Bottlenecks in international police and judicial cooperations in the EU

European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 343-360

  Tak, Peter J P ^a  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 33747795827     PISSN: 09289569     EISSN: 15718174     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/15718170020519238     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. P.J.P. Tak, Heimelijke Opsporing in de Europese Uni (Covert policing in the EU Member-States), (Antwerp 2000) 842 pp.
2. Compare for example the 1990 Schengen (execution) agreement
3. the 1995 Europol agreement
4. the 1997 Agreement on mutual assistance and cooperation between customs administrations.
5. See for example Opsporing in uitvoering, Rapport van de Tijdelijk commissie evaluatie opsporingsmethoden, Dutch Second Chamber, parliamentary sessions 1998-1999, 26269, nos. 4-5, pp. 136-137.
6. B. Zagaris, 'US International Cooperation against Transnational Organized Crime', International Review of Penal Law (1999) pp. 497-538, points out that 'the use of US liaison officers has caused problems in practice, such as when liaison officers have not respected the statutes, practices, and customs of enforcement in the host country', p. 506.
7. See B. de Smet, Internationale samenwerking in strafzaken tussen Angelsaksische en continentale landen (Antwerp 1999) pp. 6-7.
8. K.F. Nagel, Beweisaufname im Ausland, Rechtsgrundlagen und Praxis der internationalen Rechtshilfe für deutsche Strafverfahren (Freiburg i.Br. 1988) pp. 21-33.
9. A. Klip, Buitenlandse getuigen in strafzaken (Arnhem 1994) p. 249
10. and also 'Exterritorial Investigations', in B. Swart and A. Klip, eds., International Criminal Law in the Netherlands (Freiburg i.Br. 1997) p. 215.
11. See C. Markees, 'The Difference in Concept between Civil and Common Law Countries to Judicial Assistance and Cooperation in Criminal Matters', in M.C. Bassiouni and V.P. Nanda, A Treatise on International Criminal Law, Vol. II Jurisdiction and Cooperation (Illinois 1973) pp. 171-188.
12. See Rotterdam court 12 September 1986, NJ 1987, no. 476 and 's-Gravenhage court 29 June 1984, NJ 1985, no. 815.
13. See E.A. Nadelmann, 'Cops across Borders: The Internationalization of US Criminal Law Enforcement', University Park, Pa (1993) pp. 208-246
14. and C. Gane and M. Mackarel, 'The Admissibility of Evidence Obtained from Abroad into Criminal Proceedings', 4 European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice (1996) pp. 98-119.
15. See Y. Buruma, 'Internet en Strafrecht', Handelingen Nederlandse Juristen Vereniging (1998) pp. 167-171
16. and C. van den Wyngaert, 'The Transformations of International Criminal Law as a Response to the Challenge of Organized Crime', International Review of Penal Law (Deventer 1999) pp. 188-189.
17. See J. Vogel, 'Combating International Organized Crime by International Cooperation: The German View', 70 Revue International de Droit Pénal (1999) pp. 355-359.
18. J. Pradel, Procédure Pénale (Paris 1997) pp. 319-322.
19. See C. van den Wyngaert, Strafrecht en strafprocesrecht in hoofdlijnen (Antwerp 1999) pp. 903-910.
20. See also A.L. T-Choo abd S. Nash, 'What's the Matter with Section 78', Criminal Law Review (1999) pp. 929-940.
21. For an extended treatment see H.G. van der Wilt, Bewijs en kleine rechtshulp (1999) pp. 525-531.
22. See B. Swart, 'Cops Across Borders, Witness in Court', in M. Bulterman et al., eds., To Baehr in Our Minds; Essays on Human Rights from the Heart of the Netherlands, SIM, Special no. 21 (Utrecht 1998) pp. 386-397
23. and also Amsterdam-Brussels (-Luxembourg): 'de Strafrechter en de derder pijler', in B. Swart, Amsterdam-Brussels-Luxembourg-Strasbourg, 2 Prinsengracht Series (1999) p. 34.
24. See (among others) C. Fijnaut, ed., The Internationalization of Police Cooperation in Western Europe (Arnhem 1993);
25. S. Brammertz, S. de Vreede and J. Thys, Collaboration Policière Transfrontalière (Brussels 1993)
26. and M. Soiné, ed., Rechtsprobleme der internationalen polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit (Baden-Baden 1999);
27. J. Schutte, 'Police Cooperation', in B. Swart and A. Klip, eds., op. cit. Rechtsprobleme der internationalen polizeilichen Zusammenarbeit, pp. 145-173
28. and L. van Outrive, 'Grensoverschrijdende politiële samenwerking: problemen omtrent de problemen', in G.P.M.F. Mols, ed., Dissonantes bij het akkoord van Schengen (Deventer 1990) pp. 28-35;
29. G. Soulier, 'Le Traité d'Amsterdam et la coopération policière et judiciaire en matière pénale', Revue de Science Criminelle et de Droit Pénal Comparé (1998) pp. 237-254;
30. Ch. Joubert, H. Bevers, Politiële samenwerking: Europe (Arnhem 1994);
31. idem., Schengen Investigated (The Hagueet al., 1996);
32. M. den Boer, ed., Undercover Policing and Accountability from an International Perspective (Maastricht 1997)
33. and idem., 'Internationale politiesamenwerking', in C.J.C. F. Fijnaut, E.R. Muller and U. Rosenthal, eds., Politie. Studies over haar werking en organisatie (Alphen aan den Rijn 1999) pp. 577-617.
34. Among others H. Lisken, 'Europol - ein Symptom des Verfassungswandels', 78 DRiZ (1998) pp. 75-78.
35. See for example E.B. Mulder and K.P. Zuidhof, eds., Integrale Veiligheid in Europa: heden en toekomst, NPI ('s-Gravenhage 1998).
36. J. Verbeek et al., Politie en Intranet (Deventer 1999) (on police data exchange in the European regions);
37. S. Brammertz, Grenzüberschreitende polizeiliche Zusammenarbeit am Beispiel der Euregio Maas-Rhein (Freiburg i.Br. 1999).
38. Compare also G. Hofstede et al., Grensoverschrijdende politiesamenwerking tussen België, Duitsland en Nederland met speciale aandacht voor de Euregio Maas-Rijn (Maastricht 1993).
39. See among others G. Koriath, 'Verdeckte Ermittler. Ein europaweit taugliches Instrument?', 50 Kriminalistik (1996) pp. 535-541
40. Codes of Practice. Covert Law Enforcement Techniques.
41. Inzake Opsporing, Rapport van de Enquêtecommissie Opsporingsmethoden ('s-Gravenhage 1996) pp. 419-421.
42. 'Richtlijn Afspraken met criminelen', Parliamentary Papers, Session 1996-1997, no. 25296
43. and 'Voorstel van wet toezegging aan getuigen in Strafzaken', Parliamentary Papers, Session 1998-1999, no. 26294.
44. Opsporing in uitvoering, op. cit.
45. Opsporing in uitvoering, op. cit., p. 136.
46. Compare R. Reiner, 'The Royal Commission on Criminal Justice. Investigative Powers and Safeguards for Suspects', Criminal Law Review (1993) pp. 808-816.
47. Compare P.T.C. van Kampen, Expert Evidence Compared, Rules and Practices in the Dutch and American Criminal Justice System (Antwerp 1998) pp. 161-236.
48. Compare C. Fijnaut, De toelating van raadslieden tot het politiële verdachtenverhoor (Arnhem 1987).
49. C. Tapper, Cross and Tapper on Evidence (London 1995) p. 278.
50. Archbold News (1999), no. 5, pp. 5-8.
51. Compare A.F. Jennings, 'Recent Developments in the Law Relating to the Right to Silence', Archbold News (1999), no. 5, pp. 5-8.
52. C. Tapper, op. cit. Archbold News, pp. 245-247.
53. Compare for example for Italy, P.J.P. Tak, 'Enkele hoofdlijnen van de nieuwe Italiaanse Strafvordering', DD (1992) pp. 308-322
54. and Th. Weigend, Absprachen in ausländischen Strafverfahren (Freiburg i.Br. 1990)
55. and A. Ashworth, The Criminal Process (Oxford 1994) pp. 257-281.
56. Compare P.J.P. Tak, 'Das Ermittlungsverfahren in den Niederlanden und seine Bedeutung für die Hauptverhandlung', 112 ZStW (2000) pp. 170-201.
57. Compare the recently introduced mini-preliminary-enquiry in the Netherlands, Code of Criminal Procedure Articles 36a-36c. See C.P.M. Cleiren and J.F. Nijboer, Strafvordering, Tekst en Commentaar (Deventer 1999) pp. 94-98.
58. M. van Twuyver, J. Soeters, 'Internationalisering bij de politie; politiesamenwerking binnen de Euregie Maas-Rijn', Bestuurskunde (1995) pp. 244-252.
59. See for cross-border observation in the context of the Schengen execution agreement C. Joubert and H. Bevers, op. cit. Bestuurskunde, pp. 137-145.
60. Parliamentary Papers, Session 1998-1999, no. 26345, subno. 1, p. 26. Regarding LURIS, see Opportuun (6) 2000, pp. 20-21.
61. Compare for example G. Koriath, 'Normative Systems and Authorization Procedures: An Operational Perspective', in M. den Boer, ed., op. cit. Opportuun, pp. 87-94.
62. Compare U. Nelles, 'Europeäisierung des Strafverfahrens - Strafprozessrecht für Europa?', 109 ZStW (1997) pp. 728-756.
63. Compare E. Zappala, 'Le procès pénal italien entre système inquisitoire et système accusatoire', 68 Revue International de Droit Pénal (1997) pp. 111-124.
64. W. Pizzi, L. Marafioti, 'The New Italian Code of Criminal Procedure: the Difficulties of Building an Adversarial Trial System on a Civil Law Foundation', The Yale Journal of International Law (1992) pp. 1-40.
65. Compare N. Boari, 'On the Efficiency of Penal Systems: Several Lessons from the Italian Experience', International Review of Law and Economics (1997) pp. 115-126.
66. Th. Weigend, 'Die Reform des Strafverfahrens, Europäische und deutsche Tendenzen und Probleme', 104 ZStW (1992) pp. 486-512
67. and A. Eser, 'Entwicklung des Strafverfahrensrechts in Europa', 109 ZStW (1997) pp. 86-127.
68. Compare B. de Smet, op. cit. ZStW, pp. 102-111.