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Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
Volumn 34, Issue 15, 1995, Pages 1555-1573
Patterns in Hydrogen Bonding: Functionality and Graph Set Analysis in Crystals
Author keywords

hydrogen bonds; self organization; solid state structures
Indexed keywords

EID: 33748502022     PISSN: 05700833     EISSN: 15213773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.199515551     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8092)
References (144)
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    • From the Introduction to “The Guide of the Perplexed” by the medieval Jewish philosopher/physician, Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon, also known as the Rambam or Maimonides.
  • 37
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    • Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 34, in press
    • (1995)
  • 66
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    • Note that a hydrogen bond from a cation to an anion, or from a molecule to a cocrystallized solvent molecule must be denoted in the first level as D. A‐discrete set that involves more than one hydrogen bond (binary or higher level) would necessarily have more than one donor and/or acceptor and more than two atoms in the pattern, so the subscript, superscript, and parenthetic notation of degree would all be required.
  • 67
    • 84989599443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • This would correspond to a different level of the graph set assignment (see Section 3).
  • 70
    • 84989511326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The appearance of these more complex ring notations in some automatic fashion, for example, in a computerized graph set assignment procedure, would be an indication of such an extended ring pattern. The ring system shown here is a pervasive feature in crystal structures of the amino acids.
  • 88
    • 84989577063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The following discussion is based on the assumption of the availability of rather primitive software for calculating geometry and plotting crystal structures. Surprisingly, very few of the currently available molecular modeling software packages have convenient means for displaying and analyzing crystal structures, as opposed to molecular structures.
  • 89
    • 84989588539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One of the problems in developing the graph sets stems from the necessity in most cases to generate rather extended descriptions of the crystal structure, including the hydrogen bonding, rather than simply the molecular structure or the “view of the packing” that are sometimes automatically generated. The latter generally does not include sufficient numbers of molecules to portray all the specific intermolecular interactions. In many cases, a single view of the crystal structure, even in stereo, is difficult to interpret. Software for readily generating and rotating crystal structures with a number of unit cells considerably facilitates this task, and will make the examination of crystal structures and the assignment of their hydrogen‐bonding graph sets a much more common practice.
  • 91
    • 84989577069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M. Sc. Thesis, Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, 1992.
    • Shimoni, L.1
  • 95
    • 84989581593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In this admonition, the word “all” must be taken in the light of the infinite number of increasingly larger ring systems that appear in a mesh such as that discussed earlier for α‐glycine.
  • 97
    • 84989511298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) The two hydrogen bonds are crystallographically distinct and should be treated separately, as discussed in Section 5.
  • 104
    • 84989581633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nomenclature for distinguishing polymorphs has never really been standardized [41]. To avoid even further confusion than already exists in the literature we have chosen in the following discussion to use the names of the polymorphs as they appear in the original literature that is cited here. This has been done at the expense of consistency in style in this paper.
  • 110
    • 84989581618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative orientation of the two independent molecules in Form 3 suggested to us the possibility of a previously unrecognized element of symmetry (inversion center or twofold axis); a careful check of relationships among the coordinates revealed that no such relationship exists.
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    • Anonymous
    • (1949) Anal. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 1016
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    • On the Structure of the Peptide Linkage. The Structures of Formamide and Acetamide at -165 degrees C and an ab initio Study of Formamide, Acetamide, and N-Methylformamide.
    • (1975) Acta Chemica Scandinavica , vol.29 , pp. 939
    • Ottersen, T.1
  • 128
    • 84989502825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The original graph set specifications [3] prescribed the degree of a D motif as “the number of atoms in the entire length of the hydrogen‐bonded set starting with the proton of the first hydrogen bond, proceeding along the shortest pathway, and ending with the acceptor atom in the last hydrogen bond of the set”. Following those instructions would lead to degree 12 for the binary pattern shown in Fig. 14c; that description would mislead, as it does not encompass all the hydrogen bonds that link the discrete cluster. The guideline should be amended so that the degree n includes counting through all hydrogen bonds, that is, including all donors and acceptors. The same conclusion was reached by J. C. MacDonald (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1993).
  • 141
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    • Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (UK), personal communication.
    • Rowland, R.S.1

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.