Is Electrocardiography Still Useful in the Diagnosis of Cardiac Chamber Hypertrophy and Dilatation?

Cardiology Clinics

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 401-411

  Macfarlane, Peter W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b GLASGOW ROYAL INFIRMARY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANAMNESIS; ATHLETE; CARDIOMEGALY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HEART ATRIUM CONDUCTION; HEART ATRIUM ENLARGEMENT; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HEART DEPOLARIZATION; HEART DILATATION; HEART FAILURE; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE MASS; HEART MUSCLE CONDUCTION DISTURBANCE; HEART RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH BLOCK; HEART RIGHT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HEART VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY; HUMAN; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; P WAVE; PERICARDITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; QRS COMPLEX; REMISSION; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION; T WAVE; T WAVE INVERSION;

CARDIOMEGALY; CARDIOMYOPATHY, DILATED; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; HUMANS; SPORTS;

EID: 33747886890     PISSN: 07338651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2006.04.013     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Josephson M.E., Kastor J.A., and Morganroth J. Electrocardiographic left atrial enlargement. Electrophysiologic, echocardiographic and hemodynamic correlates. Am J Cardiol 39 (1977) 967-971
2. Chandraratna P.A.N., and Langevin E. On the significance of an abnormal P-terminal force in lead VI. Am Heart J 95 (1978) 267-268
3. Waggoner A.D., Adyanthaya A.V., Quinones M.A., et al. Left atrial enlargement. Echocardiographic assessment of electrocardiographic criteria. Circulation 54 (1976) 553-557
4. Macruz R., Perloff J.K., and Case R.H. A method for the electrocardiographic recognition of atrial enlargement. Circulation 17 (1958) 882-889
5. Genovesi-Ebert A., Marabotti C., Palombo C., et al. Electrocardiographic signs of atrial overload in hypertensive patients: indexes of abnormality of atrial morphology or function. Am Heart J 121 (1991) 1113-1118
6. Murphy M.L., Thenabadu P.N., de Soyza N., et al. Reevaluation of electrocardiographic criteria for left, right and combined cardiac ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Cardiol 53 (1984) 1140-1147
7. Cacho A., Prakash R., Sarma R., et al. Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy. Chest 84 (1983) 1547
8. Kushner F.G., Lam W., and Morganroth J. Apex sector echocardiography in evaluation of the right atrium in patients with mitral stenosis and atrial septal defect. Am J Cardiol 42 (1978) 7337
9. Chou T.-C., and Helm R.A. The pseudo P pulmonale. Circulation 32 (1965) 96-105
10. Kaplan J.D., Evans Jr. G.T., Foster E., et al. Evaluation of electrocardiographic criteria for right atrial enlargement by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 23 (1994) 747-752
11. Dixen U., Joens C., Rasmussen B.V., et al. Signal-averaged P wave duration and the dimensions of the atria. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 9 (2004) 309-315
12. Merckx K.L., De Vos C.B., Palmans A., et al. Atrial activation time determined by transthoracic Doppler tissue imaging can be used as an estimate of the total duration of atrial electrical activation. The Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography 18 (2005) 940-944
13. Peters R.M. The fractal dimension of atrial fibrillation: a new method to predict left atrial dimension from the surface electrocardiogram. Cardiology 92 (1999) 17-20
14. Huwez F.U., Pringle S.D., and Macfarlane P.W. A new classification of left ventricular geometry in patients with cardiac disease based on M-mode echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 70 (1992) 681-688
15. Huwez F.U. Electrocardiography of the left ventricle in coronary artery disease and hypertrophy. [Ph D thesis] (1990), University of Glasgow, Glasgow (Scotland)
16. Rautaharju P.M., Parks L.P., Gottdiener J.S., et al. Race- and sex-specific ECG models for left ventricular mass in older populations. Factors influencing overestimation of left ventricular hypertrophy prevalence by ECG criteria in African-Americans. J Electrocardiol 33 (2000) 205-218
17. Casale P.N., Devereux R.B., Alonso D.R., et al. Improved sex specific criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy for clinical and computer interpretation of electrocardiograms: validation with autopsy findings. Circulation 75 (1987) 565-572
18. Padmanabhan S., Connell J.M.C., Dominiczak A.F., et al. Heritability and genetic determinants of electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular mass-a two generation family study. J Hypertens 22 (2004) S180-S181
19. Macfarlane P.W., and Lawrie T.D.V. The normal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram. In: Macfarlane P.W., and Lawrie T.D.V. (Eds). Comprehensive electrocardiology (1989), Pergamon Press, Oxford (UK) 407-457
20. Rautaharju P.M., Zhou S.H., and Calhoun H.P. Ethnic differences in ECG amplitudes North American white, black and Hispanic men and women. J Electrocardiol 27 Suppl (2004) 20-31
21. Chen C.Y., Chiang B., and Macfarlane P.W. Normal limits of the electrocardiogram in a Chinese population. J Electrocardiol 22 (1989) 1-15
22. Yang T.-F., and Macfarlane P.W. Comparison of the derived vectorcardiogram in apparently healthy whites and Chinese. Chest 106 (1994) 1014-1020
23. Wu J., Kors J.A., Rijnbeek P.R., et al. Normal limits of the electrocardiogram in Chinese subjects. Int J Cardiol 87 (2003) 37-51
24. Okin P.M., Roman M.J., Devereux R.B., et al. Electrocardiographic identification of left ventricular hypertrophy: test performance in relation to definition of hypertrophy and presence of obesity. J Am Coll Cardiol 27 (1996) 124-131
25. Sokolow M., and Lyon T. The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as obtained by unipolar precordial and limb leads. Am Heart J 37 (1949) 161-186
26. Alfakih K., Walters K., Jones T., et al. New gender-specific partition values for ECG criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy. Recalibration against cardiac MRI. Hypertension 44 (2004) 175-179
27. In: Macfarlane P.W., and Lawrie T.D.V. (Eds). Comprehensive electrocardiology, vol. 3 (1989), Pergamon Press, Oxford (UK)
28. Casale P.N., Devereux R.B., Kligfield P., et al. Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy: development and prospective validation of improved criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol 6 (1985) 572-580
29. Molloy T.J., Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., et al. Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy by the simple QRS voltage-duration product. J Am Coll Cardiol 20 (1992) 1180-1186
30. Okin P.M., Roman M.J., Devereux R.B., et al. Electrocardiographic identification of increased left ventricular mass by simple voltage-duration products. J Am Coll Cardiol 25 (1995) 417-423
31. Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Liu J.E., et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts regression of echocardiographic left ventricular mass: The LIFE Study. J Human Hypertens 18 (2004) 403-409
32. Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Jern S., et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and prediction of major cardiovascular events: The LIFE Study. JAMA 292 (2004) 2343-2349
33. Moore R.B., Shapiro L.M., and Gibson D.G. Relation between electrocardiographic repolarisation changes and mechanical events in left ventricular hypertrophy. Br Heart J 52 (1984) 516-523
34. Verdecchia P., Schillaci G., Borgioni C., et al. Prognostic value of a new electrocardiographic method for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 31 (1998) 383-390
35. Kannel W.B., Gordon T., and Offut D. Left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram: prevalence, incidence, and mortality in the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 71 (1969) 89-105
36. Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Nieminen M.S., et al. Electrocardiographic strain pattern and prediction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension 44 (2004) 48-54
37. Okin P.M., Devereux R.B., Fabsitz R.R., et al. Quantitative assessment of electrocardiographic strain predicts increased left ventricular mass: The Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 40 (2002) 1395-1400
38. Pringle S.D., Macfarlane P.W., McKillop J.H., et al. Pathophysiologic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy and strain in asymptomatic patients with essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 13 (1989) 1377-1381
39. Romhilt D.W., and Estes Jr. E.H. A point-score system for the ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J 75 (1968) 752-758
40. Salles G., Leocadio S., Bloch K., et al. Combined QT interval and voltage criteria improve left ventricular hypertrophy detection in resistant hypertension. Hypertension 46 (2005) 1207-1212
41. Cuspidi C., Macca G., Sampieri L., et al. Influence of different echocardiographic criteria for detection of left ventricular hypertrophy on cardiovascular risk stratification in recently diagnosed essential hypertensives. J Hum Hypertens 15 (2001) 619-625
42. Havelda C.J., Sohi G.S., Flowers N.C., et al. The pathologic correlates of the electrocardiogram: complete left bundle branch block. Circulation 65 (1982) 445-451
43. Murphy M.L., Thenabadu P.N., de Soyza N., et al. Left atrial abnormality as an electrocardiographic criterion for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 52 (1983) 381-383
44. Vandenberg B., Sagar K., and Romhilt D. Electrocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of complete right bundle branch block. J Am Coll Cardiol 5 (1985) 511
45. Levy D., Salomon M., D'Agostino R.B., et al. Prognostic significance of baseline electrocardiographic features and their serial changes in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation 90 (1994) 1786-1793
46. Matthew J., Sleight P., Lonn E., et al. Reduction of cardiovascular risk by regression of electrocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy by the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril. Circulation 104 (2001) 1615-1621
47. Hsieh B.P., Pham M.X., and Froelicher V.F. Prognostic value of electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. Am Heart J 150 (2005) 161-167
48. Struthers A.D. The diagnosis of heart failure. Heart 84 (2000) 334-338
49. Zaphiriou A., Robb S., Murray-Thomas T., et al. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and NTproBNP in patients referred from primary care with suspected heart failure: results of the UK natriuretic peptide study. Eur J Heart Fail 7 (2005) 537-541
50. Kannel W.B., and Abbott R.D. Comparison of ECG-LVH and unrecognised myocardial infarction as predictors of overt cardiovascular events: The Framingham study. [abstract]. Circulation 70 Suppl. II (1984) 434
51. Dosh S.A. Diagnosis of heart failure in adults. Am Fam Physician 70 (2004) 2145-2152
52. Flowers N.C., and Horan L.G. Subtle signs of right ventricular enlargement and their relative importance. In: Schlant R.C., and Hurst J.W. (Eds). Advances in electrocardiography (1972), Grune and Stratton, New York 297-308
53. Chou T.-C., and Helm R. Clinical vectorcardiography (1967), Grune and Stratton, New York
54. Corrado D., Basso C., Rizzoli G., et al. Does sport activity enhance the risk of sudden death in adolescents and young adults?. J Am Coll Cardiol 42 (2003) 1959-1963
55. Fuller C. Physical examinations for young athletes. [letter]. Cleve Clin J Med 72 (2005) 176
56. A multidisciplinary study of right ventricular dysplasia. Available at: www.arvd.org. Accessed June 9, 2006.
57. Maron B.J., and Zipes D.P. 36th Bethesda Conference: Introduction Eligibility recommendations for competitive athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities. J Am Coll Cardiol 45 (2005) 1318-1321
58. European Society of Cardiology consensus document. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 26 (2005) 1422-1445