Italy at a crossroads: The foreign policy of a medium power after the end of bipolarity

Daedalus

Volumn 130, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 45-65

  Andreatta, Filippo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

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[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33748059878     PISSN: 00115266     EISSN: 15486192     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Arnold Wolfers, Discord and Collaboration (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1962).
2. For the role of the Cold War in Italian domestic politics, see Norman Kogan, The Politics of Italian Foreign Policy (London: Pall Mall, 1963).
3. On the importance of the NATO choice see Pietro Scoppola, La Repubblica dei partiti 1945-1990 (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1991), 209-250.
4. Stefano Silvestri, "L'ltalia: partner fedele ma di basso profilo," in Luigi Caligaris, ed., La difesa europea: proposte e sfide (Milan: ISPI, 1990);
5. Christopher Seton-Watson, "La politica estera della Repubblica Italiana," in Richard J. B. Bosworth and Sergio Romano, eds., La politica estera italiana (Bologna: Il Mulino, 1991).
6. Filippo Andreatta and Christopher Hill, "Italy," in Jolyon Howorth and Anand Menon, eds., National Policy Making and the European Community: National Defence and European Security Integration (London: Routledge, 1997).
7. The main exception is the Sigonella episode in which the government openly and successfully opposed American attempts to secure Palestinian terrorists on Italian soil, which led to the resignation of the defense minister, but which represents the only example of the eccentric style of Italian foreign policy directly contradicting the basic alliances of the country. Cf. Frank J. Pieson, "La politica estera italiana: il caso Achille Lauro," in Piergiorgio Corbetta and Robert Leonardi, eds., Politica in Italia (Bologna: II Mulino, 1986).
8. Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, Mass.: Addison Wesley, 1979);
9. Waltz, "The Stability of a Bipolar World," Dædalus 93 (3) (Summer 1964).
10. Cf. also John Mearsheimer, "Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War," International Security 15 (1) (Summer 1990);
11. John Lewis Gaddis, "The Long Peace," International Security 10 (4) (Spring 1986).
12. Raymond Aron, Peace and War: A Theory of Peace and War (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1966), 186.
13. Thomas Christiansen and Jack Snyder, "Chain Gangs and Passed Bucks: Predicting Alliance Patterns in Multipolarity," International Organization 44 (1991).
14. Joanne Gowa, "Bipolarity, Multipolarity and Free Trade," American Political Science Review 83 (1989).
15. Mancur Olson and Richard Zeckhauser, "An Economic Theory of Alliances," The Review of Economics and Statistics 48 (1966).
16. Glenn Snyder and Paul Diesing, Conflict among Nations (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977), 429.
17. Cf. also Ted Hopf, "Polarity, the Offense-Defense Balance, and War," American Political Science Review 85 (1991);
18. Karl Deutsch and David Singer, "Multipolar Power Systems and International Stability," World Politics XVI (1964): 401;
19. Richard Rosecrance, "Bipolarity, Multipolarity and the Future," Journal of Conflict Resolution 10 (1966);
20. Charles W. Kegley Jr. and Gregory A. Raymond, A Multipolar Peace? GreatPower Politics in the Twenty-first Century (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994);
21. Jack Levy, "The Polarity of the System and International Stability: An Empirical Analysis," in Alan Ned Sabrosky, ed., Polarity and War: The Changing Structure of International Conflict (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985);
22. Manus Mildarski, "Polarity and International Stability," American Political Science Review 87 (1993);
23. Alan Ned Sabrosky, ed., Polarity and War: The Changing Structure of International Conflict (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985);
24. Edward Mansfield, Power, Trade and War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
25. Pierre Hassner, "Beyond the Three Traditions: The Philosophy of War and Peace in Historical Perspective," International Affairs 70 (4) (1994).
26. Mary Kaldor, New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (Oxford: Polity Press, 1999).
27. Ted Perlmutter, "The Italian Response to the Albanian Crisis," The International Migration Review 32 (1) (1999): 203-222.
28. Filippo Andreatta and Christopher Hill, "Italy's Adaptation to the End of the Cold War: The Importance of Ideas on Foreign Policy," in William Wallace, ed., European Views of the International Order after the Cold War (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
29. G. Frederico Mancini, "The Italians in Europe," Foreign Affairs 79 (2) (March/ April 2000): 122-135.
30. Stefano Guzzini, "The Implosion of Clientelistic Italy in the 1990s: A Study of 'Peaceful Change' in Comparative Political Economy," EUI Working paper SPS No. 94/12, European University Institute, Florence, 1994.
31. This process is compounded by the traditional provincialism of the Italian media in the foreign policy field, which fails to hold politicians to their responsibilities of coherence and competence.
32. Samuel Huntington, "The Clash of Civilizations?" Foreign Affairs 72 (Summer 1993);
33. Francis Fukuyama, "The End of History," The National Interest (16) (Summer 1989).