Language and empire, c.1800

Historical Research

Volumn 78, Issue 200, 2005, Pages 208-229

  Rothschild, Emma ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33748503074     PISSN: 09503471     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2281.2005.00338.x     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. 'Discours du général Bonaparte', 9 Nov. 1799, in Correspondance de Napoléon Ier (32 vols., Paris, 1858-70), vi. 1
2. 'Foreign influence' (23 Jan. 1799), in The Papers of James Madison, ed. W. T. Hutchinson and others (17 vols., Chicago, Ill. and Charlottesville, Va., 1962-91), xvii. 219
3. A. M. Blanc de Lanautte, comte d'Hauterive, De l'Etat de la France à la fin de l'an VIII (Paris, 1800), pp. 211, 258
4. A. F. Artaud de Montor, Histoire de la vie et des travaux politiques du comte d'Hauterive, contenant une partie des actes de la diplomatic française, depuis 1784 jusqu'en 1830 (Paris, 1839), pp. 69-70, 77, 79; Alexandre d'Hauterive, Mémoire sur l'état anden et actuel de la Moldavie (1787; Bucharest, 1902), pp. 300, 390
5. Friedrich von Gentz, On the State of Europe before and after the French Revolution; being an answer to L'Etat de la France à la fin de l'an VIII, trans. J. C. Herries (5th edn., 1802), p. 291
6. 'Barère' (1844), in The Miscellaneous Writings, Speeches and Poems of Lord Macaulay (4 vols., 1880), i. 337
7. C. A. Bayly, The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914: Global Connections and Comparisons (Oxford, 2004)
8. Friedrich von Gentz, Essai sur l'état actuel de l'administration des finances et de la richesse nationale de la Grande Bretagne (1800), pp. 63-4; Hauterive, Etat, p. 210. There are interesting accounts of Gentz's and Hauterive's writings in M. Forsyth, 'The old European states-system: Gentz versus Hauterive', Historical Jour., xxiii (1980), 521-38; and G. Kronenbitter, Wort und Macht: Friedrich Gentz als politischer Schriftsteller (Berlin, 1994), pp. 283-98
9. Gentz, Essai, pp. 16-17, 265, 275
10. Hauterive, Etat, p. 6
11. Gentz, On the State of Europe, pp. 39, 308-9, 325; Friedrich von Gentz, Von dem politischen Zustande von Europa vor und nach der Französischen Revoluzion: Eine Prüfung des Buches: De l'Etat de la France à la fin de l'an VIII (Berlin, 1801), p. 328
12. The National Archives of the U.K.: Public Record Office, FO 353/42, letter of George Hammond, Downing Street, to Benjamin Garlike, 20 May 1800
13. T.N.A.: P.R.O., FO 64/57, letter from Gentz to Lord Grenville, 2 June 1800, enclosed in a letter from Garlike to George Hammond, 6 June 1800
14. Speech of 17 Feb. 1792, in The War Speeches of William Pitt the Younger, ed. R. Coupland (Oxford, 1915), pp. 18-19
15. Barère, La liberté des mers, i. 20
16. David Ramsay, The History of the American Revolution (2 vols., 1793), i. vi-vii; Gentz, The French and American Revolutions, p. 94
17. Madison, 'Foreign influence', pp. 217-20
18. Barère, La liberté des mers, ii. 307
19. Gentz, The French and American Revolutions, pp. 69, 71-2, 78, 82, 85
20. Edmund Burke, 'Letters on a regicide peace' (1796), in The Works of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke (12 vols., 1899), v. 342, 375, 393
21. The Parliamentary History of England, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803 (vols. 13-36, 1812-20), xxx, col. 189 (28 Dec. 1792)
22. Johann Gottfried Herder, Auch eine Philosophie der Geschichte zur Bildung der Menschheit (1774; Stuttgart, 1990), pp. 66, 69, 71, 75, 107; Johann Gottfried Herder, Journal meiner Reise im Jahr 1769 (Stuttgart, 1976), p. 91
23. Gentz, The French and American Revolutions, pp. 5, 70-1
24. Count Mathieu de Montmorency, 1 Aug. 1789 (Archives Parlementaires, 1st ser., viii, Paris, 1875), p. 320
25. Barere, Rapport et projet de décret, pp. 10, 12
26. Joseph de Maistre, Considérations sur la France (1797; Paris, 1988), pp. 22, 38. Gentz reported in his diary in Apr. 1802 that he had dinner in Berlin, at the house of an English diplomat, with the 'great Count Maistre', on his way 'from Turin to Petersburg' (Gentz, Tagebücher, i. 27-8)
27. Correspondance de Napoléon Ier, vi. 19
28. J.-E.-M. Portalis, 'Discours préliminaire', in Ewald, p. 36
29. Alexandre d'Hauterive, Quelques conseils à un jeune voyager (Paris, 1826), pp. 6, 14, 16, 32, 39
30. C. A. Bayly, Imperial Meridian: the British Empire and the World 1780-1830 (1989)
31. See E. Rothschild, 'The English kopf', in The Political Economy of British Historical Experience 1688-1914, ed. D. Winch and P. O'Brien (Oxford, 2002), pp. 31-60
32. A. T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power upon the French Revolution and Empire 1793-1812 (2 vols., Boston, Mass., 1892), ii. 199
33. On Southey's and others' ideas of moral revolution, see E. Rothschild, Economic Sentiments: Adam Smith, Condorcet and the Enlightenment (Cambridge, Mass., 2001), pp. 7-51
34. A. Grafton, The Footnote: a Curious History (Cambridge, Mass., 1997), p. 44
35. Anon., 'Stewart's account of the life and writings of William Robertson, D.D. F.R.S.E., late principal of the University of Edinburgh', Edinburgh Review, ii (Apr. 1803), 229-49, at pp. 240-1
36. R. Darnton, 'Intellectual and cultural history', in R. Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (1990), pp. 191-218, at pp. 206-7
37. E. Hobsbawm, 'Where are British historians going?', Marxist Quarterly, ii (1955), 14-26, at pp. 21-2
38. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Friend (2 vols., Princeton, N.J., 1969), i. 189
39. R. Darnton, 'An early information society: news and the media in 18th-century Paris', Amer. Hist. Rev., cv (2000), 1-35, at pp. 2, 7
40. R. Pocock, The History of the Incorporated Town and Parishes of Gravesend and Milton, in the County of Kent (Gravesend, 1797), pp. 180-1, 248
41. Alexandre d'Hauterive, Méthode pour se former en peu de temps et sans étude à une pronondation facile et correcte des langues étrangères. Extrait d'un ouvrage inédit sur l'étude des langues (Paris, 1827), pp. 18-19
42. Hauterive, Mémoire sur la Moldavie, pp. 250, 369. The idioms were Greek, Turkish, Moldavian, Armenian, Arabic, Persian, Russian, Polish, Saxon, Hungarian, Illyrian, Bohemian, Moravian, German, Danish, Spanish, Tartar, English, French, Hebrew, and the semi-language of 'Zigan'
43. For important recent work using these sources, see J. J. McCusker, Essays in the Economic History of the Atlantic World (1997), esp. pp. 145-89; and The Early Modern Atlantic Economy, ed. J. J. McCusker and K. Morgan (Cambridge, 2000), esp. pp. 36-85
44. On the 'habits and dispositions revealed by law in the language mobilised by legal actors', see H. Hartog, Man and Wife in America: a History (Cambridge, Mass., 2000), p. 2. On law and citizenship, see C. Anderson, 'Britons abroad and aliens at home: nationality, law and policy in Britain, 1815-70' (unpublished University of Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 2004); and '"National characters": law, migration, and identity in the British legal world, 1776-1830' (Harvard University, The Atlantic History Seminar, 2004)
45. Hauterive, 'Journal', pp. 55, 66, 85-6; Montor, p. 75; Jefferson Papers, xxvi. 370-1, 447, xxvii. 254, 280-90, 341, 461-2