Comparing work behaviors across cultures: A cross-level approach using multilevel modeling

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 167-182

  Huang, Xu ^a   Van De Vliert, Evert ^b  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cross culture; Cross level research; Multilevel analysis; Research methods; Work attitudes

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748342252     PISSN: 14705958     EISSN: 17412838     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/14705958030032002     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Adigun, I.O. and Stephenson, G.M. (1992) 'Sources of Job Motivation and Satisfaction among British and Nigerian Employees', Journal of Social Psychology 132(3): 369-76
2. Brown, J.D. and Mankowski, T.A. (1993) 'Self-esteem, Mood, and Self-evaluation: Changes in Mood and the Way You See You', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64: 421-30
3. Bryk, A.S. and Raudenbush, S.W. (1992) Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
4. Bryk, A.S., Raudenbush, S.W. and Congdon, R.T. Jr (1994) Hierarchical Linear Modeling with the HLM/2L and HLM/3L Programs. Chicago: Scientific Software International
5. Campbell, A. (1981) The Sense of Well-being in America: Recent Patterns and Trends. New York: McGraw-Hill
6. Chiu, L.H. (1993) 'Self-esteem in American and Chinese (Taiwanese) Children', Current Psychology: Research and Reviews 11: 309-13
7. Cray, D. and Mallory, G. (1998) Making Sense of Managing Culture. London & New York: International Thomson Business Press
8. Deci, E.J. and Ryan, R.M. (1985) Intrinsic Motivation and Self-determination in Human Behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
9. Diener, E. and Diener, M. (1995) 'Cross-cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-esteem', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68(4): 653-63
10. Diener, E., Diener, M. and Diener, C. (1995) 'Factors Predicting the Subjective Well-being of Nations', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69(5): 851-64
11. Drenth, P.J.D. and Groenendijk, B. (1998) 'Organizational Psychology in a Cross-cultural Perspective', in Drenth et al. Handbook of Work and Organizational Psychology, pp. 133-60. Hove: Psychology Press
12. Earley, P.C. (1989) 'Social Loafing and Collectivism: A Comparison of the United States and the People's Republic of China', Administrative Science Quarterly 34: 565-81
13. Earley, P.C. (1993) 'East Meets West Meets Mideast: Futher Explorations of Collectivistic and Individualistic Work Groups', Academy of Management Journal 36: 319-48
14. Earley, P.C. (1994) 'Self or Group? Cultural Effects of Training on Self-efficacy and Performance', Administrative Science Quarterly 39: 89-117
15. Earley, P.C. and Mosakowski, E. (1996) 'Experimental International Management Research', in B.J. Punnett and O. Shenkar (eds) Handbook for International Management Research, pp. 83-114. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell
16. Earley, P.C. and Stubblebine, P. (1989) 'Intercultural Assessment of Performance Feedback', Group and Organization Studies 14(2): 161-81
17. Erez, M. (1994) 'Toward a Model of Cross-cultural Industrial and Organizational Psychology, in M.D. Dunnette and L.M. Hough (eds) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 559-607. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press
18. Eylon, D. and Au, K.Y. (1999) 'Exploring Empowerment: Cross-cultural Differences along the Power Distance Dimension', International Journal of Intercultural Relations 23: 373-85
19. Goldstein, H., Rasbash, J., Plewis, I., Draper, D., Browne, W., Yang, M., Woodhouse, G. and Healy, M. (1998) A User's Guide to MlwiN. London: University of London Press
20. Greenberg, J., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T., Rosenblatt, A., Burling, J., Lyon, D., Simon, L. and Pinel, E. (1992) 'Why Do People Need Self-esteem? Converging Evidence that Self-esteem Serves an Anxiety-buffering Function', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63: 913-22
21. Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F. and Miller, J.Y. (1992) 'Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Implications for Substance Abuse Programs', Psychological Bulletin 112: 64-105
22. Hofstede, G.H. (1980) Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
23. Hofstede, G.H. (1984) Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-related Values, abridged edn. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage
24. Hofstede, G.H. (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. London: McGraw-Hill
25. House, R., Rousseau, D.M. and Thomas-Hunt, M. (1995) 'The MESO Paradigm: A Framework for the Integration of Micro and Macro Organizational Behavior', Research in Organizational Behavior 17: 71-114
26. Huang, X. and Van de Vliert, E. (in press a) Job Level and National Culture as Joint Roots of Job Satisfaction', Applied Psychology: An International Review
27. Huang, X. and Van de Vliert, E. (in press b) 'Where Intrinsic Job Satisfaction Fails to Work: National Moderators of Intrinsic Motivation', Journal of Organizational Behavior
28. Inglehart, R. (1997) Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic and Political Change in 43 societies. New Jersey: Princeton University Press
29. Kreft, I. and De Leeuw, J. (1998) Introducing Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage
30. Locke, E.A. (1976) 'The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction', in M.D. Dunnette (ed.) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 1297-349. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publications
31. Lucas, R., Diener, E. and Suh, E. (1996) 'Discriminant Validity of Subjective Well-being Measures', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 26: 554-71
32. Lytle, A.L., Brett, J.M., Barsness, Z.I., Tinsley, C.H. and Janssens, M. (1995) 'A Paradigm for Confirmatory Cross-cultural Research in Organizational Behavior', Research in Organizational Behavior 17: 167-214
33. Maslow, A.H. (1954) Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper & Row
34. Oishi, S. (2000) 'Goals as Cornerstones of Subjective Well-being: Linking Individuals and Cultures', in E.F. Diener and E.M. Suh (eds) Culture and Subjective Well-being, pp. 87-112. London: MIT Press
35. Oishi, S., Diener, E.F., Lucas, R.E. and Suh, E.M. (1999) 'Cross-cultural Variations in Predictors of Life Satisfaction: Perspectives from Needs and Values', Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25(8): 980-90
36. Page, R.C. and Cheng, H. (1992) 'A Preliminary Investigation of Chinese and American Perceptions of the Self, Psychologia 35: 12-20
37. Parker, M. Philip (1997) National Cultures of the World: A Statistical Reference. Westport, CT & London: Greenwood Press
38. Pearson, C.A.L. and Chong, J. (1997) 'Contributions of Job Content and Social Information on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction: An Exploration in a Malaysian Nursing Context', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 70: 357-74
39. Robert, C., Probst, T.M., Martocchio, J.J., Drasgow, F. and Lawler, J.J. (2000) 'Empowerment and Continuous Improvements in the United States, Mexico, Poland, and India: Predicting Fit on the Basis of the Dimensions of Power Distance and Individualism', Journal of Applied Psychology 85: 643-58
40. Robinson, W.S. (1950) 'Ecological Correlations and Behavior of Individuals', American Sociological Renew 15: 351-7
41. Rousseau, D.M. (1985) 'Issues of Level in Organizational Research: Multi-level and Cross-level Perspectives', Research in Organizational Behavior 7: 1-37
42. Ryan, R.M., Sheldon, K.M., Kasser, T. and Deci, E.L. (1996) 'All Goals Are Not Created Equal', in P.M. Gollwitzer and J.A. Bargh (eds) The Psychology of Action: Linking Cognition and Motivation to Behavior, pp. 7-26. New York: Guilford Press
43. Snijders, T.A.B. and Bosker, R.J. (1999) Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage
44. Stigler, J.W., Smith, S. and Mao, L. (1985) 'The Self-perception of Competence by Chinese Children', Child Development 56: 1259-70
45. Suh, E.M. (2000) 'Self, the Hyphen between Culture and Subjective Well-being', in E.F. Diener and E.M. Suh (eds) Culture and Subjective Well-being, pp. 63-86. London: MIT Press
46. Triandis, H.C. (1994) 'Cross-cultural Industrial and Organizational Psychology', in M.D. Dunnette and L.M. Hough (eds) Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, pp. 104-72. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press
47. Van de Vijver, F.J.R. and Poortinga, Y.H. (2002) 'Structural Equivalence in Multilevel Research', Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 33: 141-56
48. Wagner, J.A. III (1995) 'Studies of Individualism-Collectivism: Effects on Cooperation in Groups', Academy of Management Journal 38: 152-72