A morphological investigation of soot produced by the detonation of munitions

Chemosphere

Volumn 65, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 821-831

  Pantea, Dana ^a   Brochu, Sylvie ^a   Thiboutot, Sonia ^a   Ampleman, Guy ^a   Scholz, Günter ^b  

^a DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CANADA VALCARTIER   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Diamond like carbon; Graphitic carbon; Morphology; Scanning electron microscopy; Soot; Transmission electron microscopy

Indexed keywords

DIAMOND LIKE CARBON; GRAPHITIC CARBON;

COMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DETONATION; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOOT; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

AMMUNITION;

CARBON; EXPLOSIVE; GRAPHITE; NITROGEN; TRINITROTOLUENE;

AMMUNITION; COMPOSITION; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DETONATION; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MORPHOLOGY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOOT; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; EXPLOSION; GRAPHITE; MORPHOLOGY; SOOT; WEAPON; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

ARTICLE; ASH; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOIL POLLUTION; SOOT; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

CARBON; DUST; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; EXPLOSIONS; EXPLOSIVE AGENTS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, TRANSMISSION; PARTICLE SIZE; SOOT; TRIAZINES; TRINITROTOLUENE; X-RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 33747892182     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.027     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Albers P.W., Klein H., Lox E.S., Seibold K., Prescher G., and Parker S.F. INS-, SIMS- and XPS-investigations of diesel engine exhaust particles. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2 (2000) 1051-1058
2. Bovenkerk H.P., Bundy F.P., Hall H.T., Strong H.M., and Wentorf R.H. Preparation of diamond. Nature 184 (1959) 1094-1098
3. Chen P.W., Ding Y.S., Chen Q., Huang F.L., and Yun S.R. Spherical nanometer-sized diamond obtained from detonation. Diamond Relat. Mater. 9 (2000) 1722-1725
4. Chen P.W., Huang F., and Yun S.R. Characterization of the condensed carbon in detonation soot. Carbon 41 (2003) 2093-2099
5. Clague A.D.H., Donnet J.B., Wang T.K., and Peng J.C.M. A comparison of diesel engine soot with carbon black. Carbon 37 (1999) 1553-1565
6. Donnet J.B., Lemoigne C., Wang T.K., Peng C.M., Samirant M., and Eckhardt A. Synthèse par explosive et par choc de nanodiamant. Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr. 134 (1997) 875-890
7. Dubé, P., Brochu, S., Brousseau, P., Thiboutot, S., Ampleman, G., Lewis, et al., 2004. Study of the environmental impacts of the blow-in-place procedure of various explosives, munitions and charges. DRDC Valcartier Report TR 2003-370.
8. Fernandes M.B., and Brooks P. Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues: II. Nonpolar organic compounds. Chemosphere 53 (2003) 447-458
9. Fernandes M.B., Skjemstad J.O., Johnson B.B., Wells J.D., and Brooks P. Characterization of carbonaceous combustion residues. I. Morphological, elemental and spectroscopic features. Chemosphere 51 (2003) 785-795
10. Goldstein J.I., Lyman C.E., Newbury D.E., Lifshin E., Echlin P., Sawyer L., et al. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis. third ed. (2003), Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, USA
11. Greiner, N.R., Hermes, R., 1989. Chemistry of detonation soot: diamonds, graphite and volatiles. In: Int. Symp. Det. Portland, OR, USA, pp. 1170-1184.
12. Greiner N.R., Philips D.S., Johnson J.D., and Volk F. Diamonds in detonation soot. Nature 333 (1988) 440-442
13. Hess W.M., and Herd C.R. Microstructure, morphology and general physical properties. In: Donnet J., Bansal R.C., and Wang M. (Eds). Carbon Black Science and Technology. second ed. (1993), Marcel Dekker, New York, USA 89-160
14. Iijima S. Nature 354 (1991) 56-57
15. Jenkins T.S., Hewitt A.D., Walsh M.E., Ranney T.A., Ramsey C.A., Grant C.L., and Bjella K.L. Representative sampling for energetic compounds at military training ranges. Environ. Forensics 6 (2005) 45-55
16. Kinoshita K. Carbon. Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties (1988), Wiley-Interscience Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York
17. Kühner G., and Voll M. Manufacture of carbon black. In: Donnet J., Bansal R.C., and Wang M. (Eds). Carbon Black Science and Technology. second ed. (1993), Marcel Dekker, New York, USA 1-65
18. Kuznetsov V.L., Chuvilin A.L., Moroz E.M., Kolomiichuk V.N., Shaikhutdinov S.K., and Butenko Y.V. Effect of explosion conditions on the structure of detonation soots: ultradisperse diamond and onion carbon. Carbon 32 5 (1994) 873-882
19. Malkov I.Y., and Titiov V.M. Structure and properties of detonation soot particles. AIP (Am. Inst. Phys.) Conf. Proc. 370 1 (1995) 783-786
20. Pennington, J.C., Jenkins, T.F., Ampleman, G., Thiboutot, S., Brannon, J., Clausen, J., et al., 2001. Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges. Interim Report 1, ERDC TR-01-13.
21. Pennington, J.C., Brannon, J.M., Mirecki, J.E., Jenkins, T.F., Ranney, T.A., Stark, J.A., et al., 2002. Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges. Interim Report 2, ERDC TR-02-8.
22. Pennington, J.C., Jenkins, T.F., Ampleman, G., Thiboutot, S., Brannon, Lewis J., et al., 2003. Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges. Interim Report 3, ERDC TR-03-2.
23. Pennington, J.C., Jenkins, T.F., Ampleman, G., Thiboutot, S., Brannon, J., Clausen, J., et al., 2004. Distribution and fate of energetics on DoD test and training ranges. Interim Report 4, ERDC TR-04-4.
24. Renoux A., Caumartin J., Thiboutot S., Ampleman G., and Sunahara G.I. Derivation of environmental soil quality guidelines for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene using the CCME approach. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 27 6 (2001) 1715-1735
25. Tao X., Kang X., and Jiazheng Z. TEM and HREM studies on ultradispersed diamonds containing soot formed by explosive detonation, letter. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 38 (1996) L1-L4
26. Thiboutot, S., Ampleman, G., Brochu, S., Martel, R., Sunahara, G., Hawari, J. et al., 2003. Protocol for energetic materials contaminated sites characterization. Final Report, vol. II, KTA 4-28. Available from: .
27. Warren B.E. X-ray diffraction in random layer lattices. Phys. Rev. 59 9 (1941) 693-700