Differential effect of hormone therapy and tibolone on lipids, lipoproteins, and the atherogenic index of plasma

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Volumn 47, Issue 4, 2006, Pages 542-548

  Christodoulakos, George E ^a   Lambrinoudaki, Irene V ^a,b   Economou, Emmanuel V ^a   Papadias, Constantinos ^a   Panoulis, Constantinos P ^a   Kouskouni, Evangelia E ^a   Vlachou, Sofia A ^a   Creatsas, George C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS   (Greece)

^b NONE   (Greece)

Author keywords

Atherogenic index of plasma; Hormone therapy; Tibolone

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN A1; APOLIPOPROTEIN B; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; CONJUGATED ESTROGEN PLUS MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; ESTRADIOL PLUS NORETHISTERONE ACETATE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LIPID; LIPOPROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RALOXIFENE; TIBOLONE; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; EVALUATION; FEMALE; HEALTH CENTER; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME; MODULATION; PARAMETERS OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS; PLASMA; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SERUM; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

ADULT; ANDROGEN ANTAGONISTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLIMACTERIC; FEMALE; HORMONES; HUMANS; LIPIDS; LIPOPROTEINS; MIDDLE AGED; NORPREGNENES; POSTMENOPAUSE;

EID: 33748195902     PISSN: 01602446     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000211747.16573.d5     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wilett WC. Menopause and heart disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;592:193-203.
2. Hu FB, Grodstein F. Post-menopausal hormone therapy and the risk of cardiovascular disease: the epidemiologic evidence. Am J Cardiol. 2002;90:F26-F29.
3. Barrett-Connor E, Grady D. Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease and other considerations. Annu Rev Public Health. 1998;19:55-72.
4. Stevenson JC, Crook D, Godsland IF. Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women. Atherosclerosis. 1993;98:83-90.
5. Walsh BW, Schiff I, Rosner B, et al. Effects of post-menopausal estrogen replacement on the concentrations and the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:1196-1204.
6. Godsland IF. Effects of post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy on lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A concentrations: analysis of studies published from 1974-2000. Fertil Steril. 2001;75:898-915.
7. Abbey M, Owen A, Susakawa M, et al. Effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and LDL receptor activity. Maturitas. 1999;33:259-269.
8. Dias AR, Melo RN, Gebara OCE, et al. Effect of conjugated equine estrogens or raloxifene on lipid profile, coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in post-menopausal women. Climacteric. 2005;8:63-70.
9. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Post-menopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:453-461.
10. Lobo RA. Cardiovascular implications of estrogen replacement therapy. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;75:S18-S25.
11. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al for the HERS Research Group. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal women: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA. 1998;280:605-613.
12. Herrington DM, Reboussin DM, Brosnihan KB, et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:522-529.
13. The Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Post-menopausal Women. JAMA. 2002;288:321-333.
14. Nazr A, Breckwoldt M. Estrogen replacement therapy and cardiovascular protection: lipid mechanisms are the tip of the iceberg. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1998;12:43-59.
15. Chen FP, Lee N, Wang CH, et al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women. Fertil Steril. 1998; 69:267-273.
16. Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:1801-1811.
17. Christodoulakos G, Panoulis C, Kouskouni E, et al. Effects of estrogen-progestin and raloxifene therapy on nitric oxide, prostacyclin and endothelin 1 synthesis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2002;16:9-17.
18. Ossewaarde ME, Bots ML, Bak AA, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on lipids in perimenopausal and early post-menopausal women. Maturitas. 2001; 39:209-216.
19. Sitruk-Ware R. Progestogens in hormonal replacement therapy: new molecules, risks and benefits. Menopause. 2002; 9:6-15.
20. Tikkanen MJ. The menopause and hormone replacement therapy: Lipids, lipoproteins, coagulation and fibrinolytic factors. Maturitas. 1996;23:209-216.
21. Al-Azzawi F, Wahab M, Sami S, et al. Randomized trial of effects of estradiol in combination with either norethisterone acetate or trimegestone on lipids and lipoproteins in post-menopausal women. Climacteric. 2004;7:292-300.
22. von Eckardstein A, Schmiddem K, Hovels A, et al. Lowering of HDL cholesterol in post-menopausal women is not associated with changes in cholesterol efflux capacity or paraoxonase activity. Atherosclerosis. 2001;159:433-439.
23. Mendoza N, Suarez AM, Alamo F, et al. Lipid effects, effectiveness and acceptability of tibolone versus transdermic 17β-estradiol for hormonal relacement therapy in women with surgical menoapuse. Maturitas. 2000;37:37-43.
24. Baracat EC, Barbosa IC, Giordano MG, et al. A randomised, open-label study of conjugated equine estrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tibolone: effects of symptom control, bleeding pattern, lipid profile and tolerability. Climacteric. 2002;5:60-69.
25. Lundstrom E, Christow A, Kersemaekers W, et al. Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on mammographic breast density. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:717-722.
26. Christodoulakos G, Lambrinoudaki I, Vourtsi A, et al. Mammographic changes associated with raloxifene and tibolone therapy: a prospective study. Menopause. 2002;9(2):110-116.
27. Christodoulakos GE, Botsis DS, Lambrinoudaki IV, et al. A 5-year study on the effect of hormone therapy, tibolone and raloxifene on vaginal bleeding and endometrial thickness. Maturitas. 2006;53:413-423.
28. Cleeman J. Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.
29. Tan MH, Johns D, Glazer BN. Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1184-1188.
30. HDL). Clin Biochem. 2001;34:583-589.
31. Hoffmann GE, Hiefinger R, Weiss L. Five methods for measuring low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration in serum compared. Clin Chem. 1985;31:1729-1730.
32. Godsland IF. Biology: Risk factor modification by OCs and HRT lipids and lipoproteins. Maturitas. 2004;47:299-303.
33. Pradhan S, Sumpio BE. Do estrogen effects on blood vessels translate into clinical significant atheroprotection? J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:462-474.
34. Warren MP, Halpert S. Hormone replacement therapy: controversies, pros and cons. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;18:317-332.
35. Maas A, van der Schouw Y, Grobbee D, et al. "Rise and fall" of hormone therapy in post-menopausal women with cardiovascular disease. Menopause. 2004;11:228-235.
36. Chang TC, Lien YR, Chen M, et al. Effect of conjugated equine estrogen in combination with two different progestogens on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in post-menopausal Chinese women in Taiwan: a randomized one year study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:661-666.
37. Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Panoulis CP, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy, tibolone and raloxifene on serum lipids, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) in Greek post-menopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004;18:244-257.
38. Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective, observational study of post-menopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:933-941.
39. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. Post-menopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease: 10-year follow up from the Nurses' Health Study. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:756-762.
40. Writing Group for the PEPI trial. Effects of estrogens or estrogen-progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in post-menopausal women. The Post-menopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. JAMA. 1995;273:199-208.
41. Ylikorkala O, Lim P, Caubel P. Effects on serum lipid profiles of continuous combined 17β-estradiol/norethisterone acetate hormone replacement therapy. Clin Therap. 2000;22:622-626.
42. Loh FH, Chen LH, Yu SL, et al. The efficacy of two dosages of a continuous combined hormone replacement regimen. Maturitas. 2002;41:123-131.
43. Sanada M, Nakagawa H, Kodama I, et al. Three-year study of estrogen alone versus combined with progestin in post-menopausal women with or without hypercholesterolemia. Metabolism. 2000;49:784-789.
44. Peeyananjarassri K, Baber R. Effects of low dose hormone therapy on menopausal symptoms, bone mineral density, endometrium and the cardiovascular system: a review of randomized clinical trials. Climacteric. 2005;8:13-23.
45. Crona N, Enk L, Mattsson LA, et al. Progestogens and lipid metabolism. Maturitas. 1986;8:141-158.
46. Mercuro G, Vitale C, Fini M, et al. Lipid profiles and endothelial function with low dose hormone replacement therapy in postmenopasual women at risk for coronary artery disease: a randomized trial. Int J Cardiol. 2003;89:257-265.
47. Lobo RA, Bush T, Carr BR, et al. Effects of lower doses of conjugated equine estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, coagulation factors and carbohydrate metabolism. Fertil Steril. 2001;76:13-24.
48. Sanada M, Higashi Y, Nakagawa K, et al. A comparison of low dose and standard dose oral estrogen on forearm endothelial function in early postmenopasual women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1303-1309.
49. Wakatsuki A, Okatani Y, Ikenoue N, et al. Effect of lower dose of oral conjugated equine estrogen on size and oxidative susceptibility of low density lipoprotein particles in postmenopasual women. Circulation. 2003;108:808-813.
50. Palacios S. Tibolone: a tissue-specific approach to the menopause. Eur Heart J. 2001;3:M12-M16.
51. Jackson G. Tibolone and the cardiovascular system. Eur Heart J. 2001;3:M17-M21.
52. Crook D. Lipid predictors of coronary heart disease and tibolone users. Eur Heart J. 2001;3:M22-M26.
53. Castelo-Branco C, Vicente JJ, Figueras F, et al. Two year prospective and comparative study on the effects of tibolone on lipid pattern, behavior of apolipoproteins A1 and B. Menopause. 1999;6:22-27.
54. Barnes JF, Farish E, Rankin M, et al. A comparison of the effects of two continuous HRT regimens on cardiovascular risk factors. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160:185-193.
55. D'Agostino RB, Russel MW, Huse DM, et al. Primary and subsequent coronary risk appraisal: new results from the Framingham study. Am Heart J. 2000;139:272-281.
56. Jacobs DR, Mebane IL, Bangdiwala SI, et al. High density lipoprotein cholesterol as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality in men and women: the follow-up study of the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131:32-47.
57. Lloyd-Jones DM, O'Donnell CJ, D'Agostino RB, et al. Applicability of cholesterol-lowering primary prevention trials to a general population: the Framingham heart study. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:949-954.
58. Sanada M, Tsuda M, Kodama I, et al. Substitution of transdermal estradiol during oral estrogen-progestin therapy in post-menopausal women. Effects of hypertriglyceridemia. Menopause. 2004;11:331-336.
59. Gianturco SH, Bradley WA. Pathophysiology of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in atherothrombosis: cellular aspects. Clin Cardiol. 1999;22:7-14.
60. Knopp RH, Zhu X, Bonet B. Effects of estrogen on lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease in women. Atherosclerosis. 1994;110:S83-S91.
61. Gaziano GM, Hennekens CH, O'Donnell CJ, et al. Fasting triglycerides, high density lipoprotein and risk of myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1997;96:2520-2525.
62. Williams JK, Hall J, Antony MS, et al. A comparison of tibolone and hormone replacement therapy on coronary artery and myocardial function in ovariectomized atherosclerotic monkeys. Menopause. 2002;9:41-51.
63. Bots ML, Evans GW, Riley W, et al. The effect of tibolone and continuous combined conjugated equine oestrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate on progression of carotid intima-media thickness: the Osteoporosis Prevention and Arterial Effects of tiboLone (OPAL) study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:746-755.