The politics of breastfeeding: Assessing risk, dividing labor

Signs

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 406-450

  Law, Jules ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748364323     PISSN: 00979740     EISSN: 15456943     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/495446     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics. 1997. "Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk." Policy Statement. Pediatrics 100(6):1035-39.
2. Balsamo, F., Gisella De Mari, Vanessa Maher, and Rosalba Serini. 1992. "Production and Pleasure: Research on Breast-Feeding in Turin," trans. Mary Salvatorelli. In Maher 1992a, 59-90.
3. Bauchner, H., John M. Leventhal, and Eugene D. Shapiro. 1986. "Studies of Breast-feeding and Infections: How Good Is the Evidence?" Journal of the American Medical Association 256(7):1887-92.
4. Baumslag, Naomi, and Dia L. Michels. 1995. Milk, Money, and Madness: The Culture and Politics of Breastfeeding. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey.
5. Bell, David M., Dennis W. Gleiver, Alice Atkins Mercer, Robi Phifer, Robert H. Guinter, A. Jay Cohen, Eugene U. Epstein, and Manoj Narayanan. 1989. "Illness Associated with Child Day Care: A Study of the Incidence and Cost." American Journal of Public Health 79(4):479-84.
6. Blum, Linda. 1993. "Mothers, Babies, and Breastfeeding in Late Capitalist America: The Shifting Contexts of Feminist Theory." Feminist Studies 19(2): 291-311.
7. Blum, Linda, with Elizabeth A. Vandewater. 1993. "'Mother to Mother': A Maternalist Organization in Late Capitalist America." Social Problems 40(3):285-300.
8. Bowlby, John. 1969. Attachment and Loss. New York: Basic.
9. Brazelton, T. Berry. 1976. "Early Parent-Infant Reciprocity." In The Family - Can It Be Saved? ed. Victor C. Vaughan and T. Berry Brazelton, 133-411. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers.
10. _. 1985. Working and Caring. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
11. _. 1995. Foreword to Klaus, Kennell, and Klaus 1995, xi-xv.
12. Byers, Tim, Saxon Graham, Thomas Rzepka, and James Marshall. 1985. "Lactation and Breast Cancer: Evidence for a Negative Association in Premenopausal Women." American Journal of Epidemiology 121(5):664-74.
13. Carpenter, R. G., Angela Gardner, M. Jepson, E. M. Taylor, A. Salvin, R. Sunderland, J. L. Emery, Edna Pursall, and June Roe. 1983. "Prevention of Unexpected Infant Death: Evaluation of the First Seven Years of the Sheffield Intervention Programme." Lancet 1:723-27.
14. Carter, Pam. 1995. Feminism, Breasts, and Breast-Feeding. New York: St. Martin's.
15. Chicago Tribune. 1997. "More Poor Are Deciding to Breastfeed." Chicago Tribune, November 7.
16. Cunningham, A. S., Derrick B. Jelliffe, and E. F. Patrice Jelliffe. 1991. "Breastfeeding and Health in the 1980s: A Global Epidemiological Review." Journal of Pediatrics 118(5):659-66.
17. Dalla Costa, Mariarosa. 1972. "Women and the Subversion of Community." In The Power of Women and the Subversion of Community, by Mariarosa Della Costa and Selma James, 19-54. Bristol: Falling Wall Press.
18. Delphy, Christine. 1984. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women's Oppression. Trans. and ed. Diana Leonard. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
19. Duncan, Burris, John Ey, Catharine J. Holberg, Anne L. Wright, Fernando D. Martinez, and Lynn M. Taussig. 1993. "Exclusive Breast-Feeding for at Least 4 Months Protects against Otitis Media." Pediatrics 91(5):867-72.
20. Eyer, Diane. 1992. Mother-Infant Bonding: A Scientific Fiction. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
21. Fildes, Valerie A. 1986. Breasts, Bottles, and Babies: A History of Infant Feeding. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
22. _. 1988. Wet Nursing: A History from Antiquity to the Present. Oxford: Blackwell.
23. Ford, R. P., et al. 1993. "Breastfeeding and the Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." International Journal of Epidemiology 22(5):885-90.
24. Gilbert, R. E., R. E. Wigfield, P. J. Fleming, P. J. Berry, and P. T. Rudd. 1995. "Bottle Feeding and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome." British Medical Journal 310(6972):88-90.
25. Gjerdingen, Dwenda K., D. G. Froberg, K. M. Chaloner, and P. M. McGovern. 1993. "Changes in Women's Physical Health during the First Postpartum Year." Archives of Family Medicine 2(3):277-83.
26. Golden, Janet. 1996. A Social History of Wet Nursing in America: From Breast to Bottle. New York: Cambridge University Press.
27. Grossman, Lindsey K., Sharon M. Fitzsimmons, Janet B. Larsen-Alexander, Larry Sachs, and Christina Harter. 1990. "The Infant Feeding Decision in Low and Upper Income Women." Clinical Pediatrics 29(1):30-37.
28. Hartmann, Heidi. 1981. "The Family as the Locus of Gender, Class, and Political Struggle: The Example of Housework." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 6(3):366-94.
29. Hayslip, C. C., T. A. Klein, H. L. Wray, and W. E. Duncan. 1989. "The Effects of Lactation on Bone Mineral Content in Healthy Pospartum Women." Obstetrics and Gynecology 73(4):588-92.
30. Heinig, M. Jane, and Kathryn G. Dewey. 1996. "Health Advantages of Breast Feeding for Infants: A Critical Review." Nutrition Reseach Reviews 9:89-110.
31. Hendershot, Gerry. 1984. "Domestic Review: Trends in Breastfeeding." In "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant-Feeding Practices and Infant Health" 1984.
32. Hirose, K., K. Tajima, N. Hamajima, M. Inoue, T. Takezaki, T. Kuroishi, M. Yoshida, and S. Tokudome. 1995. A Large-Scale Hospital-Based Case-Control Study of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer according to Menopausal Status." Japanese Journal of Cancer Reseach 86(2):146-54.
33. Hull, Valerie, and Mayling Simpson, eds. 1985a. Breastfeeding, Child Health, and Child Spacing: Cross-Cultural Perspectives. London: Croom Helm.
34. _. 1985b. "Breastfeeding, Child Health, and Child Spacing: An Overview." In Hull and Simpson 1985a, 1-10.
35. Jelliffe, Derrick B., and E. F. Patrice Jelliffe. 1978. Human Milk in the Modern World: Psychosocial, Nutritional, and Economic Significance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
36. Kagan, Jerome. 1976. "The Role of the Family in the First Half Decade." In The Family - Can It Be Saved? ed. Victor C. Vaughan and T. Berry Brazelton, 161-71. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers.
37. _. 1978. The Growth of the Child: Reflections on Human Development. New York: Norton.
38. _. 1996. "Three Pleasing Ideas." American Psychologist 51(9):901-8.
39. Kalkwarf, Heidi J., and Bonny L. Specker. 1995. "Bone Mineral Loss during Lactation and Recovery after Weaning." Obstetrics and Gynecology 86(1):26-32.
40. Kalkwarf, Heidi J., and Bonny L. Specker, James E. Heubi, Nancy E. Vieira, and Alfred L. Yergey. 1996. "Intestinal Calcium Absorption of Women during Lactation and after Weaning." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63(4):526-31.
41. Kaufman, C. 1973. "Mother-Infant Separation in Monkeys." In Separation and Depression: Clinical and Research Aspects, ed. J. P. Scott and E. C. Senay. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
42. Kitzinger, Sheila. (1979) 1987. The Experience of Breastfeeding. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
43. _. 1983. Woman's Experience of Sex: The Facts and Feelings of Female Sexuality at Every Stage of Life. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
44. Klaus, Marshall, and John Kennell. 1976. Maternal-Infant Bonding: The Impact of Early Separation or Loss on Family Development. St. Louis: Mosby.
45. Klaus, Marshall, John Kennell, and Phyllis H. Klaus. 1995. Bonding: Building the Foundations of Secure Attachment and Independence. Foreword by T. Berry Brazelton. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
46. Knauer, Melissa. 1985. "Breastfeeding and the Return of Menstruation in Urban Canadian Mothers Practising 'Natural Mothering.'" In Hull and Simpson 1985a, 187-211.
47. La Leche League. 1996, 1997. "Facts about Breastfeeding." Schaumburg, Ill.: La Leche League International.
48. Leventhal, John M., Eugene D. Shapiro, Cynthia B. Aten, Anne T. Berg, and Susan A. Egerter. 1986. "Does Breast-Feeding Protect against Infections in Infants Less Than 3 Months of Age?" Pediatrics 78(5):896-903.
49. Maher, Vanessa, ed. 1992a. The Anthropology of Breast-Feeding: Natural Law or Social Construct. Oxford: Berg.
50. _. 1992b. "Breast-Feeding in Cross-Cultural Perspective: Paradoxes and Proposals." In Maher 1992a, 1-36.
51. _. 1992c. "Breast-Feeding and Maternal Depletion: Natural Law or Cultural Arrangements?" In Maher 1992a, 151-80.
52. Mahony, Rhona. 1995. Kidding Ourselves: Breadwinning, Babies, and Bargaining Power. New York: Basic.
53. Manderson, Lenore. 1985. "To Nurse and to Nurture: Breastfeeding in Australian Society." In Hull and Simpson 1985a, 162-86.
54. Martin, Emily. 1987. The Woman in the Body: A Cultural Analysis of Reproduction. Boston: Beacon.
55. McCaffery, Edward J. 1997. Taxing Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
56. Mead, Margaret. 1979. "Family Contexts of Breastfeeding." In Breastfeeding and Food Policy in a Hungry World, ed. Dana Raphael, 3-23. New York: Academic.
57. Michels, Karin B., Walter C. Willett, Bernard A. Rosner, JoAnn E. Manson, David J. Hunter, Graham A. Colditz, Susan E. Hankinson, and Frank E. Speizer. 1996. "Prospective Assessment of Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer Incidence among 89,887 Women." Lancet 347 (February 17): 431-36.
58. Nelson, Lin. 1989. "Women's Lives against the Industrial/Chemical Landscape: Environmental Health and the Health of the Environment." In Healing Technology: Feminist Perspectives, ed. Kathryn Strother Ratcliff, 347-69. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
59. Nolan, Liana, and Vivek Goel. 1995. "Sociodemographic Factors Related to Breastfeeding in Ontario: Results from the Ontario Health Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health 86(5):309-12.
60. Okin, Susan Moller. 1989. Justice, Gender, and the Family. New York: Basic.
61. Palmer, Gabrielle. 1988. The Politics of Breastfeeding. London: Pandora.
62. Prentice, Ann, Landing M. A. Jarjou, Tim J. Cole, Dorothy M. Stirling, Bakary Dibba, and Susan Fairweather-Tait. 1995. "Calcium Requirements of Lactating Gambian Mothers: Effects of a Calcium Supplement on Breast-Milk Calcium Concentration, Maternal Bone Mineral Content, and Urinary Calcium Excretion." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62(1):58-67.
63. Renfrew, Mary, Chloe Fisher, and Suzanne Arms. 1990. Bestfeeding: Getting Breastfeeding Right for You: An Illustrated Guide. Berkeley, Calif.: Celestial Arts.
64. "Report of the Task Force on the Assessment of the Scientific Evidence Relating to Infant-Feeding Practices and Infant Health." 1984. Pediatrics 74(4, pt. 2): 579-762.
65. Riordan, Jan, and Kathleen G. Auerbach. 1993. Breastfeeding and Human Lactation. Boston: Jones & Bartlett.
66. Rogan, Walter J. 1989. "Cancer from PCBs in Breast Milk? A Risk Benefit Analysis." Pediatric Research 25(4.2):105A, abstract 612.
67. Rogan, Walter J., Patricia J. Blanton, Christopher J. Portier, and Eric Stallard. 1991. "Should the Presence of Carcinogens in Breast Milk Discourage Breast Feeding?" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 13(3):228-40.
68. Rogan, Walter J., and Beth Gladen. 1985. "Study of Human Lactation for Effects of Environmental Contaminants: The North Carolina Breast Milk and Formula Project and Some Other Ideas." Environmental Health Perspectives 60 (May): 215-21.
69. Rosero-Bixby, L., Mark W. Oberle, and Nancy C. Lee. 1987. "Reproductive History and Breast Cancer in a Population of High Fertility, Costa Rica, 1984-85." International Journal of Cancer 40(6):747-54.
70. Ryan, A. S., and G. A. Martinez. 1989. "Breast-Feeding and the Working Mother: A Profile." Pediatrics 83(4):524-31.
71. Ryan, A. S., D. Rush, F. W. Krieger, and G. E. Lewandowski. 1991. "Recent Declines in Breast-Feeding in the United States, 1985 through 1989." Pediatrics 88(4):719-27.
72. Sluckin, Wladyslaw, Martin Herbert, and Alice Sluckin. 1983. Maternal Bonding. Oxford: Blackwell.
73. Somogyi, Arpad, and Hans Beck. 1993. "Nurturing and Breast-feeding: Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk." Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements 101(suppl. 2):45-52.
74. Sowers, MaryFran, Genie Corton, Brahm Shapiro, Mary L. Jannausch, Mary Crutchfield, Mindy L. Smith, John F. Randolph, and Bruce Hollis. 1993. "Changes in Bone Density with Lactation." Journal of the American Medical Association 269(24):3130-35.
75. Sowers, MaryFran, John Randolph, Brahm Shapiro, and Mary Jannausch. 1995. "A Prospective Study of Bone Density and Pregnancy after an Extended Period of Lactation with Bone Loss." Obstetrics and Gynecology 85(2):285-89.
76. Sussman, George D. 1982. Selling Mother's Milk: The Wet-Nursing Business in France, 1715-1914. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
77. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 1973. Summary of Nonmedical Statistics, United States, 1973. Vital and Health Statistics, series 13, no. 23. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
78. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1995. National Hospital Discharge Survey: Annual Summary, 1993. Vital and Health Statistics, series 13: Data from the National Health Survey Series, no. 121. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
79. Van Esterik, Penny. 1989. Beyond the Breast-Bottle Controversy. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
80. Veraldi, Gabriel. 1988. "The Charges." In Infant Feeding: Anatomy of a Controversy, 1973-1984, ed. John Dobbing, 1-8. New York: Springer-Verlag.
81. Wald, Ellen, Barry Dashefsky, Carol Byers, Nancy Guerra, and Floyd Taylor. 1988. "Frequency and Severity of Infection in Day Care." Journal of Pediatrics 112(4):545.
82. Walker, M. 1993. "A Fresh Look at the Risks of Artificial Feeding." Journal of Human Lactation 9(2):97-107.
83. Wardlaw, Gordon M., and Anne M. Pike. 1986. "The Effect of Lactation on Peak Adult Shaft and Ultra-distal Forearm Bone Mass in Women." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 44(2):283-86.
84. Yang, C. Paul, Noel S. Weiss, Pierre R. Band, Richard P. Gallagher, Emily White, and Janet R. Daling. 1993. "History of Lactation and Breast Cancer Risk." American Journal of Epidemiology 138(12):1050-56.