The evidence base behind modern fasting guidelines

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Anaesthesiology

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 457-469

  Stuart, Pauline C ^a  

^a GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

drinking; fasting; gastro oesophageal reflux; general anaesthesia; intraoperative complications; randomised controlled trials

Indexed keywords

WATER;

BEVERAGE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COCHRANE LIBRARY; COFFEE; DIET RESTRICTION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FLUID INTAKE; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; META ANALYSIS; MORBIDITY; PEROPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SAMPLE SIZE; STOMACH PH; STOMACH VOLUME; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT DURATION; WELLBEING;

CLINICAL TRIALS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FASTING; HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS; META-ANALYSIS AS TOPIC; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PREOPERATIVE CARE;

EID: 33748253904     PISSN: 15216896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2006.03.001     Document Type: Review

References (39)

1. Roberts R.B., and Shirley M.A. Reducing the risk of aspiration during caesarean section. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 53 6 (1974) 859-868
2. Raidoo D.M., Rocke D.A., Brock-Utne J.G., et al. Critical volume for pulmonary acid aspiration: reappraisal in a primate model. British Journal of Anaesthesia 65 (1990) 248-250
3. James F., Modell J.H., Gibbs C.P., et al. Pulmonary aspiration - effects of volume and pH in the rat. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 63 (1984) 665-668
4. Maclean A.R., and Renwick C. Audit of pre-operative starvation. Anaesthesia 48 (1993) 164-166
5. Pearse R., and Rajakulendran Y. Pre-operative fasting and administration of regular medications in adult patients presenting for elective surgery. Has the new evidence changed practice?. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 16 8 (1999) 565-568
6. Crenshaw J.T., and Winslow E.H. Preoperative fasting-old habits die hard. The American Journal of Nursing 102 5 (2002) 36-44
7. Murphy G.S., Ault M.L., Wong H.Y., and Szokol J.W. The effect of a new NPO policy on operating room utilisation. Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 12 1 (2000) 48-51
8. Pandit S.K., Loberg K.W., and Pandit U.A. Toast and tea before elective surgery? A national survey on current practice. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 90 6 (2000) 1348-1351
9. American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA). ASA Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacological agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: a report by the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Anaesthesiology 90 3 (1999) 896-905
10. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI). The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Pre-operative Assessment; The Role of the Anaesthetist. Nov 2001.
11. Canadian Anaesthetists' Society (CAS). The Pre- Anaesthetic Period: guidelines to the Practice of Anaesthesia; 2005.
12. Norwegian National Consensus Guidelines (NNCG). Pre-operative fasting guidelines: an update. Reported in Søreide E, Eriksson LI, Hirlaker G et al. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandanavia 49 8 (2005) 1041-1047
13. Royal College of Nursing (RCN). Perioperative Fasting in Adults and Children; An RCN Guideline for the Multidisciplinary Team. Nov 2005.
14. NCEPOD. National Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Deaths (2004). [www.ncepod.org.uk]
15. SASM. Annual Report Scottish Audit of Surgical Mortality (2004). [www.show.scot.nhs.uk/sasm]
16. Hausel J., Nygren J., Lagerkranser M., et al. A carbohydrate rich drink reduces preoperative discomfort in elective surgery patients. Anaesthesia and Analgesia 93 (2001) 1344-1350
17. Brady M., Kinn S., and Stuart P. Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003 4 (2003) Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons
18. CRD Report Number 4. NHS Centre for Reviews, Dissemiation. Report Number 4. Undertaking Systematic Reviews of Effectiveness. CRD's Guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. 2nd edn. 2001 March.
19. O'Rourke K. Mixed means and medians: a unified approach for dealing with disparate outcome summaries. Fourth Symposium on Systematic Reviews: Pushing the Boundaries (2002), Poster presentation, Oxford. [http://www.ihs.ox.ac.uk/csm/pushingtheboundaries/poster/11_oruk.html]
20. Maltby J.R., Koehil N., Ewan A., and Schaffer E.A. Preoperative oral fluids: is NPO after midnight justified. Anaesthesiology 3A (1986) A244
21. Sutherland A.D., Maltby J.R., Sale J.P., and Reid Crawford R.G. The effect of preoperative oral fluid and ranitidine on gastric fluid volume and pH. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 34 2 (1987) 117-121
22. Hutchinson A., Maltby J.R., and Reid C.R. Gastric fluid volume and pH in elective patients. Part I: coffee or orange juice versus overnight fast. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 35 1 (1988) 12-15
23. Agarwal A., Chari P., and Singh P. Fluid deprivation before operation. The effect of a small drink. Anaesthesia 44 8 (1989) 632-634
24. Phillips S., Hutchinson S., and Davidson T. Preoperative drinking does not affect gastric contents. British Journal of Anaesthesia 70 1 (1993) 6-9
25. Søreide E., Holst Larsen H., Reite K., et al. The effects of giving 25-450 ml of water with diazepam premedication 1-2 hours before general anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 71 (1993) 503-506
26. Yatsu Y., Yoshida H., Arai I., et al. The volume and pH of gastric fluid in elective surgical patients after preoperative oral fluid intake. Masui-Japanese Journal of Anaesthsiology 45 2 (1996) 1-4
27. Maltby J.R., Pytka S., Watson N.C., et al. Drinking 300 ml of clear fluid two hours before surgery has no effect on gastric fluid volume and pH in fasting and non-fasting obese patients. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 51 2 (2004) 111-115
28. Samaan A., Jani K., Patel R., and Francis R.N. Effect of preoperative water, famotidine or ranitidine on gastric volume and pH. British Journal of Anaesthesia 63 2 (1989) 238P
29. Miller M., Wishart H.Y., and Nimmo W.S. Gastric contents at induction of anaesthesia. Is a 4-hour fast necessary?. British Journal of Anaesthesia 55 12 (1983) 1185-1188
30. McGrady E., and MacDonald A.G. Effect of preoperative administration of water on gastric volume and pH. British Journal of Anaesthesia 60 (1988) 803-805
31. Read M.S., and Vaughan R.S. Allowing preoperative patients to drink: effects on patients' safety and comfort of unlimited oral water until 2 hours before anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandanavia 35 (1991) 591-595
32. Splinter W.M., and Schaefer J.D. Ingestion of clear fluids is safe for adolescents up to 3 h before anaesthesia. British Journal of Anaesthesia 66 1 (1991) 48-52
33. Vincent R.D., McNeil T.J., Spaid C., et al. Does 360 ml of apple juice ingested before elective surgery worsen gastric volume and acidity in patients given acid aspiration prophylaxis?. Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 3 (1991) 285-289
34. Tanabe T., Hashimoto Y., Sugihara K., and Miyata A. The effect of preoperative oral fluid intake on the volume and pH of gastric contents in elective surgical patients- a comparison of tea with apple juice. Masui-Japanese Journal of Anaesthesiology 45 8 (1996) 967-970
35. Tanabe T., Ebina M., Ishihara H., et al. Preanaesthetic meals in elective surgical patients. Masui-Japanese Journal of Anaesthesiology 46 6 (1997) 788-792
36. Goodwin A.P., Rowe W.L., Ogg T.W., and Samaan A. Oral fluids prior to day surgery. The effect of shortening the pre-operative fluid fast on postoperative morbidity. Anaesthesia 46 12 (1991) 1066-1068
37. Gilbert S.S., Easy W.R., and Fitch W.W. The effect of preoperative oral fluids on morbidity following anaesthesia for minor surgery. Anaesthesia 50 1 (1995) 79-81
38. Lam K.K., So K.Y., and Gin T. Gastric pH and volume after oral fluids in the post partum patient. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 40 3 (1993) 218-221
39. Somwanshi W.M., Tripathi A., Singh B., and Bajaj B. Effect of preoperative oral fluids on gastric volume and pH in postpartum patients. Middle East Journal of Anaesthesiology 13 2 (1995) 197-203