The making of the liberal arts college identity

Daedalus

Volumn 128, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 1-25

  Hawkins, Hugh ^a  

^a AMHERST COLLEGE   (United States)

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EID: 33747755804     PISSN: 00115266     EISSN: 15486192     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Readers seeking a survey of all of American higher education over a longer period can consult John S. Brubacher and Willis Rudy, Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities, 1636-1968 (New York: Harper & Row, 1968);
2. Christopher J. Lucas, American Higher Education: A History (New York: St. Martin's, 1994);
3. or Frederick Rudolph, The American College and University: A History (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962).
4. Two valuable recent works, more narrowly focused, are Richard M. Freeland, Academia's Golden Age: Universities in Massachusetts, 1945-1970 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992)
5. and Philip Gleason, Contending with Modernity: Catholic Higher Education in the Twentieth Century (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).
6. "The Yale Report of 1828," in American Higher Education: A Documentary History, ed. Richard Hofstadter and Wilson Smith (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1961), 1:278-279.
7. Edward Danforth Eddy, Jr., Colleges for Our Land and Time: The Land-Grant Idea in American Education (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957), esp. 32-33.
8. Bruce A. Kimball, Orators & Philosophers: A History of the Idea of Liberal Education (New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1986).
9. Hugh Hawkins, Between Harvard and America: The Educational Leadership of Charles W. Eliot (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972), esp. 88-91, 125-127, 187.
10. Laurence R. Veysey, The Emergence of the American University (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1965), esp. 194-206.
11. George E. Peterson, The New England College in the Age of the University (Amherst, Mass.: Amherst College Press, 1964), chap. 4.
12. For an exemplary exploration of the shifting composition of boards of trustees, see David B. Potts, Wesleyan University, 1831-1910: Collegiate Enterprise in New England (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1992).
13. W. Bruce Leslie, Gentlemen and Scholars: College and Community in the "Age of the University," 1865-1917 (University Park, Pa.: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992).
14. Barbara Miller Solomon, In the Company of Educated Women: A History of Women and Higher Education in America (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985), 189-192.
15. See also Lynn D. Gordon, Gender and Higher Education in the Progressive Era (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990).
16. This paragraph and the following two draw on Hugh Hawkins, Banding Together: The Rise of National Associations in American Higher Education, 1887-1950 (Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992).
17. Veysey, Emergence of the American University, 210-212.
18. This paragraph and the next two draw on David O. Levine, The American College and the Culture of Aspiration, 1915-1940 (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1986).
19. On the "collegiate syndrome" at universities, see Roger L. Geiger, To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities, 1900-1940 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 115-139.
20. Marcia Graham Synnott, The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900-1970 (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1979);
21. Harold S. Wechsler, The Qualified Student: A History of Selective College Admission in America (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977).
22. Here I draw broadly on The Secularization of the Academy, ed. George M. Marsden and Bradley J. Longfield (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992)
23. and William C. Ringenberg, The Christian College: A History of Protestant Higher Education in America (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1984).
24. Paula S. Fass, The Damned and the Beautiful: American Youth in the 1920s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977)
25. is usefully supplemented by Raymond Wolters, The New Negro on Campus: Black College Rebellions of the 1920s (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1975).
26. Levine, American College, chap. 9.
27. Frederick Rudolph, Curriculum: A History of the American Undergraduate Course of Study Since 1636 (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1977), esp. 230-231.
28. Hawkins, Banding Together, chap. 8.
29. Ellen W. Schrecker, No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986).
30. For the difficulties of statistical exactitude regarding liberal arts colleges, see the essays in this issue by Alexander W. Astin and by Michael S. McPherson and Morton Owen Schapiro. See also Charles J. Anderson et al., comps., Fact Book on Higher Education (New York: Macmillan, 1989), 138.
31. On presidential challenges see Clark Kerr and Marian L. Gade, The Many Lives of Academic Presidents: Time, Place and Character (Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 1986).
32. Integrity in the College Curriculum: A Report to the Academic Community (Washington, D.C.: Association of American Colleges, 1985);
33. William J. Bennett, To Reclaim a Legacy: A Report on the Humanities in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: National Endowment for the Humanities, 1984).
34. Russell Kirk, Decadence and Renewal in the Higher Learning: An Episodic History of American University and College since 1953 (South Bend, Ind.: Gateway Editions, 1978).
35. Eric L. Dey, Alexander W. Astin, and William S. Korn, The American Freshman: Twenty-five Year Trends, 1966-1990 (Los Angeles: Higher Education Research Institute, 1991), 23.