Sir Patrick Geddes and Barra Bazaar: Competing visions, ambivalence and contradiction

Journal of Architecture

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 131-150

  Beattie, Martin ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747874871     PISSN: 13602365     EISSN: 14664410     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1360236042000197835     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. For a more detailed discussion on these health themes refer to, article by the author, 'Colonial Space: Health and Modernity in Barabazaar, Kolkata,' Traditional Dwellings and Settlement Review, XIV, II (Spring 2003), pp. 7-19
2. M. Martin, The Despatches, Minutes and Correspondence of the Marquess Wellesley During his Administration in India, IV (London, W.H. Allen and Co., 1837), pp. 672, 673
3. Administration Report of the Calcutta Municipality, 1872 (Oriental and India Office Collection, The British Library, V/24/2866), p. 6
4. S. Chattopadhyay, Depicting Calcutta (University of California, PhD in Architecture, 1997), p. 80
5. F.G. Clemow, and W.C. Hossak, Report upon the Sanitary Condition of Ward VII (Burra Bazaar), Calcutta (Calcutta, Caledonian Steam Printing Press, 1899), p. ii
6. S. Kaviraj, 'Filth and the Public Sphere: Concepts and Practices about Space in Calcutta,' Public Culture, 10, 1 (1997), pp. 83-113, p. 97
7. For a more detailed discussion of these narratives refer to, article by the author, 'Colonial Space: Health and Modernity in Barabazaar, Kolkata,' op. cit., pp. 7-19
8. Kaviraj, 'Filth and the Public Sphere,' op. cit., p. 100
9. M. Bakhtin, The Dialogic Imagination, M. Holquist (ed.), C. Emerson and M. Holquist (trans.) (Austin and London, University of Texas Press, 1981). Bakhtin makes a fundamental distinction between two types of hybridity, namely 'organic' and 'intentional.' Organic hybridity explains how cultures evolve historically through unreflective borrowings, appropriations and exchanges, fusing or merging a new language or world view. Intentional hybridity sets different views against each other in a conflictuel structure, which retains, 'a certain elemental, organic energy and openendedness.'
10. H.K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London and New York, Routledge, 1994), p. 156
11. These include: D. Chakrabarty, 'Of Garbage, Modernity and the Citizen's Gaze,' Economic and Political Weekly, March 7-14 (1992), pp. 541-547
12. and, 'Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for 'Indian' Pasts?' Representations, 37 (Winter 1992), pp. 1-26
13. and, 'Modernity and Ethnicity in India,' in D. Bennett (ed.), Multicultural States Rethinking Difference and Identity (London, Routledge, 1998)
14. and, Provincializing Europe Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2001)
15. S. Chattopadhyay, Depicting Calcutta (University of California, PhD in Architecture, 1997)
16. S. Kaviraj, 'Filth and the Public Sphere, op. cit., pp. 83-113
17. For books on Geddes' work in India refer to: J. Tyrwhitt, (ed.), Patrick Geddes in India (London, Lund Humphries, 1947)
18. H. Meller, Patrick Geddes Social Evolutionist and City Planner (London, Routledge, 1997)
19. P. Boardman, The Worlds of Patrick Geddes Biologist, Town Planner, Re-educator, Peace-warrior (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978)
20. Patrick Geddes, 'The Temple Cities,' Modern Review, (India) 25. He also wrote about temple cities in a letter to his family, 7 January 1915 (Sir Patrick Geddes Collection, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, NLS MS10515)
21. H. Meller, Patrick Geddes Social Evolutionist and City Planner, op. cit., pp. 218-220
22. M. Noble, The Web of Indian Life (London, William Heinemann, 1904)
23. C.M. Villiers-Stuart, Gardens of the Great Mughals (London, Adam and Charles Black, 1913)
24. Meller, Patrick Geddes, op. cit., p. 219
25. Dr. J.A. Turner, with contributions by B.K. Goldsmith, S.C. Hormusji, K.B. Shroff and L. Godinho, Sanitation in India (Bombay, Times of India, 1914)
26. P. Geddes, Reports on the Towns in the Madras Presidency visited by Professor Geddes 1914-1915 (Madras, Government Press, 1915)
27. P. Geddes, Barra Bazaar Improvement a Report to the Corporation of Calcutta (Calcutta, Corporation Press, 1919), p. 28
28. Quotation taken from J. Tyrwhitt (ed.), Patrick Geddes in India, op. cit., p. 41
29. M. Chatterjee, 'Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future,' in S. Chaudhuri (ed.) Calcutta the Living City, Vol. II (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990), p. 139
30. E.P. Richards, Report By Request of the Trust on the Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta and Contiguous Areas (Ware, Jennings and Bewley, 1914)
31. For an overview of E.P. Richards' proposed improvements refer to, Chatterjee, 'Town Planning in Calcutta: Past, Present and Future,' op. cit., p. 141
32. Richards, Report on the Condition, Improvement and Town Planning of the City of Calcutta, op. cit., p. 229
33. Annual Report on the Operations of the Calcutta Improvement Trust, 1913-14 (Calcutta Improvement Trust, 1914), p. 1
34. Annual Report on the Operations of the Calcutta Improvement Trust, 1916-17, op. cit., pp. 18, 19
35. Quotation taken from Meller, Patrick Geddes, op. cit., p. 208
36. Geddes, Barra Bazaar Improvement, op. cit., p. 30
37. Report on the Municipal Administration of Calcutta for the Year 1919-20 (Calcutta, Corporation Press, 1920), pp. 17-18
38. In a letter from the Marwari Association of Calcutta, to the CIT, dated 26 March 1912, the Secretary, Ram Dev Chokhany, whilst acknowledging the difficulties of displacing people from their homes and the need to keep any rise in land and property prices to a minimum, argues for a significant road-widening programme. Source: Report on the Municipal Administration of Calcutta for the Year 1912-13 (Calcutta, Corporation Press, 1913), pp. 27-30
39. P. Geddes, Barra Bazaar Improvement, op. cit., p. 27
40. Bhabha, Location of Culture, op. cit., p. 105