메뉴 건너뛰기
Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English
Volumn 34, Issue 21, 1995, Pages 2328-2361
Supramolecular Inorganic Chemistry: Small Guests in Small and Large Hosts
Author keywords

clathrates; clusters; layer compounds; polyoxometalates; supramolecular chemistry
Indexed keywords

EID: 33748225938     PISSN: 05700833     EISSN: 15213773     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/anie.199523281     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (526)
References (292)
  • 15
    • 0001367546 scopus 로고
    • Supramolekulare Synthone für das Kristall-Engineering - eine neue organische Synthese
    • Cf.
    • (1995) Angewandte Chemie , vol.107 , pp. 2541
    • Desiraju, G.R.1
  • 18
    • 0000829604 scopus 로고
    • Reversible topotaktische Redoxreaktionen von Festkörpern durch Elektronen/Ionen-Transfer
    • This is an extension of the concept proposed by
    • (1980) Angewandte Chemie , vol.92 , pp. 1015
    • Schöllhorn, R.1
  • 20
    • 0000080313 scopus 로고
    • Die Logik der chemischen Synthese: Vielstufige Synthesen komplexer „carbogener” Moleküle (Nobel-Vortrag)
    • (1991) Angewandte Chemie , vol.103 , pp. 469
    • Corey, E.J.1
  • 24
    • 0011362257 scopus 로고
    • General methods for the construction of complex molecules
    • While this term was initially used in its original meaning, cf
    • (1967) Pure and Applied Chemistry , vol.14 , pp. 19
    • Corey, E.J.1
  • 30
    • 84985614756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Many tectons will be recognizable as building blocks known from structural chemistry. It is important, however, to distinguish here between the two terms: Tecton should only be used in the area of retrosynthesis, while building block (or structural unit) should only be used in the context of structural descriptions. But the term tecton could not be consequently used in this review, since the relevant description of most of the structures, in the context of planning the synthesis, is not possible according to current knowledge.
  • 31
    • 84985498723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One of the authors (H. R.) is currently conducting studies to clarify this question.
  • 56
    • 84985514921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in ref. [32b], Chap. 1, p. 1
    • Gies, H.1
  • 72
    • 84985539998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3X with large cations A (, Monatsh. Chem., in press) have shown that these ions form densely packed host structures which are mainly held together by van der Waals interactions. While these host structures cannot be compared topologically/structurally to classic clathrates, they do force the comparatively small anion into adapting its geometry to the cationic host matrix.
    • Müller, A.1    Diemann, E.2    Krickemeyer, E.3    Bögge, H.4    Menke, C.5    Kuhlmann, C.6
  • 81
    • 0007362618 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen zum gezielten Design von Feststoffen; Hydrothermalsynthesen sowie ein-, zwei- und dreidimensionale Strukturen im Oxovanadium-Organodiphosphonat-System
    • An even more varied structural multitude is obtained when phosphonates or diphosphonates are employed instead of phosphates
    • (1995) Angewandte Chemie , vol.107 , pp. 229
    • Soghomonian, V.1    Chen, Q.2    Haushalter, R.C.3    Zubieta, J.4
  • 91
    • 84985514717 scopus 로고
    • (b) Chem. Lett.
    • (1988) , pp. 459
  • 101
    • 0008651407 scopus 로고
    • Uniforme heterogene Katalysatoren – die Rolle der Festkörperchemie bei der Katalysatorentwicklung
    • (1988) Angewandte Chemie , vol.100 , pp. 1735
    • Thomas, J.M.1
  • 114
    • 84985620674 scopus 로고
    • J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.
    • (1980) , pp. 647
    • Clement, R.1
  • 151
    • 0001811634 scopus 로고
    • Cf. the definition for “mesoscopic”, to be found in, for example
    • (1993) Physics Today , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 64
    • Siegel, R.W.1
  • 152
    • 0001805503 scopus 로고
    • Cf. the definitions of terms, such as container, carcerand, and cavitand, that have recently been introduced into supramolecular host–guest chemistry by, and F. Vögtle (see ref. [47]). Here, however, definitions of terms based on the classification by Vögtle (ref. [47], p. 48) of neutral organic ligands according to topological aspects are sufficient: Monocyclic ligands should be called coronands (crown ethers are coronands that exclusively contain ether‐type oxygen atoms), while oligocyclic, spherical ligands should be called cryptands
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 29
    • Cram, D.J.1
  • 157
    • 84985569825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3} groups. The hydrogen bonds apparently play a crucial role in this stabilization.
  • 159
    • 0010405876 scopus 로고
    • Einschluß von Metall-Ionen in einem durch organische Reste stabilisierten Zinn-Sauerstoff-Käfig: Kristallstruktur von [(iPrSn)12O4(OH)24][Ag7I11] · NaCl · H2O · 10 DMSO
    • (1991) Angewandte Chemie , vol.103 , pp. 1487
    • Reuter, H.1
  • 164
    • 33748231022 scopus 로고
    • This article also discusses the limitations of the complementarity principle
    • (1993) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.32 , pp. 909
  • 184
    • 20644444765 scopus 로고
    • Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur (1797)
    • M. Schröter, Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, Erster Ergänzungsband zur Naturphilosophie 1792–1803
    • (1956) , pp. 77
    • Schelling, F.W.J.1
  • 192
    • 84985626443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 42(Cl)] can, according to current knowledge, predominantly be distinguished by ESR and magnetic susceptibility measurements. (This gives evidence for the abundance of {V 16IVV 2V} shells in the case of 66a–c). In the meantime, we have been able—in contrast to earlier work (cf. ref. [124])—to determine the exact number of cations in the compound with the anion 72a by X‐ray crystallography, a prerequisite to solve the problem at hand. The (correct) formula of 72 was estimated in ref. [124] and only recently proven in ref. [125] (see comments in ref. [131a], p. 39).
  • 196
    • 0001411333 scopus 로고
    • „[12]-Mercuracarborand-4”, die erste Verbindung einer neuen Klasse starrer elektrophiler Makrocyclen: der Chlorid-Komplex eines [12]-Krone-4-Analogons mit inverser Ladungsverteilung
    • (1991) Angewandte Chemie , vol.103 , pp. 1519
    • Yang, X.1    Knobler, C.B.2    Hawthorne, M.F.3
  • 199
    • 84985509810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4N]I.
  • 203
    • 84985600156 scopus 로고
    • 4 faces (see also ref. [133])
    • (1992) Nature , vol.355 , pp. 27
  • 206
    • 84985600123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 symmetry.
  • 210
    • 84985563675 scopus 로고
    • 4 cube in (90a), which directs and “reinforces” the subsequent condensation processes. Because of weak interactions the central cores act as templates which determine, by a process of “molecular recognition”, the symmetry, form, and structure of the cluster shells (see Sections 3.2.2, 3.3, and 3.5). This special case of a conservative [Truncated]
    • (1990) Selbstorganisation, Bd. I , pp. 3
    • Prigogine, I.1    Stengers, I.2
  • 211
    • 0010005142 scopus 로고
    • Das Oxovanadiumorganoarsonat-System: [2CH3OH ⊂ V12O14(OH)4(PhAsO3)10]4−und [2H2O ⊂ V12O12(OH)2(H2O)2(PhAsO3)10−(PhAsO3H)4]2−, nanometergroße Cluster mit Hohlräumen für Neutralmoleküle
    • (1994) Angewandte Chemie , vol.106 , pp. 784
    • Khan, M.I.1    Zubieta, J.2
  • 213
    • 4244033712 scopus 로고
    • Modellierung der ferngesteuerten Organisation von Teilchen in einem nanodimensionalen Hohlraum: Synthese und Eigenschaften von (Et3NH)3(tBuNH3)2Na2[(H2O)2,N3− ⊂ V14O22(OH)4(PhPO3)8] · 6 H2O · 2 DMF
    • + ion, fits exactly [Truncated]
    • (1995) Angewandte Chemie , vol.107 , pp. 857
    • Müller, A.1    Hovemeier, K.2    Krickemeyer, E.3    Bögge, H.4
  • 218
    • 84955855936 scopus 로고
    • Cited by Aristotle, De generatione animalium, V 8, 789b, 2f. See also, Reclam, Leipzig, with respect to the Aristotelian works De generatione animalium and Physica (cf. in particular II 4, 195b 36ff.)
    • (1977) Griechische Atomisten , pp. 129
    • Jürss, F.1
  • 219
    • 84985569787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 can be precipitated from the aqueous solution (cf. ref. [108]).
  • 223
    • 84985622834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • unpublished results. The cluster aggregate 92a contained in 92 exhibits two (Mo 2V)3 units, which are linked by a Na+ ion in the crystal; cf. the similarly structured, sandwich‐type compound Na3(H3O)4[NEt4]2[Na{(Mo 2V)3O15(PhPO3)(PhPO3H)3}2]·14 H2O in
    • Müller, A.1    Dillinger, S.2    Bögge, H.3
  • 235
    • 84985547175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8} units linked by an Mo atom.
  • 236
    • 84985496678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O rings located in the cavity of 93a and 94a represent structural elements that are similar to those found in one of the modifications of ice. These six‐membered rings might, therefore, in principle, act as templates for the formation of the cluster shells of these giant anions.
  • 237
    • 84985547179 scopus 로고
    • (b) Cf. also the [12]crown‐4 complex of LiSCN in the cavity of γ‐cyclodextrin (, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2409)
    • (1987) , pp. 109
    • Kamitori, S.1    Hirotsu, K.2    Higuchi, T.3
  • 248
    • 0038271067 scopus 로고
    • Neuartige Modifikationen von Gold, Rhodium und Ruthenium – M13-Cluster als Bausteine von „Superclustern”
    • (1986) Angewandte Chemie , vol.98 , pp. 910
    • Schmid, G.1    Klein, N.2
  • 251
    • 84989078366 scopus 로고
    • Topologisch und elektronisch bemerkenswerte ?reduzierte? Cluster des Typs [V18O42(X)]n? (X = SO4, VO4) mit Td-Symmetrie und davon abgeleitete Cluster [V(18-p)As2pO42(X)]m? (X = SO3, SO4, H2O; p = 3, 4)
    • (1991) Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. , vol.595 , pp. 251
    • Müller, A.1    Döring, J.2
  • 261
    • 4243548301 scopus 로고
    • Zur Bildung des FeMo-Cofaktors der Nitrogenase in der Natur und im Reagensglas – ein Zusammenspiel von Genetik und Chemie
    • (1995) Angewandte Chemie , vol.107 , pp. 1172
    • Müller, A.1    Krahn, E.2
  • 264
    • 84985556577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometry deals with the congruity of metric parameters, such as angles or distances. Topology, on the other hand, is another branch of mathematics that deals with non‐metric properties, which remain invariant under bijective and continuous mappings.
  • 275
    • 84985629438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allgemeine Deduktion des dynamischen Prozesses oder der Kategorien der Physik (1800) in Schellings Werke (Ed.: M. Schröter), 2nd main volume (Schriften zur Naturphilosophie 1799–1801), Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, München, 1927, p. 635. According to Schelling “to construct” implies a “rational catching up with the evolutionary process”.
    • Schelling, F.W.J.1
  • 277
    • 84985622898 scopus 로고
    • Together with 31 other landlords, Lavoisier stood accused of alleged fraud during his term as supervisor of the regions of Lorraine and Flanders. He “foresaw the verdict and requested only a stay of execution for 14 days, in order to complete an important study on which he had worked for many years; he then would gladly die as he had sacrificed his life for his country” (Styria, Graz). Coffinhal had no sympathy for this request and gave the cited response
    • (1930) Die Französische Revolution , vol.4 , pp. 295
    • von Weiss, J.B.1
  • 278
    • 84985626038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (a) Hylomorphism is based on the assumption that every natural object is composed in some manner of (unstructured) matter (Greek hylè) and form (Greek morphé); b important are the Arabian natural scientists of the Middle Ages Averroës and Avicenna (Aristolian leftists).
  • 280
    • 0039902130 scopus 로고
    • In philosophy, the appearance of new qualities and developmental levels due to evolutionary processes is termed emergence (Latin emergere = to surface, to become visible, to come out, to come into being). Emergent developmental phenomena are characterized by the either sudden or slow generation of something new in the sense of the appearance of new qualities. Emergent properties of complex systems can no longer be described solely by those theories that apply to the isolated components that make up the complex system. The concept of emergence encompasses not only dissipative, but also conservative self‐organization processes. This may be the case when the aggregation of small building blocks (e.g., MoO 42− and VO 43− ions) leads, by consevative self‐organization, to the generation of extremely large cluster species (e.g. 93a) which have new characteristics that can no longer be explained (or at least not be predicted) by the properties of the isolated [Truncated]
    • (1994) J. Mol. Struct. , vol.325 , pp. 13
    • Müller, A.1
  • 283
    • 0003703471 scopus 로고
    • (b) see also Monod's comments “Comme dans un cristal, c'est la structure měme des molécules assemblées qui constitue la source d'information pour la construction de l'ensemble.”, Éditions du Seuil, Paris
    • (1970) Le Hasard et la Nécessité , pp. 102
    • Monod, J.1
  • 285
    • 0003811402 scopus 로고
    • Vieweg, Braunschweig,. Fundamental questions we have to ask are whether complex near‐equilibrium systems were a necessary basis for the formation of dissipative structures during evolution and whether it is possible to create molecular complexity stepwise by a conservative growth process corresponding to the following schematic description: Here, the uneven Roman numerals, 2N—1, represent a series of maturation steps of a molecular system in growth or development and even Arabic numerals 2n stand for ingredients of the solution which react only with the relevant “preliminary” or intermediate product, 2N—1. The species 2n can themselves be products of self‐assembly processes. The target molecule at the “end” of the growth process would be formed by some kind of (near‐equilibrium) symmetry breaking steps. The information it carries could, in principle, be transferred to other systems (A. Müller et al. unpublished).
    • (1991) Die Selbststrukturierung der Materie
    • Haken, H.1    Wunderlin, A.2
  • 288
    • 84985600064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltaire, Questions sur l'Encyclopédie, VIIIe partie (1771) (Ouvres Complètes de Voltaire, Vol. 20, Dictionnaire Philosophique IV), Garnier Frères, Paris, 1879, p. 49. See also ref. [189].
  • 289
    • 84985575662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voltaire in Aus dem Philosophischen Wörterbuch (Ed.:), Insel, Frankfurt am Main, 1967, p. 128.
    • Stierle, K.1
  • 290
    • 84985635125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (a) For this purpose, we have used the following graphic programs: “KPLOT” by, —a program to depict and study crystal structures, Bonn, 1969
    • Hundt, R.1
  • 291
    • 84985635116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (b) “ORTEP” by, —a FORTRAN thermal ellipsoid plot program for crystal structures, Oak Ridge, USA, 1965
    • Johnson, C.K.1
  • 292
    • 84985622932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (c) “SCHAKAL 92” by, —a computer program for the graphic representation of molecular and crystallographic models, Freiburg, 1993.
    • Keller, E.1

* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.