Using holography to increase the light output efficiency of an organic light-emitting diode-angular, wavelength, and near-field effects

Optical Engineering

Volumn 44, Issue 11, 2005, Pages

  Liu, Hua Kuang ^a   Hsueh, Han Tsung ^b   Chang, Chen ^c  

^a Lumin Inc   (United States)

^b NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^c YUAN ZE UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

Diffraction efficiency; External light efficiency; Hologram; Near field; Organic light emitting diodes; Subwavelength

Indexed keywords

DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD; HOLOGRAMS; HOLOGRAPHY; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS; WAVE PROPAGATION;

DIFFRACTION EFFICIENCY; EXTERNAL LIGHT EFFICIENCY; ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES; SUBWAVELENGTH;

LIGHT EMITTING DIODES;

EID: 33747616461     PISSN: 00913286     EISSN: 15602303     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1117/1.2128407     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. W. Helfrich and W. G. Schneider, "Recombination radiation in anthracene crystals," Phys. Rev. Lett. 14, 229-231 (1965).
2. C. W. Tang, S. A. VanSlyke, and C. H. Chen, "Electroluminescence of doped organic thin films," J. Appl. Phys. 65, 3610-3616 (1989).
3. S. Saito, E. Aminaka, T. Tsutsui, and M. Era, "Progress in organic electroluminescence materials and device structures," J. Lumin. 60, 902-905 (1994).
4. T. Tsutsui, N. Takada, and S. Saito, "Control of spontaneous emission using microcavity structures in organic electroluminescence devices," Synth. Met. 71, 2001-2004 (1995).
5. J. Kido, M. Kimura, and K. Nagai, "Multilayer white light-emitting organic electroluminescent device," Science 267, 1332-1334 (1995).
6. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, (1991).
7. N. C. Greenham, R. H. Friend, and D. C. Bradley, "Angular dependence of the emission from conjugated polymer light-emitting diode: implications for efficiency calculations," Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 6, 491-494 (1994).
8. J.-S. Kim, P. K. H. Ho, N. C. Greenham, and R. H. Friend, "Electroluminescence emission pattern of organic light-emitting diodes," J. Appl. Phys. 88, 1073-1081 (2000).
9. O. H. Crawford, "Radiation from oscillating dipoles embedded in a layered system," J. Chem. Phys. 89, 6017-6027 (1988).
10. V. Bulovic, V. B. Khalfin, G. Gu, P. E. Burrows, D. Z. Garbuzov, and S. R. Forrest, "Weak microcavity effects in organic light-emitting devices," Phys. Rev. B 58, 3730-3740 (1998).
11. N. K. Patel, S. Cina, and J. H. Burroughes, "High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 346-361 (2002).
12. M.-H. Lu and J. C. Sturm, "Optimization of external coupling and light emission in organic light-emitting devices modeling and experiment," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 595-604 (2002).
13. C. F. Madigan, M.-H. Lu, and J. C. Sturm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by backside substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1650-1652 (2000).
14. G. Gu, D. Z. Garbuzov, P. E. Burrows, S. Venkatesh, and S. R. Forrest, "High-external-quantum-efficiency organic light-emitting devices," Opt. Lett. 22, 396-398 (1997).
15. T. Yamasaki, K. Sumioka, and T. Tsutsui, "Organic light-emitting device with an ordered monolayer of silica microspheres as a scattering medium," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1243-1245 (2000).
16. T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, "Doubling coupling-out efficiency in organic light-emitting devices use a thin silica aerogel layer," Adv. Mater. (Weinheim, Ger.) 13, 1149-1152 (2001).
17. S. Moller and S. R. Forrest, "Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays," J. Appl. Phys. 91, 3324-3327 (2002).
18. J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, McGraw-Hill, New York (1996).
19. K. S. Yee, "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell's equations in isotropic media," IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 14, 302-307 (1966).