The Effectiveness of Hippotherapy for Children With Language-Learning Disabilities

Communication Disorders Quarterly

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 205-217

  Macauley, Beth L ^a   Gutierrez, Karla M ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747847960     PISSN: 15257401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/15257401040250040501     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. American Hippotherapy Association. (n.d.). Terminology. Retrieved December 23, 2002, from http://narha.org/sec_aha/term.asp
2. Beckman, S. (1992). Tall in the saddle: A woman on horseback rides out a learning disability. Interaction, 2(3), 5–7.
3. Benda, W., McGibbon, N.H., Grant, K., & Davis, M. (2003). Improvement in muscle symmetry in children with cerebral palsy after equine-assisted therapy (hippotherapy). Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 9(6), 817–825.
4. Bertoti, D. (1988). Effects of therapeutic horseback riding on posture in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 66(2), 1505–1512.
5. Carlson, E. (1983). The effects of a program of therapeutic horsemanship on the self-concept and locus of control orientation of the learning disabled. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, United States International University, San Diego, California.
6. Cawley, R., Cawley, C., & Retter, J. (1986). Therapeutic horseback riding and self-concept in adolescents with special educational needs. Anthrozoos, 7(2), 129–130.
7. Delta Society. (n.d.). About animal-assisted activities & animal-assisted therapy. Retrieved December 23, 2002, from http://deltasociety.org/aboutaaat.htm
8. Dismuke, R. (1981). Rehabilitative horseback riding for children with language disorders. In R. K. Anderson, B. L. Hart, & L. A. Hart (Eds.), Pet Connection (pp. 154–188). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
9. Dismuke, R. (1985). Horseback riding provides setting for experiential therapy. ASHA, 27(4), 12.
10. Emory, D.K. (1992). Effects of therapeutic horsemanship on the self-concept and behavior of asocial adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: University of Maine, Orono.
11. Fadem, B. (2004). Behavioral science in medicine. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins.
12. Glasow, B.L. (1985). Abnormal movement blocks in cerebral palsy and their correction in hippotherapy. Paper presented to the North American Riding for the Handicapped Association Annual Conference, Chicago, Illinois.
13. Haehl, V., Guiliani, C., & Lewis, C. (1999). Influence of hippotherapy on the kinematics and functional performance of two children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 11, 89–101.
14. Heine, B., & Benjamin, J. (2000). Therapy on horseback. Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists & Audiologists, 26, 20–21.
15. Klimas, N. (2001). Animal-assisted therapy. Advance for Speech-Language Pathologists & Audiologists, 2, 9-10
16. Kluewer, C. (1987). Social and therapeutic effects of a therapeutic riding/ hippotherapy. People-Animals-Environment, 5(2), 28–30.
17. Lerner, J. (2000). Learning disabilities: Theories, diagnosis, and teaching strategies (9th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
18. Macauley, B.L. (2003). Neurophysiological foundations of hippotherapy within speech-language pathology. American Hippotherapy Association Preconference workshop, Phoenix, Arizona.
19. Macauley, B.L., & Lombardino, L.J. (2004). The effects of hippotherapy on respiration and motor speech. Manuscript submitted for publication.
20. McGibbon, N., Andrade, C., Widener, G., & Cintas, H. (1998). Effect of an equine-movement therapy program on gait, energy expenditure, and motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 40, 754–762.
21. Mercer, C. (2000). Teaching students with learning problems (6th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
22. Miniutti, A. (1991). Language deficiencies in inner-city children with learning and behavioral problems. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 22, 31–38.
23. Norman, D. (2002). Cognition and affect. Ubiquity, 13. Retrieved February 16, 2004, from http://www.acm.org/ubiquity/interviews/d_norman_2.html
24. Riede, D. (1987). The relationship between man and horse with reference to medicine throughout the ages. People-Animals-Environment, 5(2), 26– 28.
25. Dog day afternoons: The Reading Education Assistance Dogs (R.E.A.D.) program. (2000). School Library Journal. Retrieved February 17, 2004, from http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/index.asp?layout=article&articleId=CA153308
26. Semel, E., Wiig, E., & Secord, W. (1995). Clinical evaluation of language fundamentals –Third edition. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
27. Tucker, S. (1994). Effects of equine therapy on self-concept, locus of control, impulsivity, and hopelessness in adolescent males. Unpublished master's thesis. University of Colorado, Denver.
28. U.S. Department of Education. (2002). Digest of educational statistics, 2002. Washington, DC: Author.
29. Wiig, E.H., & Semel, E.M. (1975). Productive language abilities in learning disabled adolescents. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8, 578–586.
30. Wiig, E.H., & Semel, E.M. (1984). Language assessment and intervention for the learning disabled. Columbus, OH: Merrill.
31. Yasutake, D., & Bryan, T. (1995). The influence of affect on the achievement and behavior of students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28(6), 329–334.
32. Young, J. (2004). Emotional and mental health. Retrieved June 21, 2004, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/complementary/staying_mental.shtm