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2, and only partial separation after 1 day for the experiment with amidine under argon. Amidine 1b was less effective than 1a as a demulsifier; the light crude oil/water mixture separated only after 3.5 hours.
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The rates of, and minimum times required for, the conversion of 1 to 2, the conversion of 2 to 1, and the transport of the surfactant to the liquid-liquid interface have not yet been quantified.
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27
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33747604449
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note
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We thank Shell and Imperial Oil for gifts of crude oil, and the Canada Research Chair program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for funding the work.
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