Prevention and treatment of travel-related infections in compromised hosts

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 450-455

  McCarthy, Anne E ^a   Mileno, Maria D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA   (Canada)

^b MIRIAM HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Asplenic; HIV; Immunocompromised hosts; Prevention; Transplant; Travel

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ATOVAQUONE PLUS PROGUANIL; AZITHROMYCIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CORTICOSTEROID; DOXYCYCLINE; ETANERCEPT; FLUCONAZOLE; INFLIXIMAB; INFLUENZA VACCINE; ITRACONAZOLE; LIVE VACCINE; MEFLOQUINE; NELFINAVIR; NITAZOXANIDE; OSELTAMIVIR; PREDNISONE; QUINIDINE; QUININE; QUINOLONE; RIFAMIXIN; RIFAMYCIN DERIVATIVE; RITONAVIR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA INHIBITOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ASPLENIA; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER PATIENT; EMPORIATRICS; HEALTH HAZARD; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE DEFICIENCY; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; REVIEW; SPLENECTOMY; TOURISM; TRAVELLER DIARRHEA; TUBERCULIN TEST;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DIARRHEA; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOLOGIC DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES; NEOPLASMS; ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION; TRAVEL;

EID: 33748348832     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.qco.0000244050.15888.6f     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Suh KN, Mileno MD. Challenging scenarios in a travel clinic: advising the complex traveler. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2005; 19:15-47. This excellent overview of many challenges involved in guiding pretravel care for the complex traveler uses a case-based method to illustrate the clinical issues.
2. McCarthy AE. Travelers with preexisting disease. In: Keystone J, editor. Travel Medicine. Toronto: Elsevier Health Science; 2004. pp. 241-248.
3. Castelli F, Pizzocolo C. The traveler with HIV. In: Keystone J, editor. Travel Medicine. Toronto: Elsevier Health Science; 2004. pp. 257-266.
4. Mileno MD. Preparation of immunocompromised travelers. In: Keystone J, editor. Travel Medicine. Toronto: Elsevier Health Science; 2004. pp. 257-266.
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advising travelers with specific needs. In: Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2005. pp. 474-484.
6. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens and Practice. 2nd Edition Philadelphia PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2005. This outstanding comprehensive text covers the diagnosis and treatment of tropical pathogens. It should be on the bookshelf of every infectious disease physician who cares for returned travelers with illness.
7. Walker M, Zunt JR. Parasitic central nervous system infections in immunocompromised hosts. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:1005-1015.
8. •] categorize parasitic CNS processes with the type of immune compromise such as transplant or decreased CD4 cell count level associated with infection. It successfully narrows down the list of diagnostic possibilities while elaborating and focusing on the important possible pathogens with use of well-organized tables. The clinical features and therapies appropriate for these selected CNS infections are discussed in depth.
9. Smego RA. Travel and the immune compromised host: risks and recommendations. Clinics in Family Practice 2005; 7(4).
10. UNAIDS/IOM Statement on HIV/AIDS-Related Travel Restrictions. www.aidsnet.ch/linkto/immigration.
11. United States State Department. AIDSNET: www.travel.state.gov/travel/ tips/brochures/brochures_1229.html [Accessed 13 July 2006]. The US State Department website contains unofficial information on HIV testing requirements for entry into foreign countries. See also: www.travel.state.gov/law/ HIVtestingreqs.html. All HIV-infected travelers should refer to these websites in preparation for overseas travel.
12. Marrazzo JM. Sexual Tourism: Implications for Travelers and the Destination Culture. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2005; 19:103-120.
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Immunocompromised Traveler. In: Health Information for International Travel 2005-2006. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 2005. pp. 474-484.
14. Postel N, Wolf E, Buchberger A, et al. Anti-HBV vaccination in HIV infection: successful only with CD4 count >500/μl combined with a viral load below 1000 cps/mL. Presented at the 1st International Workshop on HIV and Hepatitis C Infection; 2-4 December 2004; Amsterdam, Abstract C125.
15. Laurence JC. Hepatitis A and B immunizations of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med 2005; 118 (10A):75S-83S.
16. Laurence J. Hepatitis A and B virus immunization in HIV-infected persons. AIDS Reader 2006; 16:15-17.
17. Malaspina A, Moir S, Orsega SM, et al. Compromised B-cell responses to influenza vaccination in HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:1442-1450. This comprehensive analysis of influenza-specific antibody responses to influenza vaccine looked at a wide range of disease stages of HIV. Decreases in CD4 cells correlates with weak influenza-specific antibody responses in this study. Methods used here can be applied to studies testing responses to live influenza vaccine.
18. Kamya MR, Gasasira AF, Yeka A, et al. Effect of HIV-1 infection on antimalarial treatment outcomes in Uganda: a population-based study. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1-3. This article reviews HIV-1 seroprevalence and highlights the ways in which HIV may increase the burden of malaria. The large numbers in this retrospective study illustrated that HIV-infected persons had increased susceptibility to new malarial infections. HIV testing for adults diagnosed with P. falciparum in endemic regions is indicated.
19. Kublin JG, Steketee RW. HIV infection and malaria - understanding the interactions. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:1-3.
20. Laufer MK, van Oosterhout JJ, Thesing PC, et al. HIV-associated immunosuppression on malaria infection and disease in Malawi. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:872-878.
21. Brentlinger PE, Behrens CB, Micek MA. Challenges in the concurrent management of malaria and HIV in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6:100-111. Though not new information, this recent review of HIV and malaria in pregnancy is an excellent report on risks, a resource valuable for our obstetrics and gynecology colleagues.
22. Posada-Vergara MP, Lindoso JAL, Tolezano JE, et al. Tegumentary leishmaniasis as a manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in two patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis 2005; 192:1819-1822.
23. Hsu RB, Lin FY. Risk factors for bacteraemia and endovascular infection due to nontyphoid salmonella: a reappraisal. Q J Med 2005; 98:821-827.
24. Sheih K, Mileno MD. Intestinal parasites. In: Conn's Current Therapy (59th edition). Houston TX: Saunders Company (in press)
25. Adachi JA, DuPont HL. Rifaximin: a novel nonabsorbed rifamycin for gastrointestinal disorders. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42:541-547.
26. Carey J, Hofflich H, Amre R, et al. Penicillium marneffei infection in an immunocompromised traveler: a case report and literature review. J Travel Med 2005; 12:291-294.
27. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor α-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:1098-1104.
28. Mufti AH, Baldwin WT, McKendry RRJ, Angel JB. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 2005; 53:233-238. This paper offers a detailed review of the mechanisms by which TNF inhibitors may alter the immune system and lead to increased infection complications.
29. Filler SG, Yeaman MR, Sheppard DC. Tumor necrosis factor inhibition and invasive fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 41 (Suppl 3):S187-S217.
30. Gallus AS. Travel, venous thromboembolism and thrombophilia. Semin Thromb Hemost 2005; 31:90-96.
31. Boggild AK, Sano M, Humar A, et al. Travel patterns and risk behavior in solid organ transplant recipients. J Travel Med 2004; 11:37-43.
32. Kofidis T, Pethig K, Ruther G, et al. Traveling after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2002; 16:280-284.
33. Bass D. Kidneys for cash and egg safaris - can we allow 'transplant tourism' to flourish in South Africa? Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde [South African Medical Journal] 2005; 95:42-44.
34. Kennedy SE, Shen Y, Charlesworth JA, et al. Outcome of overseas commercial kidney transplantation: an Australian perspective. Med J Aust 2005; 182:224-227.
35. Kotton CN, Ryan ET, Fishman JA. Prevention of infection in adult travelers after solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2005; 5:8-14. These guidelines for preventing infections after transplantation are comprehensive and current.
36. Garces Ambrossi G, Jakubowski A, Feinstein MB, Weinstock DM. Active tuberculosis limited to foreign-born patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:741-743.
37. Shankar VK, Zilvetti M, Handa A, et al. Chronic diarrhea and weight loss due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in a renal transplant recipient. Transplantation 2004; 78:487; Case Report.
38. Chan YH, Wong KM, Lee KC, et al. Pneumonia and mesenteric lymphadenopathy caused by disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in a cadaveric renal transplant recipient. Transplant Infect Dis 2004; 6:28-32.
39. Watson DAR. Pretravel health advice for asplenic individuals. J Travel Med 2003; 10:117-121.
40. Newland A, Proven D, Myint S. Preventing severe infection after splenectomy. Br Med J 2005; 331:417-418.
41. Hasse B, Moll C, Oehy K, et al. Antiinfectious prophylaxis after splenectomy: current practice in an eastern region of Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly 2005; 135:291-296.
42. Peithory JC, Khelil A, Galeazzi G, Ardoin F. Malaria in splenectomized patients. Three fatal cases [in French]. Presse Medicale 2005; 34:519-521.
43. Bidegain F, Berry A, Alvarez M, et al. Acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria following splenectomy for suspected lymphoma in two patients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:e97-e100.