C.M. (1983) Int. J. Pharmaceutics 16, 153-161.
89. Schatchard, G. (1949) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 51, 660-672.
90. Kochevar, I.E., Garcia, N.C. and Geacintov, N.E. (1998) Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 692-697
91. Viola, G., Latterini, L., Gabellini, N., Vedaldi. D., Dall'Acqua, F., Elisei, F., Aloisi, G.A. and Barbafina, A. (2003) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 16, 644-651.
92. McGhee, J.D. and von Hippel, P.H. (1974) J. Mol Biol., 86, 469-489.
93. Nordén, B., Kubista, M. and Kurucsev, T. (1992) Q. Rev. Biophys. 25, 51-171.
94. Nordén, B. and Kurucsev, T. (1994) J. Mol. Recognit. 7, 141-156.
95. Bailly, C., Hènichart, J.P., Colson, P. and Houssier, C.J. (1992) J. Mol. Recognit. 5, 155-171.
96. Wada, A. and Kozawa, S. (1964) J. Polymer. Sci. 42, 853-864.
97. Kahn, G. and Davies, B.P. (1970) J. Invest. Dermatol. 55, 45-51.
98. De, Mol, N.J. and Busker, R.W. (1984) Chem. Biol. Interact. 52, 79-92.
99. Kochevar, I.E., Chung, F.L. and Jeffrey, A.M. (1984) Chem. Biol. Interact. 51, 273-284.
100. Ciulla, T.A., Epling, G.A. and Kochevar, I.E. (1986) Photochem. Photobiol. 43, 607-613.
101. Merville, M.P., Piette, J., Lopez, M., Decuyper, J. and Van der Vorst, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15069-15077.
102. Fujita, H. and Matsuo, I. (1988) Chem. Biol. Interact., 66, 27-36.
103. Halliwel, B. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1984) Biochem. J. 219, 1-14.
104. Burrows, C.J. and Muller, J.G. (1998) Chem. Rev., 98, 1109-1151.
105. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. and Coulsen, A.R. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74, 5463-5467.
106. Marko, J., Vermeersch, Febvay-Garot, N. and Lablanche-Combier, A. (1985) Photochem. Photobiol. 42, 213-221.
107. Stolze, K. and Mason, R.P. (1991) Chem. Biol. Interact. 77, 283-289.
108. Berhens, G., Kroneburg, G. and Schulte-Frohlinde, D. (1982) Z. Naturforsch. Teil C; Biosci., 37, 1205.
109. Giese, B., Beirich-Graf, X., Burger, J., Kesselheim, C., Senn, M., Schäfer, T. (1993) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 32, 1742-1743.
110. Steenken, S., Jovanovic, S.V., Candeias, L.P. and Reynisson, J. (2001) Chem. Eur. J. 7, 2829-2833.
111. Emerit, I. (1994) Free Radical Biol. Med. 16 99-109.
112. Yu, T.W. and Anderson, D. (1997) Mutat. Res. 379, 201-210.
113. Reavy, H.J., Traynor, N.J. and Gibbs, N.K. (1997) Photochem. Photobiol. 66, 368-373.
114. G., Kleacak, Urbach, F. and Urwyler, H. (1997) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 37, 174-181.
115. Johnson, B.E., Gibbs, N.K. and Ferguson, F. (1997) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 37, 171-173.
116. Nataraj, A.J., Black, H.S. and Ananthaswamy, H.N. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 7961-7965.
117. Müller, L. and Kasper, P. (1998) Int. J. Toxicol. 17, 551-558.
118. Meunier, J.R., Sarasin, A. and Marrot, L. (2002) Photochem. Photobiol. 75, 437-447.
119. Gocke, E., Muller, L., Guzzie, P.J., Brendler-Schwaab, S., Bulera, S., Chignell, C.F., Henderson, L.M., Jacobs, A., Murli, H., Snyder, R.Y. and Tanaka, N. (2000) Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 35, 173-184.
120. Marrot, L., Belaidi, J.P., Chaubo, C., Meunier, J.R., Perez, P. and Agapakis-Causse, C. (2001) Toxicol. In Vitro 15, 131-142.
121. Jose, J.G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 469-472.
122. Kersten, B., Zhang, J., Brendler-Schwaab, S.Y, Kasper, P. and Muller, L. (1999) Mutation Res. 445, 55-71.
123. Kersten, B., Kasper, P., Brendler-Schwaab, S.Y. and Muller, L. (2002) Mutation Res. 519, 49-66.
124. Kelly-Garvert, F. and Legator, M.S. (1973) Mutation Res. 21, 101-105.
125. MacPhee, D.G. and Imray, F.P. (1974) Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 27, 231-234
126. Ben-Hur, E., Prager, A., Green, M. and Rosenthal, I. (1980) Chem. Biol. Interact. 29, 223-233.
127. Levin, D.E., Yamasaki, E., Ames, B.N. (1982) Mutation Res. 94, 315-330.
128. Ellenberg, J. (1983) Mutation Res. 113, 335-336.
129. Henderson, L., Fedyk, J., Bourner, C., Windenbank, S., Fletscher, S. and Lovell, W. (1994) Mutagenesis 9, 459-465.
130. De, Mol, N.J., Posthuma, R.M. and Mohm, G.R. (1983) Chem. Biol. Interact. 47, 223-237.
131. Dean, S.W., Lane, M., Dunmore, R.H., Ruddock, S.P., Martin, C.M., Kirkland and Loprieno, M. (1991) Mutagenesis 6, 335-341.
132. Chetelat, A., Albertini, S., Dresp, J.H., Strobel, R. and Gocke, E. (1993) Mutation Res. 292, 241-250.
133. Merville, M.P., Calberg-Bacq, C.M., Piette, J., Decuyper, J. and Van der Vorst, A. (1983) Chem. Biol. Interact. 44, 261-274.
134. Chetelat, A., Dresp, J.H. and Gocke, E. (1993) Mutation Res. 292, 251-258.
135. Matsuo, I., Ohkido, M., Fuijita, H. and Suzuki, K. (1980) Photochem. Photobiol. 31, 175-178.
136. Averbeck, D. (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. 50, 859-882.
137. Jose, J.G. and Yielding, K.L. (1978) Invest. Ophtamol. Vis. Sci. 17, 687-691.
138. Day, R.S. III and Dimattina, M. (1977) Mutation Res. 46, 112-113.
139. Day, R.S. III and Dimattina, M. (1977) Chem. Biol. Interact. 17, 89-97.
140. Peak, M.J., Pfaff, M. and Peraino, C. (1989) Br. J. Cancer 60, 220-222.
141. Gocke, E. (1996) Mutation Res. 366, 9-21.
142. Speit, G. and Vogel, W. (1979) Mutation Res. 59, 223-229.
143. Schoonderwoerd, S.A., Beijerbergen, van Henegouwen, M.J. and Panday, I. (1990) Z. Naturforsch 45c, 638-644.
144. Kalweit, S., Utesch, D., von der Hude, W. and Madle, S. (1999) Mutat. Res. 439, 183-190.
145. Snyder, R.D. and Cooper, C.S. (1999) Photochem. Photobiol. 69, 288-293.
146. Miller, B.M., Pujadas, E. and Gocke, E. (1995) Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 26, 240-247.
147. Vian, L., Bichet, N. and Gouy, D. (1993) Mutat. Res. 291, 93-102.
148. Kelly, G., Meikle, W.D. and Moore, D.E. (1989) Photochem. Photobiol. 49, 59-65.
149. Hoffman, A.V. and Disher, C.A. (1968) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 126, 728-730.
150. Rosenthal, I., Ben-Hur, Prager, A. and Riklis, E. (1978) Photochem. Photobiol. 28, 591-594.
151. Testylier, G., Daveloose, D., Leterrier, F., Buchmann, O. and Shimoni, M. (1984) Photochem. Photobiol. 39, 273-276
152. Roberts, J.E. (1984) Invest. Ophtalmol. Vis. Sci. 25, 746-750.
153. Merville, M.P., Decuyper, J., Piette, J., Calberg-Bacq, C.M. and Van der Vorst, A. Invest. Ophtalmol. Vis. Sci. 25, 573-580.
154. Goucher, C., Windle, J.J. and Levy, L. (1975) Mol. Pharmacol. 11, 603-612.
155. Merville, M.P., Piette, J., Decuypier, J., Calberg-Bacq, C.M. and Van Der Vorst, A. (1983) Chem. Biol. Interact. 44, 275-287.
156. Schoonderwoerd, S.A. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1987) Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 501-505.
157. Schoonderwoerd, S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J., Person, C.C.M., Caffieri, S. and Dall'Acqua, F. (1991) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. Biol. 10, 257-268.
158. Schoonderwoerd, S.A., Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. and Luijendijk, H.J. (1988) Photochem. Photobiol. 48, 621-626.
159. van Iperen, H.P., Shuitmaker, H.J. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1995) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 28, 197-202.
160. van Iperen, H.P. and Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G.M.J. (1997) J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 38, 203-208.
161. Girotti, W. (1998) J. Lipid Res., 39, 1529-542.
162. Gresset, C., Daveloose, D., Leterierr, F., Bazin, M. and Santus, R. (1979) Chem. Phys. Lett. 64, 440-444.
163. Copeland, E., Alving, C.R. and Grenan, M.M. (1976) Photochem. Photobiol. 24, 41-48.
164. Testylier, G., Clement, G. and Leterrier, F. (1984) Photochem. Photobiol. 39, 277-280.
165. Beuge, J.A. and Aust, S.D. (1978) Methods Enzymol. 30, 302-310.
166. Oleinick, N.L., Morris, R.L. and Belichenko, I (2002) Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 1, 1-21.
167. Wainwright, M. (1995) Chem. Soc. Rev. 25, 351-359.
168. Wainwright, M. and Giddens, R.M. (2003) Dyes Pigments 57, 245-257.
169. Floyd, R.A., Schneider, J.E. and Dittmer, D.R. (2004) Antiviral Res. 61, 141-151.
170. Ben-Hur, E. and Horowitz, B. (1995) Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 383-388.
171. Wagner, S.J., Skripchenko, A., Robinette, D., Foley, J.W. and Cincotta, L. (1998) Photochem. Photobiol. 67, 343-349.
172. Mohr, H., Bachmann, B., Klein-Struckmeier, A. and Lambrecht, B. (1997) Photochem. Photobiol. 65, 441-445
173. Skripchenko, A., Robinette, D. and Wagner, S.J. (1997) Photochem. Photobiol. 65, 451-455.
174. Cincotta, L., Foley, J.W. and Cincotta, A.H. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 2571-2580.
175. Cincotta, L., Szeto, D., Lampros, E., Hasan, T. and Cincotta, A.H, Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 229-237.
176. Link, E.M. (1999) Hybridoma 18, 77-82.
177. Orth, K., Ruck, A., Stanescu, A. and Berger, H.C. (1995) Lancet 345, 519-520.
178. Wainwright, M. (1998) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 42, 13-28.
179. Wainwright, M., Phoenix, D.A., Laycock, S.L., Wareing, D.R.A. and Wright, P.A. (1998) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 160, 177.
180. Wainwright, M. (2000) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 16, 381-394.
181. Wagner, S.J. (2002) Transfus. Med. Rev. 16, 61-66.
182. Wainwrigth, M. (2004) Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 3, 406-411.
183. Wainwrigth, M. (2002) Curr. Med. Chem. 9, 127-143.