Spectral imaging of proton aurora and twilight at Tromsø, Norway

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 109, Issue A7, 2004, Pages

  Galand, M ^a   Baumgardner, J ^a   Pallamraju, D ^a   Chakrabarti, S ^a   Lovhaug, U P ^b   Lummerzheim, D ^c   Lanchester, B S ^d   Rees, M H ^d  

^a Boston University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Auroral spectroscopy; Balmer decrement; Calibration technique; Geocoronal emission; H Balmer lines; Proton aurora

Indexed keywords

EID: 33747834634     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003JA010033     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Basu, B., J. R. Jasperse, R. M. Robinson, R. R. Vondrak, and D. S. Evans (1987), Linear transport theory of auroral proton precipitation: A comparison with observations, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5920-5932.
2. Baumgardner, J., B. Flynn, and M. Mendillo (1993), Monochromatic imaging instrumentation for applications in aeronomy of the Earth and planets, Opt. Eng., 32, 3028-3032.
3. Bernstein, R. A., W. L. Freedman, and B. F. Madore (2002), The first detections of the extragalactic background light at 3000, 5500, and 8000Å (II): Measurement of foreground zodiacal light, Astrophys. J., 571, 85-106.
4. Chakrabarti, S., D. Pallamraju, J. Baumgardner, and J. Vaillancourt (2001), HiTIES: A High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph for ground-based visible airglow and auroral studies, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 30,337-30,348.
5. Curcio, J. A., L. F. Drummeter, and G. L. Knestrick (1964), An atlas of the absorption spectrum of the lower atmosphere from 5400 A to 8520 A, Appl. Opt., 3, 1401-1409.
6. Deehr, C., and D. Lummerzheim (2001), Ground-based optical observations of hydrogen emission in the auroral substorm, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 33-44.
7. Deehr, C. S., D. A. Lorentzen, F. Sigernes, and R. W. Smith (1998), Dayside auroral hydrogen emission as an aeronomic signature of magnetospheric boundary layer processes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2111-2114.
8. Eather, R. H. (1967), Auroral proton precipitation and hydrogen emissions, Rev. Geophys., 5, 207-285.
9. Eather, R. H., and F. Jacka (1966), Auroral hydrogen emission, Aust. J. Phys., 19, 241-214.
10. Frey, H. U., S. B. Mende, C. W. Carlson, J.-C. Gérard, B. Hubert, J. Spann, R. Gladstone, and T. J. Immel (2001), The electron and proton aurora as seen by IMAGE-FUV and FAST, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1135-1138.
11. Galand, M., J. Lilensten, W. Kofman, and R. B. Sidje (1997), Proton transport model in the ionosphere: 1. Multistream approach of the transport equations, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,261-22,272.
12. Galand, M., J. Lilensten, W. Kofman, and D. Lummerzheim (1998), Proton transport model in the ionosphere: 2. Influence of magnetic mirroring and collisions on the angular redistribution in a proton beam, Ann. Geophys., 16, 1308-1321.
13. Galand, M., T. J. Fuller-Rowell, and M. V. Codrescu (2001), Response of the upper atmosphere to auroral protons, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 127-139.
14. Galand, M., D. Lummerzheim, A. W. Stephan, B. C. Bush, and S. Chakrabarti (2002), Electron and proton aurora observed spectroscopically in the far ultraviolet, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A7), 1129, doi:10.1029/2001JA000235.
15. Rees, M. H. (1989), Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere, Cambridge Atmos. Space Sci Ser., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
16. Reynolds, R. J. (1997), Ionizing the galaxy, Science, 277, 1446-1447.
17. Samson, J. C., L. R. Lyons, P. T. Newell, F. Creutzberg, and B. Xu (1992), Proton aurora and substorm intensifications, J. Geophys. Res., 19, 2167-2170.
18. Senior, C. (1991), Solar and particle contributions to auroral height-integrated conductivities from EISCAT data: A statistical study, Ann. Geophys., 9, 449-460.
19. Sigernes, F., D. A. Lorentzen, C. S. Deehr, and K. Henriksen (1994a), Calculation of auroral Balmer volume emission height profiles in the upper atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 56, 503-508.
20. Sigeenes, F., G. Fasel, C. S. Deehr, R. W. Smith, D. A. Lorentzen, L. T. Wetjen, and K. Henriksen (1994b), Proton aurora on the dayside, Geomagn. Aeron., 34, 69-75.
21. Sigernes, F., G. Fasel, J. Minow, C. S. Deehr, R. W. Smith, D. A. Lorentzen, L. T. Wetjen, and K. Henriksen (1996), Calculations and ground-based observations of pulsed proton events in the dayside aurora, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 1281-1291.
22. β emission in a postbreakup auroral glow, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 1851-1859.
23. Srivastava, V., and V. Singh (1987), Model calculation of hydrogen Balmer emissions under various modes of proton precipitation, Adv. Space Res., 70(8), 21-25.
24. Stamnes, K., and G. Witt (1985), The effect of light scattering and diffuse reflection on atmospheric spectral measurements, paper presented at the 13th Annual Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, Oslo, Aug.
25. Strickland, D. J., R. E. Daniell Jr., J. R. Jasperse, and B. Basu (1993), Transport-theoretic model for the electron-proton-hydrogen atom aurora: 2. Model results, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 21,533-21,548.
26. Strickland, D. J., J. Bishop, J. S. Evans, T. Majeed, R. J. Cox, D. Morrison, G. J. Romick, J. F. Carbary, L. J. Paxton, and C.-I. Meng (2001), Midcourse Space Experiment/Ultraviolet and Visible Imaging and Spectrographic Imaging limb observations of combined proton/hydrogen/electron aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 65-75.
27. Takahashi, Y., and H. Fukunishi (2001), The dynamics of the proton aurora in auroral breakup events, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 45-63.
28. Vallance-Jones, A., F. Creutzberg, R. L. Gattinger, and F. R. Harris (1982), Auroral studies with a chain of meridian-scanning photometers: 1. Observations of proton and electron aurora in magnetospheric substorms, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 4489-4503.
29. 2, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 6006-6010.
30. 2 atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1701-1710.
31. Vegard, L. (1948), Emission spectra of night sky and aurora, in Reports of the Gassiot Committee, p. 82, Phys. Soc. London, London.
32. Zwick, H. H., and G. G. Shepherd (1963), Some observations of hydrogen-line profiles in the aurora, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 25, 604-607.
33. Galand, M., J. Baumgardner, S. Chakrabarti, U. P. Løvhaug, B. Isham, J. Jussila, D. Lummerzheim, D. Evans, and F. Rich (2003), Proton aurora over EISCAT: Optical signature and associated ionospheric perturbations, in Proceedings of the 30th Annual European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, August 13-17, 2003, edited by F. Sigernes and D. A. Lorentzen, pp. 2-8, Univ. Courses on Svalbard Publ., Long-yearbyen, Norway.
34. α, [S II], and [N II] toward the Orion and Perseus arms: Probing the physical conditions of the warm ionized medium, Astrophys. J., 523, 223-233.
35. Hardy, D. A., M. S. Gussenhoven, and R. Raistrick (1987), Statistical and functional representations of the pattern of auroral energy flux, number flux, and conductivity, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 12,275-12,294.
36. Hardy, D. A., M. S. Gussenhoven, and D. Brautigam (1989), A statistical model of auroral ion precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 370-392.
37. Hedin, A. E. (1991), Extension of the MSIS thermosphere model into the middle and lower atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 1159-1172.
38. Ishimoto, M., G. R. Romick, C.-I. Meng, and R. E. Huffman (1989), Doppler shift of auroral Lyman a observed from a satellite, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 143-146.
39. Kerr, R. B., and J. H. Hecht (1996), Measurement of geocoronal Balmer alpha in the auroral zone, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 189-194.
40. Kerr, R. B., et al. (2001a), Periodic variations of geocoronal Balmer-alpha brightness due to solar-driven exospheric abundance variations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28,797-28,818.
41. Kerr, R. B., et al. (2001b), Secular variability of the geocoronal Balmer-alpha brightness: Magnetic activity and possible human influences, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28,819-28,830.
42. Kurucz, R. L., I. Furenlid, J. Brault, and L. Testerman (1984), Solar flux atlas from 296 to 1300 nm, in National Obsenatory Atlas, vol. 1, Nat. Sol. Observ., Sunspot, N. M.
43. Lanchester, B. S., M. Galand, S. C. Robertson, M. H. Rees, D. Lummerzheim, I. Furniss, L. M. Peticolas, H. U. Frey, J. Baumgardner, and M. Mendillo (2003), High resolution measurements and modeling of auroral hydrogen emission line profiles, Ann. Geophys., 21, 1629-1643.
44. Lilensten, J., and M. Galand (1998), Proton-electron precipitation effects on the electron production and density above EISCAT (Tromso) and ESR, Ann. Geophys., 16, 1299-1307.
45. Lorentzen, D. A., F. Sigernes, and C. S. Deehr (1998), Modeling and observations of dayside auroral hydrogen emission Doppler profiles, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,479-17,488.
46. β emission line in proton aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23-31.
47. Lummerzheim, D., M. H. Rees, and G. J. Romick (1990), The application of spectroscopic studies of the aurora to thermospheric neutral composition, Planet Space Sci, 38, 67-78.
48. Meinel, A. B. (1951), Doppler-shifted auroral hydrosen emission, Astrophys. J., 113, 50-54.
49. Mende, S. B., H. U. Frey, M. Lampton, J.-C. Gerard, B. Hubert, S. Fuselier, J. Spann, R. Gladstone, and J. L. Burch (2001), Global observations of proton and electron auroras in a substorm, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1139-1142.
50. α Mapper Fabry-Perot facility, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5605-5616.
51. Pallamraju, D., J. Baumgardner, S. Chakrabarti, and T. R. Pedersen (2001), Simultaneous ground-based observations of an auroral arc in daytime/twilighttime OI 630.0 nm emission and by incoherent scatter radar, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 5543-5549.
52. Pallamraju, D., J. Baumgardner, and S. Chakrabarti (2002), HIRISE: A ground-based high-resolution imaging spectrograph using echelle grating for measuring daytime airglow/auroral emissions, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 64, 1581-1587.
53. Paresce, F., S. Chakrabarti, S. Bowyer, and R. Kimble (1983), The extreme ultraviolet spectrum of dayside and nightside aurorae: 800-1400 Å, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 4905-4910.
54. Rees, M. H. (1982), On the interaction of auroral protons with the Earth's atmosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 30, 463-472.