Internal metrics definition for operational forecast systems inter-comparison: Example in the north Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

Ocean Weather Forecasting: An Integrated View of Oceanography

Volumn , Issue , 2006, Pages 455-465

  Crosnier, Laurence ^a   Le Provost, Christian ^a  

^a MERCATOR OCÉAN   (France)

Author keywords

GODAE; inter comparison; internal metrics; Mediterranean Sea; MERSEA; North Atlantic

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748374870     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-4028-8_20     Document Type: Chapter

References (36)

1. Astraldi M., S. Balopoulos, J. Candela, J. Font, M. Gacic, G. P. Gasparini, B. Manca, A. Theocharis and J. Tintoré, 1999: The role of straits and channels in understanding the characteristics of Mediterranean circulation. Progress in Oceanography 44, 65-108.
2. Auer S. J., 1987: Five-year climatological survey of the Gulf Stream system and its associated rings. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 11709-11726.
3. Birol F., J.-M Brankart., F. Castruccio, P. Brasseur, and J. Verron, 2004: Impact of the Ocean Mean Dynamic Topography on Satellite Data Assimilation, Mar. Geodesy, 27, 59-78.
4. Böning C. W., R. Döscher, and H. J. Isemer, 1991: Monthly mean wind stress and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic: A comparison of Hellerman-Rosenstein and Isemer-Hasse climatologies. J. Phys. Oceanog., 21, 221-235.
5. Bryden H. L. and T. H. Kinder, 1991: Steady two-layer exchange through the Straits of Gibraltar. Deep Sea Res., 38, 445-463.
6. Castellari S., N. Pinardi, and K. Leaman, 2000: Simulation of water mass formation processes in the Mediterranean Sea: Influence of the time frequency of the atmospheric forcing, J. Geophys. Res. 105, 24157-24181.
7. Chassignet E. P. and P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, 2000: Ocean circulation model evaluation experiments for the North Atlantic Basin, Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 32, 155-431.
8. Colin de Verdière A., H. Mercier, and M. Arhan, 1989, Mesoscale variability from the western to the eastern Atlantic along 48°N, J. Phys. Oceanog, 19, 1149-1170.
9. Crosnier L. and C. Le Provost, 2004: Inter-comparing five forecast operational systems in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean basins: The MERSEA-strand1 Methodology, submitted to J. Mar. System.
10. Ducet N. and P. Y. Le Traon, 2001: A comparison of surface kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses in the Gulf Stream and the KuroShio current systems from merged T/P and ERS-1/2 altimetric data, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16603-16622.
11. Hall, M. M and H. L. Bryden, 1982: Direct estimates and mechanisms of ocean heat transport, Deep Sea Research, 29, 339-359.
12. Johns W. E., T. N. Lee, R. C. Beardsley, J. Candela, R. Limeburner, and B. Castro, 1998: Annual cycle and variability of the North Brazil Current, J. Phys. Oceanog., 28, 103-128.
13. Larsen J. C, 1992: Transport and heat flux of the Florida Current at 27°N derived from crossstream voltages and profiling data: theory and observations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A, 338, 169-236.
14. Lee T. N., W. Johns, R. Zantopp and E. Fillenbaum, 1996: Moored observations of western boundary current variability and thermohaline circulation at 26.5°N in the subtropical North Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanog., 26, 962-983.
15. Le Provost C., and M. Bremond, 2003: Resolution needed for an adequate determination of the mean ocean circulation from altimetry and an improved geoid, Space Science Reviews, 108, 163-178, 2003, In Earth Gravity Field from Space - From Sensors to Earth Sciences, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003, Netherland.
16. Levitus S., 1998: Word Ocean Atlas 1998 series (WOA98), CDROM set, Ocean Climate Laboratory, National Oceanographic Data Center.
17. Maltrub M. E., R. D. Smith, A. J. Semtner, R. C. Malone, 1998: Global eddy-resolving ocean simulations driven by 1985-1995 atmospheric winds, J. Geophys. Res., 103, C13, 30825-30853.
18. MEDAR/MEDATLAS Group, MEDAR/MEDATLAS 2002 database. Cruise inventory, observed and analysed data of temperature and bio-chemical parameters (4 CD-Roms), 2002.
19. Meincke J., C. Le Provost and J. Willebrand, 2001: Dynamics of the North Atlantic circulation: simulation and assimilation with high resolution models (DYNAMO), Prog. in Oceanog., 48, No 2-3, 121-335.
20. Paillet J. and H. Mercier, 1997: An inverse model of the eastern North Atlantic general circulation and thermohaline ventilation, Deep Sea Res., 44, 1293-1328.
21. Reynaud T., P. Legrand, H. Mercier and B. Barnier, 1998: A new analysis of hydrographic data in the Atlantic and its application to an inverse modeling study, International WOCE Newsletter, 32, 29-31.
22. Richardson AP. L., 1983: Eddy kinetic energy in the North Atlantic from surface drifters, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4355-4367.
23. Richardson AP. L., 1985: Average velocity and transport of the Gulf Stream near 55°W, J. Marine Res., 43, 83-111.
24. Rio M.-H. and F. Hernandez, 2005: A Mean Dynamic Topography computed over the world ocean from altimetry, in-situ measurements and a geoid model, J. Geophys. Res., submitted.
25. Roemmich D. and C. Wunsch, 1985: Two transatlantic sections: meridional circulation and heat flux in the subtropical North Atlantic. Deep Sea Research, 33, 619-664.
26. Schmitz W. J., 1984: Abyssal eddy kinetic energy in the North Atlantic. J. Mar. Res., 42, 509-536.
27. Schmitz W. J., 1996: On the World Ocean Circulation: Volume 1, some global features of the North Atlantic Circulation. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Technical Report WHOI-96-03, 141 p.
28. Schott F., J. Fischer and L. Stramma, 1998: Transports and pathways of the upper layer circulation in the western tropical Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanog, 28, 1904-1928.
29. Siedler G., Kuhl A., Zenk W., 1987: The Madeira Mode Water, J. Phys. Oceanog., 17, 1561-1570.
30. Smedstad O. M., H. E. Hurlburt, E. J. Metzger, R. C. Rhodes, J. F. Shriver, A. J. Wallcraft and A. B. Kara, 2003: An operational eddy resolving 1/16 degree global ocean nowcast/forecast system. J. Marine Systems, 40-41, 341-361.
31. Stramma L. and F. Schott, 1996: Western Equatorial circulation and interhemispheric exchange. In Krauss, The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean (Chapter 7) Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Bornträger.
32. Sy A., 1988: Investigation of large scale circulation patterns in the central North Atlantic: the North Atlantic Current, the Azores Current, and the Mediterranean Water Plume in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Deep Sea Res., 35, 383-413.
33. Tokmakian R., and J. L. McClean, 2003: How realistic is the high-frequency signal of a 0.1° resolution ocean model?, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C4), 3115, doi:10.1029/2002JC001446.
34. Townsend T. L., H. E. Hurlburt and P. J. Hogan, 2000: Modeled Sverdrup flow in the North Atlantic from 11 different wind stress climatologies, Dyn. Atmosph. Oceans, 32, 373-417.
35. Willebrand J., B. Barnier, C. Boning, C. Dieterich, P. D. Killworth, C. Le Provost, Y. Lia, J. M. Molines and A. L. New, 2001: Circulation characteristics in three eddy-permitting models of the North Atlantic, Progress in Oceanography, 48(2001), 123-161.
36. Worthington L. V., 1959: The 18°C water in the Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Research, 5, 297-305.