Explaining shell-tempered pottery in prehistoric Eastern North America

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 89-133

  Feathers, James K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Eastern United States; Evolutionary explanations; Firing strategies; Shell tempered pottery; Units of analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747893769     PISSN: 10725369     EISSN: 15737764     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10816-006-9003-3     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. Allsbrook, R. C. (1995). Limestone, grog and shell: an intemperate view of pottery temper in the Tennessee Valley. Paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Minneapolis.
2. Arnold, D. E. (1985). Ceramic Theory and Cultural Process, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3. Baudran, A., and Deplus, C. (1959). The rheological behavior of clay bodies. Transactions of theBritish Ceramic Society 58: 454-469.
4. Benn, D. W., and Green, W. (2000). Late Woodland cultures in Iowa. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 429-496.
5. Bense, J. ( 1994). Archaeology of the Southeastern United States: Paleoindian to World War I, Academic Press, San Diego.
6. Blitz, J. H. (1993). Ancient Chiefdoms of the Tombighee, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
7. Blitz, J. H., and Lorenz, K. G. (2002). The Early Misssissippian frontier in the Lower Chattahoochee-Apalachicola River valley. Southeastern Archaeology 21:117-135.
8. Brashler, J. G., Garland, E. B., Holman, M. B., Lovis, W. L., and Martin, S. R. (2000). Adaptive strategies and socioeconomic systems in northern Great Lakes riverine environments: the Late Woodland of Michigan. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 543-579.
9. Bronitksy, G., and Hamer, R. (1986). Experiments in ceramic technology: the effects of various tempering materials on impact and thermal shock resistance. American Antiquity 51: 89-101.
10. Cannon, M. D., Madsen, M. E., and Lipo, C. P. (1998). "Wasteful" behavior in evolutionary and ecological perspective. Paper presented at the 63rd annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Seattle, WA.
11. Cole, F.-C., and Deuel, T. (1937). Rediscovering Illinois: Archaeological Explorations in and around Fulton County, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
12. Dawkins, R. (1982). The Extended Phenotype: the Gene as the Unit of Selection, W. H. Freeman, Oxford.
13. Delaney-Rivera, C. (2004). From edge to frontier: Early Mississippian occupation of the Lower Illinois River valley. Southeastern Archaeology 23: 41-56.
14. Deuel, T. (1937). The application of a classificatory method to Mississippi Valley archaeology. In Cole, F.-C., and Deuel, T. (eds.) Rediscovering Illinois: Archaeological Explorations in and around Fulton County, Appendix I, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 207-219.
15. Dunnell, R. C. (1978). Style and function: a fundamental dichotomy. American Antiquity 43: 192- 202.
16. Dunnell, R. C. (1986). Methodological issues in Americanist artifact classification. In Schiffer, M. B. (ed.) Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 9, Academic Press, New York, pp. 149-207.
17. Dunnell, R. C. (1989). Aspects of the application of evolutionary theory in archaeology. In Lamberg-Karlovsky, C. C. (ed.), Archaeological Thought in America, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 35-49.
18. Dunnell, R. C. (1995). What is it that actually evolves? In Teltser, P. (ed.), Evolutionary Archaeology: Methodological Issues, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 33-50.
19. Dunnell, R. C. (1999). The concept of waste in an evolutionary archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 18: 243-250.
20. Dunnell, R. C. (2006). Measuring relatedness. In Lipo, C. P., O'Brien, M. J., Collard, M., and Shennan, S. J. (eds), Mapping our Ancestors: Phylogenetic Approaches in Anthropology and Prehistory, Aldine Transaction, New Brunswick, N. J., pp. 109-116.
21. Dunnell, R. C., and Feathers, J. K. (1991). Late Woodland manifestations of the Maiden Plain, Southeast Missouri. In Nassaney, M. S., and Cobb, C. R. (eds.), Stability, Transformation, and Variation: tlie Late Woodland Southeast, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 21-45.
22. Dunnell, R. C., and Feathers, J. K. (1994). Thermoluminescence dating of surficial archaeological material. In Beck, C. (ed.), Dating in Exposed and Surface Context, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 115-137.
23. Eldridge, N. (1985). Unfinished Synthesis, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
24. Emerson, T. E. (1991). Cahokia and the Hinterlands, The Apple River Mississippian culture of northwestern Illinois. 164-182.
25. Emerson, T. E., and Lewis, R. B. (eds.) (1991). Cahokia and the Hinterlands, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
26. Farnsworth, K. B., Emerson, T. E., and Glenn, R. M. (1991). Patterns of Late Woodland/Mississippian interaction in the Lower Illinois Valley drainage: a view from Starr Village. In Emerson, T. E., and Lewis, R. B. (eds.), Cahokia and the Hinterlands, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 83-118.
27. Faulkner, C. H. (1972). The Mississippian-Woodland transition in the middle South. Bulletin of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference 15: 38-45.
28. Feathers, J. K. (1989). Effects of temper on strength of ceramics: response to Bronitsky and Hamer. American Antiquity 54: 579-588.
29. Feathers, J. K. (1990). Explaining the evolution of prehistoric ceramics in southeastern Missouri. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
30. Feathers, J. K. (1993). Thermoluminescence dating of Southeast Missouri pottery and the problem of disequilibrium. Archeomaterials 7: 3-20.
31. Feathers, J. K., Berhane, M., and May, L. (1998). Firing analysis of south-eastern Missouri Indian pottery using iron Mössbauer spectroscopy. Archaeometry 40: 59-70.
32. Feathers, J. K., Schiffer, M. B., Sillar, B., Tite, M. S., Kilikoglov, V., and Vekinis, G. (2003). Comments on M. S. Tite, V. Kilikoglou and G. Verkinis, 'Review article: strength, toughness and thermal shock resistance of ancient ceramics, and their influence on technological choice," Archaeometry, 43(3) (2001), 301-324, and reply.
33. Archaeometry 45: 163-183.
34. Feathers, J. K., and Scott, W. D. (1989). A prehistoric ceramic composite from the Mississippi Valley. American Ceramic Society Bulletin 68: 554-557.
35. Ford, J. A. (1936). Analysis of Indian village site collections from Louisiana and Mississippi, Louisiana State Geological Survey, Department of Conservation, Anthropological Study No. 2.
36. Ford, J. A. (1952). Measurements of some prehistoric design developments in the southeastern states. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 44(3), New York.
37. Fortier, A. C., and Jackson, D. K. (2000). The formation of a Late Woodland heartland in the American Bottom, Illinois cal A.D. 650-900. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 123-147.
38. Fortier, A. C., Lacampagne, R. B., and Finney, F. A. (1983). The Fish Lake Site. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 8. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
39. Futato, E. M. (1987). Archaeological Investigations at Shell Bluff and White Springs, Two Late Woodland Sites in the Tombigbee River Multi-Resource District. Report of Investigations No. 20. Office of Archaeological Research, Alabama State Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, University, Alabama.
40. Garland, E. B. (1992). The Obion Site: An Early Mississippian Center in Western Tennessee. Report of Investigations No. 7, Cobb Institute of Archaeology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State.
41. Gleach, F. W. (1988). A rose by any other name: questions on Mockley chronology. Journal of Middle Atlantic Archaeology 4: 85-98.
42. Gould, S. J., and Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm:a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London series B, 205: 581-598.
43. Gould, S. J., and Vrba, E. S. (1982). Exaptation - a missing term in the science of form. Paleobiology 8: 4-15.
44. Griffin, J. B. (1938). The ceramic remains from Norris Basin, Tennessee. In Webb, W. S. (ed.), An Archaeological Survey of the Norris Basin in Eastern Tennessee, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 118, pp. 253-358.
45. Griffin, J. B. (1939). Report on the ceramics of Wheeler Basin. In Webb, W. S. (ed.),An Archaeological Survey of Wheeler Basin on the Tennessee River in Northern Alabama, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 122, pp. 127-165.
46. Hall.R. L. (1991). Cahokia identity and interaction models of Cahokia Mississippian. In Emerson, T. E., and Lewis, R. B. (eds.), Cahokia and the Hinterlands, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 3-34.
47. Hammerstedt, S. W. (2001). Late Woodland and Mississippian settlement of the Black Warrier valley: a preliminary assessment. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 47: 1-45.
48. Hasselman, D. P. H. (1969). Unified theory of thermal shock fracture initiation and crack propagation in brittle ceramics. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 52: 600-604.
49. Hoard, R. J. (2000). Late Woodland in central Missouri, the Boone phase. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 211-239.
50. Hoard, R. J., O'Brien, M. J., Khorasgany, M. G., and Gopalaratmam, V. S. (1995). A materials-science approach to understanding limestone-tempered pottery from the Midwest. Journal of Archaeological Science 22: 823-832.
51. Hoffman, J. L. ( 1984). The Plains village: the Custer Phase. In Bell, R. E. (ed.), Prehistory of Oklahoma, Academic Press, New York, pp. 287-305.
52. Holmes, W. H. (1903). Aboriginal pottery of the Eastern United States. Twentieth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1898-1899, pp. 1-201. Washington, D.C.
53. Hull, D. L. (1980). The units of evolution. In Jensen, U. J., and Harre, R. (eds.), Studies in the Philosophy of Evolution, The Harvester Press, London, pp. 23-44.
54. Hull, D. L. (1989). The Metaphysics of Evolution, State University of New York Press, Albany.
55. Jackson, P. D. (2004). Co-existence of the West Jefferson and Moundville I phases. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 50: 1-17.
56. Jenkins, N. J. (1981). Gainesville Lake Area Ceramic Descriptions and Chronology. Report of Investigations 12, Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
57. Jenkins, N. J. (1982). Archaeology of the Gainesville Lake Area: Synthesis. Report of Investigations 23, Office of Archaeological Research, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa.
58. Jenkins, N. J. (2003). The terminal Woodland/Mississippian transition in west and central Alabama.Journal of Alabama Archaeology 49: 1-62.
59. Jenkins, N. J., and Krause, R. A. (1986). The Tombigbee Watershed in Southeastern Prehistory, University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
60. Johannessen, S. (1984). Paleoethnobotony. In Bereis, C. J., and Potter, J. W. (eds.), American Bottom Archaeology, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 197-214.
61. Jones, G. T., Leonard, R. D., and Abbott, A. L. (1995). The structure of selectionist explanations in archaeology. In Teltser, P. A. (ed.), Evolutionary Archaeology: Methodological Issues, University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 3-32.
62. Kelly, J. E. (1990a). Range site community patterns and the Mississippian Emergence. In Smith, B. D. (ed.), The Mississippian Emergence, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 67-122.
63. Kelly, J. E. ( 1990b). The emergence of Mississippian culture in the American Bottom region. In Smith, B. D. (ed.), The Mississippian Emergence, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 123-152.
64. Kelly, J. E., Fortier, A. C., Ozuk, S. J., and Williams, J. A. (1983). The Range Site: Archaic through Late WoodlandOccupations, American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 16, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
65. Kidder, T. R. (1998). Mississippi mound groups and communities in the Lower Mississippi Valley. In Lewis, R. B., and Stout, C. (eds.), Mississippian Towns and Sacred Spaces, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 123-150.
66. Knight, V. J., Jr. ( 1979). Ceramic stratigraphy at the Singer-Moye site. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 25: 138-151.
67. Lafferty, R. H., III, and Price, J. E. (1996). Southeast Missouri. In McNutt, C. H. (ed.), Prehistory of the Central Mississippi Valley, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 1-46.
68. Leonard, R. D., and Jones, G. T. (1987). Elements of an inclusive evolutionary model for archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 6: 199-219.
69. Lewis, T. M. N., and Kneberg, M. (1946). Hiwassee Island: An Archaeological Account of Four Tennessee Indian Peoples, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.
70. Lipo, C. P. (2001). Science, style and the study of community structure: an example from the central Mississippi River valley, British Archaeological Reports S918, Archaeopress, Oxford.
71. Lipo, C. P., Madsen, M. E., Dunnell, R. C., and Hunt, T. (1997). Population structure, cultural transmission, and frequency seriation. Journal of Anthropological Anthropology 16; 301-333.
72. Lynott.M. J. (1986). Two emergent Mississippian sites in the eastern Ozarks, Southeast Missouri. Paper presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.
73. Lynott, M. J., and Price, J. E. (1989). The Late Woodland to emergent Mississippian transition in the eastern Ozark region, Southeast Missouri. Paper presented at the 54th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Atlanta.
74. Mainfort, R. C., Jr. (1996). The Reelfoot Lake Basin, Kentucky and Tennessee. In McNutt, C. H. (ed.), Prehistory of the Central Mississippi Valley, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 77-96.
75. Mann, S. (1990). Crystal engineering: the natural way. New Scientist 125(March 10): 42-47.
76. March, B. (1934). Standards of pottery description. Occassional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan No. 3, Ann Arbor.
77. McKern, W. C. ( 1939). The Midwestern Taxonomic Method as an aid to archaeological study. American Antiquity 4: 301-313.
78. Million, M. G. (1975). Ceramic technology of the Nodena phase people (ca. AD1400-1700). Southeast Archaeological Conference Bulletin 18: 201-208.
79. Milner, G. R. ( 1983a). The Robinson's Lake Site. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 10, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
80. Milner, G. R. (1983b). The Turner and DeMange Sites. American Bottom Archaeology, FAI-270 Site Reports, Vol. 10, University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
81. Mistovich, T. S. (1988). Early Mississippian in the Black Warrior Valley: the pace of transition. Southeastern Archaeology 7: 21-38.
82. Moffat, C. R. (1991). Mississippian in the Upper Kaskaskia Valley: new data from Lake Shelbyville and new interpretations. In Emerson, T. E., and Lewis, R. B. (eds.) Cahokia and the Hinterlands, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 239-256.
83. Morse, D. F., and Morse, P. (1983). Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley, Academic Press, New York.
84. Morse, D. F., and Morse, P. (1990). Emergent Mississippian in the Central Mississippian valley. In Smith, B. D. (ed.), The Mississippian Emergence, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.pp. 153-173.
85. Mulvihill, T. S. (1996). Investigations of a Late Woodland site in Northeast Arkansas. Paper presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Birmingham.
86. Nassaney, M. S. (1991). Spatial-temporal dimensions of social integration during the Coles Creek period in central Arkansas. In Nassaney, M. S., and Cobb, C. R. (eds.), Stability, Transformation, and Variation: the Late Woodland Southeast, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 177-220.
87. Nassaney, M. S., and Cobb, C. R. (1991). Patterns and processes of Late Woodland development in the greater southeastern United States. In Nassaney, M. S., and Cobb, C. R. (eds.), Stability, Transformation, and Variation: the Late Woodland Southeast, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 285-322.
88. Neiman, F. D. (1995). Stylistic variation in evolutionary perspective: inferences from decorative diversity and interassemblage distance in Illinois Woodland ceramic assemblages. American Antiquity 60: 7-36.
89. Neiman, F. D. (1997). Conspicuous consumption as wasteful advertising: a Darwinian perspective on spatial patterns in classic Maya terminal monument dates. In Barton, C. M., and Clark, G. A. (eds.), Rediscovering Darwin: Evolutionary Theory and Archeological Explanation, Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, No. 7, pp. 267-290.
90. O'Brien, M. J. (1987). Sedentism, population growth, and resource selection developments. Current Anthropology 28: 177-197.
91. O'Brien, M. J., and Wood, W. R. (1998). The Prehistory of Missouri, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
92. Osborn, A. (1988). Limitations of the diffusionist approach: evolutionary ecology and shell-tempered ceramics. In Hugill, P. J., and Dickson, D. B., The Transfer and Transformation of Ideas and Material Culture, Texas A&M University Press, College Station, pp. 23-44.
93. Phelps, D. S. (1983). Archaeology of the North Carolina coast and coastal plain: problems and hypotheses. In Mathis, M. A., and Crow, J. J. (eds.), The Prehistory of North Carolina, North Carolina Division of Archives and History, Raleigh pp. 1-51.
94. Phillips, P., Ford, J. A., and Griffin, J. B. (1951). Archaeological Survey in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley, 1940-1947, Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, vol. 25.
95. Pierce, C. (2005). Reverse engineering the ceramic cooking pot: cost and performance properties of plain and textured vessels. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12: 117-157.
96. Pollack, D., and Henderson, A. G. (2000). The Late Woodland cultures in Kentucky. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 613-641.
97. Price, J. E. (1986). Emergent Mississippian occupation in the southeastern Ozarks of Missouri. Paper presented at the 51st annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, New Orleans.
98. Prater, O. H., and Shane, O. C., III (1970). Blain Village and the Fort Ancient Tradition in Ohio, Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio.
99. Rafterty, J. E. (1974). The Development of the Fort Ancient Tradition in northern Kentucky. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle.
100. Rafterty, J. E. (1986). Summary and conclusions. In Rafterty, J. E. and Starr, M. E. (eds.), Test Excavations at Two Woodland Sites, Lowndes County, Mississippi, Report of Investigations No. 3, Cobb Institute of Archaeology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, pp. 13-39.
101. Reeder, R. L. (2000). The Maramec Spring phase. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 187-209.
102. Rice, P. M. (1987). Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
103. Rindos, D. and Johannessen, S. (1991). Human-plant interactions and cultural change in the American Bottom. In Emerson, T. E., and Lewis, R. B. (eds.) Cahokia and the Hinterlands, University of Illinois Press, Urbana, pp. 35-45.
104. Rolingson, M. A. (1987). An assessment of the significance of clay-tempered ceramics and platform mounds at the Toltec Mounds site. In Marshall, R. A. (ed.), The Emergent Mississippian:Proceedings of the Sixth Mid-South Arcliaeological Conference, Cobb Institute of Archaeology, Mississippi State University, Occasional Papers 87-01, pp. 107-116.
105. Rye, O. S. (1981). Pottery Technology, Manuals on Archaeology 4, Tarazacum, Washington, D. C.
106. Sakai, M., Urashima, K., and Inagaki, M. (1983). Energy principles of elastic-plastic fracture and its application to the fracture mechanics of a polycrystalline graphite. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 66: 868-874.
107. Salkin, P. H. (2000). The Horicon and Kekoskee phases: cultural complexity in the Late Woodland stage in southeastern Wisconsin. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 525-542.
108. Schifter, M. B. (1988). The effects of surface treatment on permeability and evaporative cooling effectiveness of pottery. In Farquhar, R. M., Hancock, R. G., and Pavlish, L. A. (eds.), Proceedings of the 26th International Archaeometry Symposium, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, pp. 23-29.
109. Schiffer, M. B. ( 1990). The influence of surface treatment on heating effectiveness of ceramic vessels. Journal of Archaeological Science 17: 373-381.
110. Schiffer, M. B., and Skibo, J. M. (1987). Theory and experiment in the study of technological change. Current Antliropology 28: 595-622.
111. Schroedl, G. F., Boyd, C. C., Jr., and Davis, R. P. S., Jr. (1990). Explaining Mississippian origins in east Tennessee. In Smith, B. D. (ed.), The Mississippian Emergence, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., pp. 175-196.
112. Seckinger, E. W., Jr., and Jenkins, N. (2000). A plural society in prehistoric Alabama. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 46: 43-57.
113. Seeman, M. F., and Dancey, W. S. (2000). The Late Woodland period in southern Ohio: basic issues and prospects. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 583-611.
114. Shennan, S. J., and Wilkinson, J. R. (2001). Ceramic style change and neutral evolution: a case study from Neolithic Europe. American Antiquity 66: 577-593.
115. Skibo, J. M. (1992). Pottery Function: a Use-alteration Perspective, Plenum Press, New York.
116. Skibo, J. M., and Schiffer, M. B. (2001). Understanding artifact variability and change: a behavioral framework. In Schiffer, M. B. (ed.), Anthropological Perspectives on Technology, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 139-149.
117. Simon, M. L. (2000). Regional variations in plant use strategies in the Midwest during the Late Woodland. In Emerson, T. E., McElrath, D. L., and Fortier, A. D. (eds.), Late Woodland Societies: Tradition and Tranformation across the Midcontinent, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp. 37-75.
118. Smith, B. D. (1986). The archaeology of the Southeastern United State: from Dalton to deSoto, 10,500-500 B.P. Advances in World Archaeology 5: 1-92.
119. Smith, G. P. (1996). The Mississippi River drainage of western Tennessee. In McNutt, C. H. (ed.), Prehistory of the Central Mississippi Valley, The University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 97-118.
120. Squier, E. G., and Davis, E. H. (1848). Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, Vol. 1, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, Washington, D. C.
121. Stephensen, R. L. (1963). The artifacts. In Stephensen, R. L., and Ferguson, A. L. L. (eds.) The Accokeek Creek Site: a Middle Atlantic Seaboard Culture Sequence, Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan No. 20, pp. 82-168.
122. Steponaitis, V. P. (1983). Ceramics, Chronology, and Community Patterns: an Archaeological Study ofMoundville, Academic Press, New York.
123. Steponaitis, V. P. (1984). Technological studies of prehistoric pottery from Alabama: physical properties and vessel function. In van der Leeuw, S. E., and Pritchard, A. C. (eds.), The Many Dimensions of Pottery, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, pp. 79-127.
124. Steponaitis, V. P. (1986). Prehistoric archaeology in the Southeastern United States, 1970-1985. Annual Review of Anthropology 15: 363-404.
125. Swanton, J. R. (1946). The Indians of the Southeastern United States, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 137.
126. Teltser, P. A. (1993). An analytical strategy for studying assemblage scale ceramic variation: a case study from southeast Missouri. American Antiquity 58: 530-543.
127. Tillman, D. A. (1991). The Combustion of Solid Fuels and Wastes, Academic Press, San Diego.
128. Turnbow, C. A., and Henderson, A. G. (1992). Ceramic analysis. In Henderson, A. G. (ed.), Fort Ancient Cultural Dynamics in the Middle Ohio Valley, appendix, Prehistory Press, Madison, pp. 295-382.
129. Ullman, K. L. (1985). The ceramics from the Kramer village site (33Ro33), Ross County, Ohio. Kent State Research Papers in Archaeology No. 5. Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio.
130. Vrba, E. S., and Gould, S. J. (1986). The hierarchical expansion of sorting and selection: sorting and selection cannot be equated. Paleobiology 12: 217-228.
131. Worrall, W. E. (1986). Clays and Ceramic Raw Materials. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London.
132. Wedel, W. R. (1986). Central Plains Prehistory, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
133. Welch, P. D. (1990). Mississippian emergence in west central Alabama. In Smith, B. D. (ed.), The Mississippian Emergence, Washington, D. C, pp. 197-225.
134. Welch, P. D. (1994). The occupational history of the Bessemer site. Southeastern Archaeology 13: 1-26.
135. Welch, P. D. (1998). Middle Woodland and Mississippian occupations of the Savannah site in Tennessee. Southeast Archaeology 17: 79-92.
136. West, S. M. (1992). Temper, thermal shock and cooking pots: a study of tempering materials and their physical significance in prehistoric and traditional cooking pottery. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson.